An Investigation of Using RCS-processed Intramedullary Stainless Steel 316L Nail in the Treatment of Diaphyseal Bone Fractures

Subject Areas :

Abdolreza Rastitalab ¹ , Salar Khajehpour ² , Ahmad Afsari ³ , Shahin Heidari ⁴ , Javad Dehghani ⁵

1 - Department of Mechanical, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2 - Department of Mechanical, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
3 - Department of Mechanical, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
4 - Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
5 - Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Received: 2021-08-12 Accepted : 2021-11-11 Published : 2021-08-01

Keywords: Finite elements method, Severe Plastic Deformation, intramedullary nailing, Experimental Test, Diaphyseal bone fractures,

Abstract :

The method of intramedullary nailing, which leads to the alignment of the diaphyseal broken bone, is one of the diaphyseal fractured bone healing novelties. The rods utilized must be strong enough to withstand the forces exerted by the transplanted bone. Today, various researchers are interested in using severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods to improve the mechanical characteristics of metals. One of the SPD procedures used in this study was repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) on a 316L stainless steel rod. After conducting mechanical characteristics tests on the rods produced using this approach, ABAQUS software was utilized to simulate the intramedullary nailing finite element method (FEM). The results of the experiments revealed that raising the number of pressing stages to eight significantly increases the hardness of the samples. The simulation findings revealed that the bone sample implanted by the rod manufactured by the aforementioned procedure has a higher structural hardness than the bone implanted by a basic 316L stainless steel rod under various stress conditions.

References:

[1] Srivastava, A.K., Mehlman, C.T., Wall, E.J. and Do, T.T. 2008. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures in children. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 28(2): 152-158.

[2] Rastitalab, A., Khajepour, S., Dehghani, J., Afsari, A. and Heidari, S. 2021. Evaluating the Stability of the Fractured Bone Implanted with Titanium Elastic Nails in C and S Configurations. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(9):349-358.

[3] Perren, S.M. 1989. The biomechanics and biology of internal fixation using plates and nails. Orthopedics. 12(1):21-34

[4] Chen, X.H., Lu, J., Lu, L. and Lu, K. 2005. Tensile properties of a nanocrystalline 316L austenitic stainless steel. Scripta Materialia. 52(10): 1039-1044.

[5] Bakhshan, Y., Heidari, S., Khorshidi, J.  and Afsari, A. 2021. Study of Aerodynamic Parameters of WAF and Flat Fins Rocket with Two Materials of Aluminum & Steel and Its Effect on Elastic Deformation by Two-way FSI Method. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. Available Online. 10.22034/jmeut.2021.42557.2774.

[6] Afsari, A., Heidari, S. and Jafari, J. 2020. Evaluation of Optimal Conditions, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum to Copper Joints Welded by FSW. Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production. 9(4): 61-81.

[7] Heidari, S. and Afsari, A., 2021. Study of Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Due to Particle Size Reduction due to Constrained Groove Pressing CGP Process. Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, 10(1): 5-18.

[8] Heidari, S., Afsari, A. and Ranaei, M.A. 2020. Increasing Wear Resistance of Copper Electrode in Electrical Discharge Machining by Using Ultra-Fine-Grained Structure. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals. 73(11): 2901-2910.

[9] Tahavvor, A.R., Heidari, S. and Zarrinchang, P. 2016. Modeling of the height control system using artificial neural networks. Journal of Agricultural Machinery. 6(2): 350-361.

[10] Orang, A., Haghighi-Yazdi, M., Naserkhaki, S. and Mehrpour, S.R. 2020. Desired Properties of Disc in Numerical Models and Its Influence on Biomechanical Behavior of Lumbar Spine. Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 52(1): 87-202.

[11] Tahavvor, A.R. and Zarrinchang, P. 2020. Numerical simulation of transient air flow and particle deposition in a lung and bronchus of a human respiratory system. AUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 4(3): 347-362.

[12] Pham, M.S., Dovgyy, B. and Hooper, P.A. 2017. Twinning induced plasticity in austenitic stainless steel 316L made by additive manufacturing. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 704:102-111.

