تحلیل اثرات سیاستگذاری بر شهرسازی و معماری موردمطالعه دوره ۱۳۲۰ تا ۱۳۰۴
محورهای موضوعی : شهرسازی
علی ذبیحی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری معماری ، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، بیرجند، ایران)
رضا میرزایی
2
(استادیار، دانشکده هنر و معماری واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، بیرجند، ایران)
کلید واژه: معماری معاصر ایران , عصر پهلوی اول , سیاستگذاری معماری و شهرسازی, تحلیل شبکه ای ANP,
چکیده مقاله :
معماری و شهرسازی ایران در گذشته از روند مشخصی پیروی نموده، که برگرفته از معماری و شهرسازی دوران قبل بوده است. اما در دوران معاصر این روند دچار تحول و دگرگونی هایی شده است. این مطالعه سعی بر این دارد که عوامل تاثیر گذار بر معماری و شهرسازی در دوران پهلوی اول را بررسی نماید و همچنین به تحلیل عواملی که زمینه ساز این دگرگونی ها بر سیاستگذاری معماری و شهرسازی شده بپردازد. در پژوهش حاضر از روش کیفی و کمی استفاده شده، که به منظور جمع آوری اطلاعات از منابع کتابخانه ای، مقالات و جهت رهیافت به داده های کمی، از روش تحلیل شبکه ای (ANP) و از نرم افزار Super Decisions استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از این است که عواملی چون باستان شناسی، آموزش معماران، کنگره های هنري و انجمن آثار ملی، نظامی گرایی و مدرن گرایی بر معماری و شهرسازی در این دوره تاثیر بسیاری داشته، که میزان تاثیر پذیری معماری و شهرسازی از این تحولات برابر بوده است. بیشترین عوامل تاثیر گذار بر تحولات معماری در آن دوران، مدرن گرایی و باستان گرایی و در شهرسازی عواملی چون آموزش معماری، کنگره های علمی و نظامی گرایی تأثیر گذار بوده است.
In the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the factors affecting architecture and urban development in the First Pahlavi period and to analyze some of the factors that have provided the ground for these evolutions, and also to examine the impacts of these changes and evolutions on contemporary Iranian architecture and urban development policymaking. The present study was a qualitative and quantitative one, which used library sources and studies in order to collect the data. Moreover, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Super Decisions software were utilized to analyze the data. The study results indicated that factors such as archeology, training architectures, artistic congresses, archeology and the Association of National Monuments, militarism, and modernism have had a significant impact on the architecture and urban development of this period; and the extent of the impact of changes on architecture and urban development has been equal. The most influential factors in architectural evolutions have been modernism and archeology of that era; and factors such as training architectures, scientific congresses, and militarism have affected urban development evolutions.
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