تأثیر سبک زندگی امروزی زنان بر میزان فرزندآوری؛ مطالعه موردی شهر قزوین
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعهفریبا پروینیان 1 , ولی اله رستمعلی زاده 2 , رضا حبیبی 3
1 - کارشناس مجلات علمی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی - قزوین
2 - استادیار جامعه شناسی توسعه مؤسسه مطالعات و مدیریت جامع و تخصصی جمعیت کشور.
3 - کارشناس ارشد آمار
کلید واژه: سبک زندگی, باروری, ارزش فرزندآوری, زنان شهر قزوین,
چکیده مقاله :
از آنجا که زنان همواره بهعنوان مقصد اصلی سیاستهای جمعیتی میباشند، این تحقیق به تبیین سبک زندگی امروزی زنان پرداخته و تأثیر آن را در میزان فرزندآوری آنها بررسی کرده و با توجه به نظرات آنتونی گیدنز که سبک زندگی را طیفی از عملکردها، نگرشها، رفتارها، بینشها، سلایق و فعالیتهای روزمره میداند و تلفیق آن با تئوریهای انگیزش بهویژه انتقال دوم جمعیتی با رویکرد تحلیل سطح فردی به ارائهی مدل پرداخته است، پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، یک تحقیق کاربردی و از نظر شیوهی جمعآوری اطلاعات، توصیفی ـ پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق زنان 15 تا 45 سال شهر قزوین هستند و حجم نمونه نیز 400 نفر است که از طریق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته، اطلاعات جمعآوری شده، پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از ضریب لاوشه مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. جهت بررسی فرضیات نیز از روشهای همبستگی و رگرسیون استفاده شد. یافتههای این تحقیق نشان میدهند که سبک زندگی زنان امروزی در جهت دستیابی به وسایل لازم برای محقق ساختن خویشتن است که این مقصد با کنش فرزندآوری در تعارض است. بنابراین زنان سعی میکنند به طور اصولی، نابرابریهای موجود را به میزان دلخواه تغییر دهند. لذا همانگونه که یافتههای این تحقیق نشان میدهد، بیشترین تأثیر تمایل کم فرزندآوری در زنان در دو مؤلفهی گرایش و تغییر وضعیت سیاسی و اجتماعی خود را نشان میدهند. در این زمینه میتوان با بهرهمند شدن از روشهای تغییر بینش، گرایش و رفتار و تلاش در جهت استحکام وضعیت حقوقی و اجتماعی زنان، آنان را با سیاستهای جدید جمعیتی کشور همراه ساخت.
Since women have been the main target of any demographic policies, this study explains the modern lifestyle of women and its effects on their low fertility. Anthony Giddens views lifestyle as a spectrum of functions, attitudes, behaviors, insights, tastes and everyday activities and integrates it with motivational theories, especially the second-demographic transition with an individual-level analysis approach to present the model.This study is an applied one in terms of goal, and is descriptive in terms of its data collection method. This study examines the fundamental elements of women’s lifestyle including insights, attitudes, behavior and the status of current actors in society with individual level analysis approach. The statistic population of this research includes 400 Qazvinian women aged between 15 to 45 and the data is obtained through a questionnaire. Findings show that women’s modern lifestyle encourages women toward striving for self-realization which is in contradiction with child bearing. Hence, women try to basically change inequalities to their own satisfaction. As the findings indicate, the greatest impact of women’s low tendency toward child bearing is felt in two elements of lifestyle attitude and socio-political changes. By utilizing methods for changing insight, attitude and behavior and strive for strengthening women’s legal and social status, one can bring women to accompany new demographic policies of the country.
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