تبیین مدل جامع‌نگر ابعاد کیفیت زندگی در محیط‌های سکونتی به‌منظور سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان منطقه ای

محورهای موضوعی : معماری

محمد صادق طاهر طلوع دل ¹ (دانشیار عضو گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.)
امید حیدری پور ² (دانشجوی دکترای معماری دانشکده مهندسی معماری، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/12/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/04/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01

کلید واژه: بعد ذهنی, بعد رفتاری, محیط سکونتی, کیفیت زندگی, شاخص‌ها, بعد عینی,

چکیده مقاله :

مدل کیفیت زندگی به دلیل ساختار چندبعدی آن، دارای پیچیدگی و ابهام بوده و به دلیل تنوع تعاریف، ابعاد، مقیاس‌ها و شاخص‌های مطرح‌شده در بین اندیشمندان، به‌منظور استفاده در سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان، نیاز به بازشناسی دارد. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل محتوای اسنادی ادبیات موضوعی کیفیت زندگی با رویکرد تبیین ساختار کلی آن می‌باشد. روش تحقیق این پژوهش، با رویکردی کمی-کیفی و جامع‌نگر، با جامعه آماری پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده در موضوع کیفیت زندگی و نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت هدفمند و با ساختار گلوله برفی تا حد اشباع نظری انجام‌شده است. به طور کلی 160 پژوهش، براساس شاخص های مطرح شده، مورد تحلیل محتوا قرارگرفته است. بر اساس یافته‌ها، می‌توان دریافت که شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی در سه رویکرد اصلی عینی، ذهنی و رفتاری و به‌طور مسجل حاصل از 7 بعد کالبدی، اجتماعی، خدماتی، اقتصادی، محیطی، فرهنگی و شخصی با ارزش‌های متنوع می‌باشند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌ها نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که در سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان، الگوهای جاری رفتار، برابر با استانداردهای عینی و ذهنیت مخاطب، بسیار بیشتر از وجود استانداردهای عینی باید موردتوجه قرار گیرند و تأمین این دو گروه از شاخص‌ها علی‌رغم عدم تأمین شاخص‌های عینی می‌تواند به سازگاری مخاطب با محیط منجر شود. همچنین شاخص‌های شخصی در پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده، دارای بیشترین وزن و شاخص‌های کالبدی دارای بیشترین فراوانی و کمترین وزن می‌باشد و توجه ویژه به آن‌ها در برنامه‌ریزی‌های کلان، باید در اولویت قرار گیرد. درنهایت، به‌منظور مدل جامع‌نگر کیفیت زندگی با ارائه ضریب اهمیت هرکدام از ابعاد برای اولویت‌بندی برنامه‌ها ارائه می‌شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Because of its multidimensional structure, the quality of life model is complex and ambiguous And it needs to be recognized because of the variety of definitions, dimensions, scales and indicators proposed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is a holistic analysis based on researches in the field of quality of life. Holistic approach of research is qualitative- quantitive and The research method of this study is a documentary content analysis based on quality of life thematic literature. The statistical population of this study is research on quality of life with residential and urban approaches at all levels. The overall statistical focus of the research is on the four areas of definitions, dimensions, scales and indicators proposed in research from about 1900 to 2018. For this purpose, the purposeful sampling with snowball structure is to the theoretical saturation of the data obtained in these four areas. content analysis has been analyzed. The findings are presented as descriptive statistics and analytical statistics. Analytical statistics based on the correlation, regression and shannon entropy tests are presented. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that quality of life indices can be classified into three main objective, subjective and behavioral approaches. It can also be concluded that quality of life is a multidimensional concept derived from the seven physical, social, service, economic, environmental, cultural and personal dimensions. Meanwhile, personal characteristics have the highest appearance and physical indices have the highest frequency and least weight. Although most of the weight is related to personal indicators, the highest upward trend has been related to economic indicators. Finally, based on the obtained results, the holistic model of quality of life indicators with a similar structure to snowflakes is explained.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Ahmad Akhoundi, A., Barakpur, N., Khalili, A., Sedaghatnia, S., & Safiyari, R. (2014). Measuring quality of urban life in Tehran metropolitan. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 19(2), 5-22.


2. Amrhein, V. and S. Greenland (2019). "McShane and more than 800 signatories. Retire statistical significane." Nature 567: 305-307.


3. Anbari, Moses (2010). Survey of Quality of Life Developments in Iran (1365 to 2006) Rural Development, Volume 1, Number 2, pp. 149-181. (in Persian)


4. Baldwin, S., Godfrey, C., & Propper, C. (Eds.). (2002). Quality of life: Perspectives and policies. Routledge.


5. Becerra, M. C., Huang, C. C., Lecca, L., Bayona, J., Contreras, C., Calderon, R., ... & Murray, M. (2018). Resistance at no cost: the transmissibility and potential for disease progression of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. bioRxiv, 475764.


6. Biagi, B., Ladu, M. G., & Meleddu, M. (2018). Urban quality of life and capabilities: An experimental study. Ecological Economics, 150, 137-152.


