بررسی گرایش زنان روستایی به اشتغال (مورد مطالعه: زنان روستایی شهرستان نجف آباد)

محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعه

زینب شریفی ¹ , هوشنگ ایروانی ² , ژیلا دانشور عامری ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترای توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج
2 - استاد و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
3 - استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/12/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/04/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/02/01

کلید واژه: اشتغال, زنان روستایی, مردسالاری, گرایش,

چکیده مقاله :

پژوهش حاضر به بررسی گرایش زنان روستایی به اشتغال پرداخته است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، زنان روستایی 15- 64 سال ساکن در روستاهای شهرستان نجف آباد بود که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه برآورد شد و 180 نفر از زنان روستایی با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شدند. در این مطالعه، ابزار جمع آوری داده­ها، پرسشنامه­ی محقق ساخته بود که برای روایی ابزار تحقیق، از روش اعتبار محتوایی استفاده گردید و مورد تأیید اساتید دانشگاه تهران قرار گرفت و پایایی آن با محاسبه­ی ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (8/0<α) تأیید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها به­وسیله­ی نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، گرایش به اشتغال بیش از نیمی از زنان روستایی متوسط رو به بالا بود. هم­چنین یافته­ها نشان داد که بین میزان گرایش گروه­های مختلف زنان روستایی به اشتغال بر اساس وضعیت تأهل، عضویت در نهادهای روستا، دریافت وام، وضعیت اشتغال تفاوت معنی‌دار وجود نداشت. نتایج تحقیق هم­چنین حاکی از آن بود که بین میزان مطالعه در روز و نیز نظر همسر/پدر نسبت به اشتغال زن و گرایش زنان روستایی به اشتغال، رابطه­ی مثبت معنی دار و بین میزان مرد سالاری در خانواده و گرایش زنان روستایی به اشتغال، رابطه­ی منفی معنی‌دار وجود داشت؛ در حالی که بین میزان آزادی تحرک اجتماعی و گرایش آنان به اشتغال، رابطه معنی­دار نبود. افزون بر این، زنان روستایی 20 سال و پایین­تر و نیز زنان روستایی با سطح تحصیلات بالاتر گرایش بیشتری به اشتغال داشتند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study has investigated rural women tendency to occupation. The statistical population of this research was 15-64 -year-old rural women in rural areas of Najaf Abad County. Sample size was estimated by using Cochran formula and 180 women were selected through stratified sampling with proportional allocation. In this study, the research tool was a research-made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by professors of Tehran University and its reliability measured by calculating Cronbach-Alpha coefficient (α˃0.8). Data analysis was done through SPSS software. The results showed that more than half of rural women had moderate to high tendency to occupation. Moreover, the findings revealed that there was no significant difference between different rural women groups in terms of marital status, membership in rural institutions, receiving loans, occupational status with their tendency to occupation. The results of the research also indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the amount of studying per day and the husband’s/father’s opinion to women’s occupation and rural women’s tendency to occupation. In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between the patriarchal in the family and rural women’s tendency to occupation whereas the relationship between freedom of social movement and their tendency to occupation was not significant. In addition, under 20-year-old rural women as well as rural women with higher education had more tendency to occupation.

منابع و مأخذ:

-   Agahi, H. Mirakzadeh, A.A. & Taghibaygi, M. (2012). Prioritization of effective factors in the development of household jobs in West Islamabad, Women & Sociology, 3(3), 181-202. (Persian)

-   Ajzen, J., Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude- behavior relations: A Theoretical analysis and review of empirical research, Psychological Bulletin, 84, 888- 918.

-   Amini, A., & Ahmadi Shapourabadi, M. (2007). Occupation of rural women in two counties Borkhar-Meime and Flavarjan of Isfahan Province and evaluating its effect on their economic self-sufficiency, Women Studies, 5(1), 65-91. (Persian)

-   Azimi, L. (2001). Investigating effecive facors on women’s social participation, case study Shiraz City, MSc thesisi in sociology, Shiraz University, Shiraz. (Persian)

-   Jamshidi, A., Sidaee, S.E., Jamshidi, M. & Jamini, D. (2013). Analysing effects of nomadic women’s occupation on their households economy (case study: nomads in Chardavol County), Journal of Zonal Planning, 3(12), 83-92. (Persian)

- Mooney, L. A., Knox, D & Schacht, C. (2000). Understanding social problem, London: Wadswort.

-   Nakhoda, M., Rahimian, S., Esmaieli Givi, M.R. (2014). Explaining effective factors on female’s psychological empowerment in information and knowledge services, Women in Development & Politics, 12(3), 469-488. (Persian)

-   Noori, S.H. & Ali Mohamadi, N. (2009). An analysis of rural women economical activities (case study: Baraan region_ Isfahan city), Geography and Environmental Planning, 20(2), 87-104. (Persian)

-   Nouripour, M., Tavakoli Tabar, Z. & Mirzaee, Sh. (2014). Analysis of social capital in rural women members and non-members of the cooperatives; The case of central District of Choram County, Women in Development&  Politics, 12(1), 135-151. (Persian)

-   Rezaei, R. & Vadadi, E. (2014). Identifying and analyzing barriers of women’s economic participation in rural areas of Zanjan Province (case study: Abharroud Township), Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics andDevelopment, 45(3), 501-510. (Persian)

-   Rezaei, R. & Zarei, S. (2014). Viewpoints of rural women on effect of social capital components on their empowerment (Case study: Hassan- Khan village, Ghorveh Township, Women in Development & Politics, 12(2), 287-304. (Persian)

-   Safiri, Kh. (2001). Barriers and problems of women’s occupation and its consequences, Job and Society, 39. (Persian)

-   Savari, M., Mokhlesabadi Farahani, M., Saki, S., & Shabanali Fami, H. (2014). Analysis the attitude of rural women in Divandarreh County toward handicrafts sector employment, Research and Rural Planning, 2(4), 259-286. (Persian)

-   Sharbatian, M. H. (2009). Social aspects and barriers of women’s employment, Peyke Nour, 7(3), 85-95. (Persian)

-   Taghavi, N. & Soltani, M. (2009). Investigating relative factors to female students’ tendency to outdoor occupation, Sociology, 1(3), 149-167. (Persian)

-   Taghibaygi, M., Agahi, H. & Mirakzadeh, A.A. (2014). A study of barriers and suitable solution in development of rural household jobs from the perspective of rural women and expert in the city of West Islamabad, Journal of Rural Research, 5(2), 283-310. (Persian)

-   Talebi Far, A.M. (2001). Investigating socio economic effective factors on women’s occupation, Ghaenat County, MSc. Thesis in sociology, Esfahan University, Esfahan. (Persian)

-   Tavassoli, A. & Rafiee Khonani, F. (2008). A survey about the factors affecting women’s tendency toward getting a job outside the home (A case study of Medical services insurance organization), Social Science Research, 2(2), 5-33. (Persian)

-   Yaghoubi Farani, A., Soleimani, A. & Movahhedi, R. (2015). Analysis of effective factors on rural women’s entrepreneurship, Women’s Studies (Sociological & Psychological), 12(4), 7-42. (Persian)

-   Yaghoubi Farani, A., Vahdat Moaddab, H. & Latifi, S. (2014). Identifying inhibitions of rural women’s trend to home businesses (Case study: Sardrod district, Razan County), Women in Development & Politics, 11(4), 559-574. (Persian)

-   Zaare, B. & Mir Bagheri, A. (2013). Individual and social factors related to rural women’s tendency to participate in micro-credit fund in Mazandaran, Social Welfare Quarterly, 12(46), 399-431. (Persian)