اعتیاد زنان از منظر جامعه : یک مطالعه کیفی
محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعهندا فیاضی 1 , طاهره اشک تراب 2 * , نعیمه سیدفاطمی 3
1 - پرستاری، گروه پرستاری، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - پروفسور، گروه پرستاری، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - مرکز تحقیقات سلامت روان سالمندان، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: جامعه, زنان, اعتیاد, تحلیل محتوا,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: با توجه به آمار تصاعدی اعتیاد زنان و نقش گسترده زنان در محوریت و استحکام خانواده، هدف مطالعه فوق بررسی تجارب زیسته زنان ایرانی با سوء مصرف مواد مخدر از منظر جامعه بود تا بتوان با شناخت ادراک جامعه از اعتیاد زنان در حوزه برنامه ریزی نیازها، کنترل و درمان در این حوزه فراهم نمود.
روش: مطالعه حاضر با رویکرد تحلیل محتوای کیفی از نوع عرفی یا قراردادی با مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند انجام گرفت. مشارکت کنندگان این مطالعه 16 زن مصرف کننده فعلی و سابق مواد مخدر بودند که به روش نمونه گیری مبتنی بر هدف و گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. بستر این مطالعه را مراکز آسیب های اجتماعی تهران و شهرستان ساوه و محیط هایی چون پارک و منزل مسکونی تشکیل دادند.
یافتهها: بر اساس تحلیل مصاحبه ها با روش تحلیل محتوای عرفی، مضمون "اعتیاد و باورهای جامعه" (شامل: عدم تعلق اعتیاد به افراد خاص، انگ اجتماعی اعتیاد و طیف بازخورد به اعتیاد زنان) و مضمون "زنان معتاد: قضاوت و طرد شدگی اجتماع" (شامل: تفاوت نگاه جنسیتی در جامعه و تغییر رفتار جامعه با زن مصرف کننده مواد) استخراج شدند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: ادراکات جامعه به اعتیاد زنان، منفی و یا متفاوت با واقعیت ها بود. با استفاده از یافته های فوق، می توان جهت انگ زدایی با فرهنگ سازی در سطح جامعه با استفاده از رسانه ها، افزایش مراکز درمانی و ایجاد نهادهای حمایتی جهت اشتغال این زنان و تدوین برنامه های پیشگیرانه در ابعاد مختلف، بهترین برنامه ریزی لازم را نمود.
Introduction: Considering the rising statistics of women's addiction and the extensive role of women in the centrality and stability of the family, the aim of the above study was to examine the lived experiences of Iranian women with substance abuse from a societal perspective to understand the community's perception of women's addiction, which can facilitate the planning of needs, control, and treatment in this area.
Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach of a conventional or normative type through semi-structured interviews. The participants were 16 current and former female drug users who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. The setting for this study included social harm centers in Tehran and the city of Saveh, as well as environments such as parks and residential homes.
Findings: Based on the analysis of interviews using conventional content analysis, themes " Addiction and societal beliefs" (including: the non-attachment of addiction to specific individuals, the social stigma of addiction, and Spectrum of feedback on women's addiction) and "addicted women: judgment and social rejection" (including: the differences in gender perspectives in society and the changing behavior of society towards women who use substances) were extracted.
Discussion and Conclusion: Society's perceptions of women's addiction were negative or different from reality. Using above findings, efforts can be made to reduce stigma through cultural change at the community level by media, increasing treatment centers, establishing support institutions for employment of these women, and developing preventive programs in various dimensions for optimal planning.
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