بررسی عوامل محیطی موثر بر احساس امنیت زنان در شهر سبزوار

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

زهرا صالحی ¹ , سید هادی حسینی ²

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، گروه برنامه ریزی شهری و روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، مرکز پژوهشی علوم جغرافیایی و مطالعات اجتماعی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01

کلید واژه: زنان, احساس امنیت, سبزوار, عوامل محیطی,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده
هدف: تغییرات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی دهه­های اخیر باعث افزایش حضور زنان در فضای شهری شده است. این عامل باعث شده تا موضوع امنیت و به ویژه احساس امنیت زنان در شهر و عوامل تاثیرگذار برآن، مورد توجه محققان قرار گیرد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی نقش متغیرهای محیطی در احساس امنیت زنان در فضای شهری می­باشد.
روش­: این تحقیق، یک بررسی پیمایشی – موردی، از نظر وسعت، چهنانگر و از نظر زمانی مقطعی می­باشد.   جامعه آماری زنان 15-40 ساله شهر سبزوار و نمونه آماری بر اساس فرمول کوکران 366 برآورد گردید که در پرسشگری نهایی تعداد 408 نمونه گردآوری و تحلیل گردید. عرصه تحقیق، 22 محدوده از بافت­های پنج گانه (مرکزی، میانی، غیررسمی، برنامه­ریزی شده و پیرامونی) شهر سبزوار می­باشد.
یافته­ها: بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، تعلق مکانی و تراکم ادراکی دو متغیر محیطی بودند که به طور مستقیم بر احساس امنیت زنان تاثیر گذار بودند. متغیرهای اختلاط کاربری، خوانایی و سابقه سکونت به طور غیرمستقیم و با میانجیگری تعلق مکانی بر احساس امنیت زنان تاثیر گذار بودند و بی نظمی محیطی، تنها متغیری بود که هم به صورت مستقیم و هم غیرمستقیم بر احساس امنیت زنان تاثیر داشته است. تراکم جمعیت تنها متغیری بود که هیچگونه تاثیری چه مستقیم و چه غیرمستقیم بر احساس امنیت زنان نداشت. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام و تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که تعلق مکانی به تنهایی 12.5 درصد احساس امنیت زنان را تبیین می­کند. با اضاف شدن متغیرهای تراکم ادراکی، بی نظمی محیطی و خوانایی، میزان تبیین واریانس متغیر وابسته به 20.7 درصد افزایش می­یابد. کاهش کوری جنسیتی در تصمیم­سازی­ها و مشارکت دادن زنان در برنامه­ریزی­ها، می­تواند زمینه را برای افزایش احساس امنیت زنان فراهم نماید.  

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the recent decades, economic, social and cultural changes have increased the presence of women in the urban environment. This issue causes attention to women’s security and its determinants increase between researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of environmental variables in women's security in urban space. The study is a survey-case study, cross-sectional and extensive research. The statistical society was 15-40 years old women of Sabzevar and the sample size was estimated based on Cochran's formula 366 which in the final questionnaire, 408 samples were collected and analyzed. The study area included 22 statistical districts of five urban textures (central, middle, informal, planned and peripheral). According to the research results, sense of place and perceptional density were two environmental variables that directly affected women's sense of security. land use mix, readability, and Duration of residence indirectly affected women's sense of security through the mediator of sense of place and environmental disorder was the only variable that affected women's sense of security, both directly and indirectly. Population density was the only variable that had no direct or indirect effect on women's sense of security. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that sense of place alone explains 12.5% of women's sense of security. With the addition of the variables of perceptional density, environmental disorder and readability, the rate of explanation of the variance of the dependent variable increases by 20.7%. Reducing gender blindness in decision-making can help increase women's sense of security.

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