7. Bonnie Massoud, Amir, (2013). Western Architecture: Origins and Concepts, Alireza Seyyed Ahmadian (Editor), Century Architecture.


8. Brown, R. I. (2020). Quality of life for handicapped people. Routledge. (in Persian)


9. Canter, D. (1977). The psychology of place, The Architectural Press.


10. Christenson, L. and R. H. Foote (1960). "Biology of fruit flies." Annual review of entomology 5(1): 171-192.


11. Das, D. (2008). Urban quality of life: A case study of Guwahati. social indicators research, 88(2), 297-310.


12. Fassio, O., Rollero, C., & De Piccoli, N. (2013). Health, quality of life and population density: A preliminary study on “contextualized” quality of life. Social indicators research, 110(2), 479-488.


13. Fayers, P. M. and D. Machin (2013). Quality of life: the assessment, analysis and interpretation of patient-reported outcomes, John Wiley & Sons.


14. Firouzjajian, Ali Asghar, Dehghan Haddad, Mohsen, (2015). The Relation and Impact of Subective Quality of Life on Objective Quality of Life, Case Study; Amol City, Mazandaran Province, Quarterly Journal of Socio-Cultural Development Studies, Volume 4, Issue 4, Spring 44, pp. 751-784. (in Persian)


15. Ghafari, Gholamreza, Omidi, Reza (2009). Quality of Life, Social Development Index, Book Base.


16. Gibbons, S. M., Duvallet, C., & Alm, E. J. (2018). Correcting for batch effects in case-control microbiome studies. PLoS computational biology, 14(4), e1006102.


17. Gobbens, R. J. and M. A. van Assen (2017). "Associations between multidimensional frailty and quality of life among Dutch older people." Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 73: 69-76.


18. Kahn, M. E. (1995). "A revealed preference approach to ranking city quality of life." Journal of Urban Economics 38(2): 221-235.


19. Leung, Y., Oates, J., & Chan, S. P. (2018). Voice, articulation, and prosody contribute to listener perceptions of speaker gender: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61(2), 266-297.


20. Liu, B.-C. (1976). Quality of life indicators in US metropolitan areas, Praeger.


21. Ma, Y., Peng, D., Liu, C., Huang, C., & Luo, J. (2017). Serum high concentrations of homocysteine and low levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are significantly correlated with the categories of coronary artery diseases. BMC cardiovascular disorders, 17(1), 1-7.


22. Mohit, M. A. (2013). "Objective analysis of variation in the regional quality of life in Malaysia and its policy implications." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 101: 454-464.


23. Nejat, Saharnaz, (2008), Quality of Life and its Measurement, Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 2008, Volume 4, Number 2: pp. 62-57. (in Persian)


24. Noll, H.-H. (2000). "Informationsfeld Subjektive Indikatoren." Expertise fr die Kommission zur Verbesserung der informationellen Infrastruktur zwischen Wissenschaft und Statistik. Mannheim: Zentrum fr Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen.


25. OECD (1974). Better Lives, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.


26. OECD (2018). Better Lives, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.


27. Ogunseitan, O. (2018, March). The Development and Implementation of a Ten-Campus Global Health Educational Initiative. 9th Annual CUGH Conference.


28. Organization, W. H. (1996). WHOQOL-BREF: introduction, administration, scoring and generic version of the assessment: field trial version, December 1996, Geneva: World Health Organization.


29. Pasten, C. and J. C. Santamarina (2012). "Energy and quality of life." Energy Policy 49: 468-476.


30. Rastegar, S., Stadlbauer, J., Fujimoto, K., McLaughlin, K., Estrada, D., & Cantley, K. D. (2017, August). Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement using graphene-based passive microelectrode arrays. In 2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) (pp. 507-510). IEEE.


31. Research Group of QOL, (1994). Structure of Quality of Life, University of Toronto.


32. Rush, G. P., Clarke, L. E., Stone, M., & Wood, M. J. (2018). Can drones count gulls? Minimal disturbance and semiautomated image processing with an unmanned aerial vehicle for colony‐nesting seabirds. Ecology and Evolution, 8(24), 12322-12334.


33. Skevington, S. M., Lotfy, M., & O'Connell, K. A. (2004). The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Quality of life Research, 13(2), 299-310.


34. Stephens, C., Allen, J., Keating, N., Szabó, Á., & Alpass, F. (2020). Neighborhood environments and intrinsic capacity interact to affect the health-related quality of life of older people in New Zealand. Maturitas.


35. H. O. QOL (1996). WHOQOL-BREF: introduction, administration, scoring and generic version of the assessment: field trial version, December 1996, Geneva: World Health Organization.


36. Węziak-Białowolska, D. (2016). "Quality of life in cities–Empirical evidence in comparative European perspective." Cities 58: 87-96.


37. Wood-Dauphinee, S. (1999). "Assessing quality of life in clinical research: from where have we come and where are we going?" Journal of clinical epidemiology. 52(4): 355-363.


38. Zhang, F., Li, D., Ahrentzen, S., & Feng, H. (2020). Exploring the inner relationship among neighborhood environmental factors affecting quality of life of older adults based on SLR–ISM method. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 35(1), 215-242.