سنجش پارامتر‌های اقلیمی با رویکرد توسعه گردشگری در مناطق روستایی و شهری (مورد‌مطالعه: شهرستان گنبدکاووس)
محورهای موضوعی :
جغرافیای طبیعی
فضل اله اسمعیلی
1
,
رضا سارلی
2
,
مهدی خداداد
3
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران.
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه سنجش از دور گرایش مطالعات آب و خاک، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی،اردبیل.
3 - دانشگاه گلستان-گرگان
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/03/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/18
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01
کلید واژه:
TCI,
بوم‌گردی,
اقلیم‌گردشگری,
شهرستان گنبدکاووس,
چکیده مقاله :
آب‌وهوای مناسب برای سفر جهانگردی، آب‌وهوایی است که بدن انسان برای حفاظت در برابر پایداری محیط خارجی نیازی به کوشش زیاد نداشته باشد و مکانیزم‌های منظم موازنه‌ها و توان بیولوژیکی انسان را به خطر نیاندازد. در همین راستا، هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی پارامتر‌ها و شرایط آسایش اقلیمی توسعه گردشگری شهرستان گنبدکاووس می‌باشد. برای نیل به این منظور از شاخص اقلیم توریستی ( TCI)، Climate Consultant و همچنین از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست هشت و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) و روش‌های سنجش‌ازدور (RS) استفاده‌شده است. پس از تعیین وزن نهایی برای هرکدام از معیارها، این اوزان با پشتیبانی قابلیت‌های سامانه‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی در اعمال وزن به لایه‌ها و سپس روی-هم‌گذاری آن‌ها با توجه به میزان تأثیرشان بر فرآیند ارزیابی در محیط GIS تلفیق می‌شوند. درنهایت برای هرکدام از معیارهای موردنظر با توجه به داده‌های مؤثر بر آن و میزان تأثیر این دادها بر روی اقلیم منطقه استراتژی‌هایی برای اقلیم معماری منازل هم ارائه گردید برای این کار ابتدا داده‌های موردنظر از سازمان زیست اقلیم آمریکا تهیه و به کمک نرم‌افزار الیمنت شبیه‌سازی شد سپس با نرم‌افزار Climate Consultant 5. تجزیه و تحلیل صورت گرفت. نتایج حاصل‌شده این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ازنظر شاخص اقلیم‌گردشگری و بوم‌گردی شهرستان گنبدکاووس در بیشتر ایام سال به‌خصوص ماه‌های دی، اسفند، فروردین، اردیبهشت، مهر و آبان از شرایط عالی و خوب برای فعالیت‌های توریستی برخوردار می‌باشند. لذا باید استراتژی‌های لازم جهت توسعه بوم‌گردی در این منطقه فراهم گردد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The purpose of this research is to identify the parameters and climate-friendly conditions of tourism development in Gonbad-e-Kavus. In order to achieve this, the Tourism Climate Index (TCI), Climate Consultant, as well as Landsat Eight satellite imagery and GIS and RS measurement methods have been used. After determining the final weight for each of the criteria, these weights are combined with the support of the GIS capabilities in applying weight to layers and then on-matching them, according to their impact on the evaluation process in the GIS environment. . Finally, for each of the criteria, considering the data that affect it, and the impact of these data on the region's climate, strategies for the climate of the home architecture were also presented. To do this, the data was first provided by the Climate Organization of the United States and The simulation software was simulated and then analyzed with Climate Consultant 5. Software. The results of this study show that according to the climate and tourism index of Gonbad-e-Kavoos in most of the year, especially in the months of December, March, April, May, October and November, the conditions are excellent and good for activity There are tourist destinations. Therefore, strategies should be developed for development of poplar in this region.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Astani, Sobhan and Sobhan Ardakani, Soheil (2012), Assessment of Tourism Comfort Comfort in Hamedan City for Urban Tourism Using GIS and TCI Model, Haft-Hesar Urban Research Quarterly, 1 (2), pp. 66-57.
