بررسی کارآیی مصرف ماده آلی اسید هیومیک در مقایسه با کود شیمیایی، کود دامی و تلفیقی در گیاه مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.)
محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزی
ابراهیم فراهانی
1
(مربی پژوهش، بخش منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران)
حمید مدنی
2
(دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک)
کلید واژه: کود دامی, کود شیمیایی, اسید هیومیک, اسانس, مرزه و خجیر,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تاثیر ماده آلی اسید هیومیک در مقایسه با کود شیمیایی و کود دامی، تحقیقی در سال‌های زراعی 90- 1388 به مدت 3 سال در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی خجیر در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 6 تیمار در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل اسید هیومیک، کود شیمیایی (N100P80K100)، کود دامی (30 تن در هکتار کود پوسیده گاو)، مخلوط اسید هیومیک + نصف کود شیمیایی، مخلوط اسید هیومیک+ 10 تن کود دامی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد بود. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، مصرف اسید هیومیک باعث افزایش معنی‌دار اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه همچون طول ریشه، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه های فرعی، وزن خشک برگ در بوته، وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی، وزن‌تر اندام‌هوایی، عملکرد ماده خشک، عملکرد اسانس، عملکرد بذر نسبت به شاهد گردید. کود شیمیایی با 88/28 کیلوگرم، کود دامی با 41/27 کیلوگرم، مصرف اسید هیومیک با 34/23 کیلوگرم، تیمار مخلوط اسید هیومیک با کود شیمیایی با 19/22 کیلوگرم و تیمار مخلوط اسید هیومیک با کود دامی با 92/22 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد اسانس افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد (87/16 کیلوگرم) داشتند. تیمار 100% کود شیمیایی بیشترین عملکرد اسانس را داشت. بنابراین در زراعت گیاه مرزه مصرف اسید هیومیک به لحاظ افزایش عملکرد ماده خشک و عملکرد اسانس توصیه می‌شود.
Today, the use of organic fertilizers is increasing. The humic substances are a mixture of various organic compounds that are derived from the remains of plants and or animals.Humic acid is one of the compounds that today are widely used in research as well as commercial uses. The plant grown in soils that have enough humic substances, are less influenced by stress, will produce healthier plant and more product. Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an annual plant that is widely cultivated. Essential oil of this plant has antimicrobial properties and inhibits the growth of some bacteria. All vegetative shoots contain essential oil which has antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-fungal. In order to investigate the organic matter of humic acid in comparison to chemical fertilizer and manure, a research was carried out in years 2009-2011 for 3 years in Khojir research station a form of a randomized complete block design with six treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included humic acid, fertilizer (N100P80K100), manure (30 ton/ha), humic acid mixture with half fertilizer, humic acid mixture with 10 tons/ha of manure compared with the control. According to the results, the use of humic acid increased significantly in most of the studied traits such as root length, plant height, number of lateral branches, leaf dry weight in plant, shoot dry weight, shoot fresh weight, dry shoot yield, essential oil yield , seed yield compared to control. Chemical fertilizer with 28.88 kg, manure with 27.41 kg, humic acid with 23.34 kg, mixture of humic acid with chemical fertilizer with 22.19 kg and mixture of humic acid manure with 22.92 kg per hectare had significantly increase in essential oil yield than the control group (16.87 kg). Thus in summer savory cultivation, the humic acid consumption due to increased dry matter yield and essential oil yield, is recommended.
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