مطالعه خود ارزیابی سلامت میان سالمندان ساکن شهرهای شیراز و یاسوج سال 1394
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعهمجید موحدمجد 1 , صدیقه جهانبازیان 2
1 - دانشیار دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی.
2 - کارشناس ارشد جمعیت شناسی شیراز، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی
کلید واژه: عزت نفس, حمایت اجتماعی, خودارزیابی سلامت, سالمندان, سابقه بیماری, رفتار سلامت,
چکیده مقاله :
سلامت درک شده راهی است برای بررسی وضعیت سلامت افراد که اطلاعات کامل در حیطههای بیولوژیکی، ذهنی، عملکردی و معنوی از سلامت فرد را مشخص میکند. بررسی وضعیت سلامتی افراد از نگاه خودشان یک سنجه مهم از نظر وضعیت سلامت عمومی جامعه است. خودارزیابی سلامت توسط فرد یک شاخص شناخته شده بین المللی است که برای سنجش وضعیت سلامت افراد در پژوهشهای سلامت همگانی و اپیدمیولوژی دارای کاربردی گسترده است. هدف از این پژوهش مطالعه خودارزیابی سلامت میان سالمندان ساکن شهر شیراز و یاسوج است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را افراد سالمند بالای 65 سال ساکن شهر شیراز و یاسوج تشکیل داده است و برای گردآوری دادهها تعداد 760 نفر (400 نفر در شیراز، 360 نفر در یاسوج) از آنان را به عنوان نمونه به شیوه نمونهگیری خوشه ایی مرحله ای انتخاب شدهاند. در این پژوهش روش پیمایش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از راه نرم افزار رایانهای SPSS در دو سطح آمار توصیفی و استنباطی انجام گرفت. میانگین و انحراف معیار چهار بعد سلامت سالمندان مورد پژوهش 95/14± 18/75 بود که 8/63 درصد آنها وضعیت سلامت ادراک شده خود را در حد متوسط ارزیابی نمودند. متغیرهای جمعیتی مانند سن، تحصیلات، وضعیت اشتغال، وضعیت تاهل، قومیت، تعداد فرزندان، طبقه اقتصادی- اجتماعی، سابقه بیماری با خودارزیابی سلامت سالمندان رابطهای معنیدار داشتند. بین جنس و خودارزیابی سلامت رابطهای معنیدار وجود نداشت. همچنین، متغیرهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی مانند رفتارهای سلامت، حمایت اجتماعی، عزت نفس، مصرف رسانه، ارتباط و صمیمیت با فرزندان و ارتباط با دوستان با خودارزیابی سلامت رابطهای معنیدار داشتند. آماره ضریب تعیین 2R نیز نشان میدهد که حدود چهل درصد تغییرات متغیر وابسته یعنی)خودارزیابی سلامت( توسط هفت متغیر مستقل که در معادله باقی ماندهاند و شامل عزت نفس، سابقه بیماری، تعداد فرزندان، رفتار سلامت، قومیت، تحصیلات، حمایت اجتماعی هستند تبیین میشود.اینکه فرد نسبت به خود چه احساسی داشته باشد و برای خود چه مقدار ارزش و اهمیت بداند، میتواند بر خودارزیابی سلامت تاثیر بگذارد این مطالعه نشان داد، وضعیت سلامت سالمندان شهر شیراز و یاسوج در حد متوسط بوده که نیازمند حمایت خانوادهها و مسئولان میباشند و وضعیت سلامت سالمندان شهر شیراز و یاسوج از عوامل فرهنگی- اجتماعی تاثیر میپذیرد.
Self-Assessed health is a way to assess the quality of that information in the area of biological, mental and spiritual health function specifies. Studying on the persons' health status from their viewpoint is an important evaluation in terms of public health status of society. Health self- assessment by a person is an international known index and has a wide usage for the persons’ health status in Public Health Research and epidemiology. The aim of this study is to assess the health of the elderly in the city of Shiraz and Yasuj.The population includes elderly people over 65 years who are residents of Shiraz and Yasuj of whom 760 elders were selected as a sample by random clustering sampling method. Analysis of the data was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS software. The average of four aspects of the health was 75.18 ± 14.95 that 63.8 percent of them found their health status in the mean level. Demographic variables such as age, education, socio-economic class, employment status, marital status, ethnicity, the number of children, the history of patient had significant relation with self-assessment health. There was no significant relation between gender and health self-assessment. In addition, the cultural and social values such as health behaviors, social support, self-esteem, using media, having intimate relation with children and friends have a significant relation with self-assessment health. Determination coefficient statistic R2 also shows that 40 percent of changes of related variable (self-assessment) are explained by seven independent variables that remain in the equation and include self- esteem, the patient history, the number of children, health behavior, ethnicity, education, social support. How anybody feels about itself and how much value has considered for him, can effect on health assessment. This study showes that the status of health in Shiraz and Yasuj was in the mean level and needs the support of authorities and families.
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