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De Freitas, C.R. Daniel S., Geoff M. (2008), A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): specification and verification. Int J Biometeorol, 52: 399– 407.
Matzarakis A. (2001), Heat stress in Greece. Internatinal Journal of Biometeorology, 41: 24-39.
Scott, D, Lemieux, C. (2010), Weather and climate Infotmation of Tourism, Procedia Environmental sciences, 1, 146-183.
Scott, D.; Rutty, M.; Amelung, B. and Tang, M. (2016). An inter-comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in Europe, Atmosphere, 7(6): 80.
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Dadashi-Rudbari, Abbasali and Bagheghideh, Mohammad (1393), Evaluation and zoning of climates in the city of Nowshahr using the TCI Index, The first congress of geographic science of Iran (geography of development platform), Tehran.
Hassanwand, Abbas, Soleimani-Barabar, Maryam and Pizzpanpahnah, Hojjatallah (2011), Spatial Explanation of Climate Comfort of Lorestan Province Based on TCI Index, Scientific Journal of Spatial Planning, First Year, No. 1, Summer, Pages 144-121.
Heidari, Shahin and Ghaffari-e Jabbari, Shahla (2010), Determining the time limit of comfort for the city of Tabriz, Modares Mechanical Engineering Magazine, No. 4, pp. 37-44.
Heydari, Hasan and Jahan, Khadijeh (2012), Assessment of North-western climate of Iran for development of tourism industry, Journal of Tourism and Future Prospects, No. 4.
Jahanbakhsh, Saeed (1998), Tabriz Biodegradation Evaluation and Building Thermal Requirements, Geographical Quarterly, No. 48.
Komar, K. (2012). Personalizes recommendations for tourists. Journal of Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 27.
Matzarakis, A. (2004). Assessing climate for tourism purposes: Existing methods and climate, tourism and recreation tools for the thermal complex, In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, freiburg.
Mieczkowski, Z. (1985). The tourism climatic index: A method of evaluating world climates for tourism. Canadian Geographer 29 (3), 220–33.
Morillon-GalvezD,Saldana-FloresR.(2014).Tejeda-MartinezAHuman bioclimatic atlas for Mexico; Solar Energy,Vol.76.
Ping Lin.T.,Matzarakis.A.,Lung Huang.R. (2010).Shading effect on long-term outdoor thermal comfort. Bulding and Inviroment , 45: 213-221 .
Ramezani, Bahman, Farajzadeh, Hassan and Moradian, Roshanak (2012), Investigating the Tourism Climate of Rudsar City Using Nervous Stress Index, Quarterly Journal of Tourism, Vol. 1, No. 2.
Salighe, Mohammad and Beheshti-Ja'avid, Ibrahim (1393), zoning of seasonal tourism alternatives in Semirom city based on comparative analysis of dynamics and geochemical indicators, geography (Journal of Research and International Association of Geography Iran, New Year, Year 12, No. 41, Summer.
Wang.P.Y,Terry.L.,Jiang.M. (2012).Climate change adaptation in tourism in the South Pacific—Potential contribution of public–private partnerships,Tourism Management Perspectives,(4) :136-144.
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Adabova ido, A.P. (2013). An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of foreign tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and management, No. 12.
Astani, Sobhan and Sobhan Ardakani, Soheil (2012), Assessment of Tourism Comfort Comfort in Hamedan City for Urban Tourism Using GIS and TCI Model, Haft-Hesar Urban Research Quarterly, 1 (2), pp. 66-57.
Amelung, B.; Nicholls, S. and Viner, D. (2014). Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality, Journal of Travel research, 45(3): 285-296.
Asheri, Emamali, Safar Ali-Zadeh, Ismail and Hosseinzadeh, Robab (1395) 0 Evaluation of the Tourism Climate of West Azarbayjan Province, Quarterly Journal of Geography of Space, No. 20, Summer, Pages 98-85.