[13] Sudhakar, K.V. 2005. Metallurgical investigation of a failure in 316L stainless steel orthopaedic implant. Engineering Failure Analysis. 12(2): 249-256.

[14] Liu, G., Li, J., Zhang, S., Wang, J. and Meng, Q. 2016. Dilatometric study on the recrystallization and austenization behavior of cold-rolled steel with different heating rates. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 666: 309-316.

[15]  ASTM A 167 or ASTM A 240/A 240M. Type [304][316][304 or Type 316].

[16] Chandler, H. 1995. Heat treater's guide: practices and procedures for irons and steels. ASM International.

[17] Tupholme, S. 1990. Information Sources in Metallic Materials. Chapter Four: Stainless steels.   KG Saur.

[18] Yanushkevich, Z., Dobatkin, S.V., Belyakov, A. and Kaibyshev, R. 2017. Hall-Petch relationship for austenitic stainless steels processed by large strain warm rolling. Acta Materialia. 136: 39-48.

[19] Wang, Y., Yue, W., She, D., Fu, Z., Huang, H. and Liu, J. 2014. Effects of surface nanocrystallization on tribological properties of 316L stainless steel under MoDTC/ZDDP lubrications. Tribology International. 79: 42-51.

[20] Wang, P., Lei, H., Zhu, X., Chen, H. and Fang, D., 2019. Influence of manufacturing geometric defects on the mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 789, pp.852-859.

[21] ASTM E384-99-Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials. 1999. ASTM International West Conshohocken.

[22] Kim, J.Y., Cho, S.I., Lee, I., Na, H.J. and Jung, S.Y. 2012. Aerodynamic analysis of a rolling wraparound fin projectile in supersonic flow. International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series. 19: 276-282.

[23] Goodwin, Ryan C. Gaynor, T., Mahar, A., Oka, R. and Lalonde, F. D. 2005. Intramedullary flexible nail fixation of unstable pediatric tibial diaphyseal fractures. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 25(5):570-576.

[24] Ligier, J.N., Metaizeau, J.P., Prevot, J. and Lascombes, P. 1985. Elastic stable intramedullary pinning of long bone shaft fractures in children. Zeitschrift für Kinderchirurgie. 40(4): 209-212.

[25] Anderson, R.T., Pacaccio, D.J., Yakacki, C.M. and Carpenter, R.D. 2016. Finite element analysis of a pseudoelastic compression-generating intramedullary ankle arthrodesis nail. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 62: 83-92.

[26] Ariza, O., Gilchrist, S., Widmer, R.P., Guy, P., Ferguson, S.J., Cripton, P.A. and Helgason, B. 2015. Comparison of explicit finite element and mechanical simulation of the proximal femur during dynamic drop-tower testing. Journal of Biomechanics. 48(2): 224-232.

[27] Shirazi‐Adl, A., Dammak, M. and Paiement, G. 1993. Experimental determination of friction characteristics at the trabecular bone/porous‐coated metal interface in cementless implants. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 27(2): 167-175.

[28] Kaiser, M.M., Zachert, G., Wendlandt, R., Eggert, R., Stratmann, C., Gros, N., Schulze-Hessing, M. and Rapp, M. 2012. Increasing stability by pre-bending the nails in elastic stable intramedullary nailing: a biomechanical analysis of a synthetic femoral spiral fracture model. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 94(5): 713-718.

[29] Gervais, B., Vadean, A., Raison, M. and Brochu, M. 2016. Failure analysis of a 316L stainless steel femoral orthopedic implant. Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis. 5: 30-38.

[30] Lee, P.Y., Chen, Y.N., Hu, J.J. and Chang, C.H. 2018. Comparison of mechanical stability of elastic titanium, nickel-titanium, and stainless steel nails used in the fixation of diaphyseal long bone fractures. Materials. 11(11): 2159.

[31] Chen, Y.N., Lee, P.Y., Chang, C.W., Ho, Y.H., Peng, Y.T., Chang, C.H. and Li, C.T. 2017. Biomechanical investigation of titanium elastic nail prebending for treating diaphyseal long bone fractures. Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine. 40(1): 115-126.