ارزیابی تفاوت مکانی سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود وضعیت تولیدی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان سیرجان)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

ژاله کورکی نژاد ¹

1 - استادیار سیاست و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/21 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01

کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, مناطق روستایی, سیرجان, کارایی تولید,

چکیده مقاله :

اقتصاد روستایی شهرستان سیرجان به دلیل وجود پتانسیلهای کافی وابسته به تولید پسته است. اما به دلائل مختلف تولید کشاورزان در سطح بهینه نیست و درصد زیادی از منابع تولیدی هدر می‌رود. این مسئله سبب کاهش درآمد و بروز فقر به ویژه برای کشاورزان خرد می‌شود. گسترش و تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان یک عامل تولید نرم‌افزاری و مؤثر بر وضعیت تولیدی کشاورزان در کنار سایر منابع سرمایه فیزیکی می‌تواند کمکی به کشاورزان در جهت بهبود شرایط تولیدی و درآمدی آنها باشد. در این مطالعه وضعیت کارایی کشاورزان ساکن روستاهای شهرستان سیرجان که تولید پسته اصلی‌ترین منبع معیشت آنهاست، با توجه به سرمایه اجتماعی می‌باشد. بنابراین ابتدا شاخص سرمایه اجتماعی با استفاده از نظر پاتنام در موقعیتهای جغرافیایی متفاوت روستاهای سیرجان محاسبه و کارایی تولید کشاورزان در حضور این عامل با روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها تعیین شد. سپس با کاربرد مدل توبیت عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی فنی کشاورزان شناسایی شد. آمار و اطلاعات مربوط به سال 98-1397 با استفاده از پرسشنامه که روایی و پایایی آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، جمع‌آوری شد. بر طبق یافته‌ها، روستاهای واقع در شمال و شرق شهرستان سیرجان از نظر سرمایه اجتماعی در سطح متوسط و روستاهای واقع در بخش غربی و جنوبی از نظر ابعاد اعتماد و هنجارها و انسجام اجتماعی در سطح متوسط ولی از نظر شبکه ارتباطات و مشارکت اجتماعی در سطح پایین ارزیابی شدند. با احتساب سرمایه اجتماعی مقادیر کارایی فنی در بین باغات واقع در شمال، شرق و غرب و جنوب به ترتیب 78/0، 72/0 و 43/0 تعیین شد. همچنین در تحلیل توبیت دیده شد که متغیرهای تحصیلات، تجربه، داشتن شغل دوم، شرکت در کلاسهای آموزشی، مکان جغرافیایی باغ، نوع سیستم آبیاری، عملکرد محصول، میزان مصرف آب و عامل سرمایه اجتماعی سبب ارتقای کارایی و اندازه باغ و فاصله روستا از شهر کارایی کشاورزان را کاهش داده است. در شرایطی که کشاورزان با محدودیتهای اجتماعی، نهادی و اقتصادی روبه‌رو هستند و با افزایش نهاده های معمول و گرانقیمت مثل سرمایه و نیروی کار دچار مشکل هستند، تقویت ابعاد مختلف سرمایه اجتماعی می‌تواند تولید و کارایی کشاورزان را افزایش و فقر را کاهش دهد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The rural economy of Sirjan is dependent on pistachio production due to the existence of sufficient potentials. However, for various reasons, farmer’s production is not at optimal level and a large percentage of scarce resources are wasted. This situation reduces farmer’s income and causes poverty, especially for small farmers. Strengthening social capital as a software factor, that affect production along with other sources of physical capital can help farmers to improve their production and income. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of farmers living in rural areas of Sirjan, where pistachio production is their main source of livelihood, considering the role of social capital. Therefore, social capital index was calculated using Putnam idea in different geographical locations of villages and then production efficiency of farmers in the presence of this factor was determined using data envelopment analysis method. Finally, by using Tobit model, the factors affecting the technical efficiency of farmers were identified. Statistics were collected in 2018-2019 using a questionnaire that its validity and reliability were examined.
According to the findings, different dimension of social capital for villages located in the north and east of Sirjan city were at average level. Nevertheless, for villages located in the western and southern regions, trust, norms and social cohesion dimensions were at average level, but for communication network and social participation dimension were determined at low level. Taking into account social capital, technical efficiency scores among the gardens located in the north, east, west and south were determined to be 0.78, 0.72 and 0.43, respectively. Also Tobit analysis showed that education, experience, having second job, attending educational classes, geographical location of the garden, type of irrigation system, crop yield, water consumption and social capital factor improve the production efficiency but garden size and the distance from the villages to the city had negative effect on efficiency. In a situation where farmers face social, institutional and economic restrictions and have difficulty in increase common and expensive inputs such as capital and labor, strengthening the various dimensions of social capital can increase agricultural production and reduce poverty.

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