بررسی عوامل موثر بر مشارکت جوامع روستایی و عشایری در مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی: مطالعه موردی جنگل های پسته وحشی و بادام وحشی شهرستان بافت

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

شجاع موسی پور سیاه جل ¹ , محمود هاشمی تبار ² , مهدی صفدری ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، دانشکده اقتصاد، زاهدان، ایران.
2 - استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان،دانشکده اقتصاد، زاهدان، ایران.
3 - دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، دانشکده اقتصاد، زاهدان، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/04/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: مدل لاجیت, جنگل‌داری مشارکتی, روستایی و عشایری, شهرستان بافت,

چکیده مقاله :

در استان کویری کرمان پوشش جنگلی شهرستان بافت از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است و عمده جنگل‌ها این شهرستان را جنگل‌های پسته وحشی و بادام وحشی تشکیل می‌دهند. در طی دو دهه اخیر مناطق جنگلی شهرستان بافت به‌علت به هم زدن چرخه طبیعت و عدم آگاهی جوامع از اهمیت جنگل‌ها، با بحران و چالش تخریب روبه‌رو شده‌ است. از این رو، تدوین برنامه‌ریزی مناسب برای جلوگیری از تخریب بیشتر و مدیریت جامع به منظور، حفظ و احیاء این جنگل‌ها ضروری است. بنابراین، تحقیق حاضر با اهدف بررسی عوامل موثر بر مشارکت محلی جامعه جنگل نشینان روستایی و عشایری و بررسی تمایل به تغییر ساختار مدیریتی از مدیریت دولتی به مدیریت محلی برای حفاظت و جلوگیری از تخریب جنگل‌ها شهرستان بافت با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون لاجیت(Logit) پرداخته است. ما روستاها و سکونت‌گاه‌های عشایری را به‌عنوان یک مطالعه موردی مورد مطالعه قرار دادیم و برای داده‌های مورد نیاز تحقیق 197 پرسشنامه با استفاده از طیف لیکرت طراحی شد و در تابستان و پاییز 1398 به صورت تصادفی در بین اهالی مناطق روستایی و عشایری که در حوضه جنگل‌ها زندگی می‌کردند، توزیع و جمع آوری شد. برای برآورد مدل و تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها کمی و کیفی از نرم افزارهای Stata15 و N Logit 5 استفاده شد. نتایج آماری نشان داد، آقایان با مشارکت 72 درصدی نسبت به مشارکت 28 درصدی بانوان از تمایل بیش‌تری به مشارکت در حفاظت از جنگل‌ها دارند. یافته‌های مدل رگرسیون لاجیت نشان داد، متغیرهای اقتصادی - اجتماعی، متغیرهای تهدیدات درونی اکوسیستم و متغیر انجمن جنگل‌داری تاثیر معنا‌داری در سطوح 1%، 5% و 10% بر مدل مشارکت جهت حفاظت و جلوگیری از تخریب جنگل‌ها دارند. همچنین، شبیه‌سازی(simulation) مدل روی سه متغیر سن، تحصیلات و درآمد، خروجی مدل لاجیت را تایید کرد. با توجه به یافته تحقیق، به سیاست‌گزاران منطقه‌ای توصیه می‌شود در مناطق جنگلی پیرامون روستاها و سکونتگاه‌های عشایری جهت حفاظت و جلوگیری از تخریب جنگل‌ها انجمن‌های جنگل‌داری با مشارکت جوامع محلی تشکیل شود. همچنین، با تغییر نوع مالکیت جنگل‌ها از دولت به جامعه محلی می‌توان جنگل‌‌ها را در مقابل هر گونه تهدید یا بحران‌ حفاظت کرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In Kerman desert province, the forest part in Baft county largely covered by wild pistachio and wild almond trees is of great significance. During the last two decades, the forest areas of Baft County have faced a crisis and the challenge of destruction due to the disruption of the natural cycle and the lack of awareness of communities about the importance of forests. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate planning to prevent further degradation and comprehensive management in order to preserve and rehabilitate these forests. Therefore, the present study purposes to investigate the factors affecting the local participation of rural and nomadic forest dwellers and to examine the willingness to change the management structure from public to local management to protect and prevent deforestation in Baft county using the logit regression model. We studied nomadic villages and settlements as a case study and for the data required for the research, 197 questionnaires were designed using the Likert scale and in the summer and autumn of 1398 randomly among rural residents Nomads living in the forest basin were distributed and collected. Stata15 and N Logit 5 software were used for model estimation and quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Statistical results showed that men with a participation of 72% are more inclined to participate in forest protection than women with a participation of 28%. Findings of the Logit regression model showed that socio-economic variables, variables of internal ecosystem threats and forestry association variables have a significant effect at the levels of 1%, 5% and 10% on the participation model to protect and prevent deforestation. Also, the model simulation on the three variables of age, education and income confirmed the output of the logit model. According to the research findings, regional policymakers are highly advised to form forestry associations with the participation of local communities in the forest areas around the villages and nomadic settlements to protect and prevent deforestation. Also, by adjusting the type of forest ownership from the government to the local community, forests can be protected against any threat or crisis.

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