Azizadeh Varzaghan, Mohammad Reza and Jahan, Khadijeh (1392), zoning of climatic zones of north-west of the country for the development of tourism industry using Effective Temperature Index, Tourism Journal and Future Perspective, Pages 128-117.
Bank, M, Wiesner, R. (2011). Determinants of weather denvatives usage in the Austrian winter tourism industry, Tourism Management,32, 62-68.
De Freitas, C.R. Daniel S., Geoff M. (2008), A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): specification and verification. Int J Biometeorol, 52: 399– 407.
Matzarakis A. (2001), Heat stress in Greece. Internatinal Journal of Biometeorology, 41: 24-39.
Scott, D, Lemieux, C. (2010), Weather and climate Infotmation of Tourism, Procedia Environmental sciences, 1, 146-183.
Scott, D.; Rutty, M.; Amelung, B. and Tang, M. (2016). An inter-comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in Europe, Atmosphere, 7(6): 80.
Bouden, andGhrab, Biau, Von Storch Hans and Wackernagel (2015). “Estimation of precipitation by Kriging”. in the EOF Journal of Climate, Vol.12
De freitas, C.R. (2002). Theory, concepts and Methods in Tourism Climate Research. School of Geography and Environmental science, the University of Auckland.
Omrani, Zaynab and Pizzpanpahnah, Hojjatullah (1392), Calculation of comfort in the tourism climate of Isfahan province's tourist areas, Geographical Space Scientific-Research Journal, Thirteenth, No. 41, Spring, pp. 130-113.
Dadashi-Rudbari, Abbasali and Bagheghideh, Mohammad (1393), Evaluation and zoning of climates in the city of Nowshahr using the TCI Index, The first congress of geographic science of Iran (geography of development platform), Tehran.
Hassanwand, Abbas, Soleimani-Barabar, Maryam and Pizzpanpahnah, Hojjatallah (2011), Spatial Explanation of Climate Comfort of Lorestan Province Based on TCI Index, Scientific Journal of Spatial Planning, First Year, No. 1, Summer, Pages 144-121.
Heidari, Shahin and Ghaffari-e Jabbari, Shahla (2010), Determining the time limit of comfort for the city of Tabriz, Modares Mechanical Engineering Magazine, No. 4, pp. 37-44.
Heydari, Hasan and Jahan, Khadijeh (2012), Assessment of North-western climate of Iran for development of tourism industry, Journal of Tourism and Future Prospects, No. 4.
Jahanbakhsh, Saeed (1998), Tabriz Biodegradation Evaluation and Building Thermal Requirements, Geographical Quarterly, No. 48.
Komar, K. (2012). Personalizes recommendations for tourists. Journal of Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 27.
Matzarakis, A. (2004). Assessing climate for tourism purposes: Existing methods and climate, tourism and recreation tools for the thermal complex, In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, freiburg.
Mieczkowski, Z. (1985). The tourism climatic index: A method of evaluating world climates for tourism. Canadian Geographer 29 (3), 220–33.
Morillon-GalvezD,Saldana-FloresR.(2014).Tejeda-MartinezAHuman bioclimatic atlas for Mexico; Solar Energy,Vol.76.
Ping Lin.T.,Matzarakis.A.,Lung Huang.R. (2010).Shading effect on long-term outdoor thermal comfort. Bulding and Inviroment , 45: 213-221 .
Ramezani, Bahman, Farajzadeh, Hassan and Moradian, Roshanak (2012), Investigating the Tourism Climate of Rudsar City Using Nervous Stress Index, Quarterly Journal of Tourism, Vol. 1, No. 2.
Salighe, Mohammad and Beheshti-Ja'avid, Ibrahim (1393), zoning of seasonal tourism alternatives in Semirom city based on comparative analysis of dynamics and geochemical indicators, geography (Journal of Research and International Association of Geography Iran, New Year, Year 12, No. 41, Summer.
Wang.P.Y,Terry.L.,Jiang.M. (2012).Climate change adaptation in tourism in the South Pacific—Potential contribution of public–private partnerships,Tourism Management Perspectives,(4) :136-144.
