سنجش و تحلیل منطقه ای نظام توزیع شرکت های دانش بنیان در کلان شهرها (مطالعه موردی: 22 منطقه کلان شهر تهران)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مجید اکبری ¹ , نازنین زهرا ستوده ² , کژال یاسمی ³ , فاطمه فکری ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری رشته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
3 - کارشناس ارشد رشته علوم اقتصادی گرایش توسعه، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری رشته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، پردیس بین المللی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/09/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/01/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/09/01

کلید واژه: ویکور, تحلیل منطقه ای, شرکت های دانش‌بنیان, همبستگی فضایی موران, کلان‌شهر تهران,

چکیده مقاله :

در حال حاضر آینده اقتصادی جهان با اقتصاد دانش بنیان در کلان­شهرهای جهان، به‌عنوان مکان­های اصلی توسعه، رقابت فزاینده­ای برای جذب و توسعه فعالیت­های دانش بنیان و ارتقای مزیت­های رقابتی خود گره خورده و گویا در بزنگاه کلان­شهرهای امروزی، کلیدواژە گشایش قفل دشواری­های مدیریتی، واژگان دانش و پژوهش است. در این بین کلان‌شهر تهران هم باسابقه طولانی پایتخت بودن در دهه­های اخیر بستری مناسب برای استقرار شرکت­های دانش بنیان را در پهنه خود فراهم کرده است ولی طبق شواهد موجود این شرکت­ها در سطح مناطق شهر به‌صورت برنامه­ریزی شده توزیع نشده است. در این امتداد این تحقیق با هدف سنجش و تحلیل منطقه­ای نظام توزیع شرکت­های دانش بنیان در مناطق 22 گانه شهر تهران صورت گرفته است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. برای تجزیه‌ و تحلیل داده­ها از مدل وزن­دهی آنتروپی شانون و تکنیک ویکور و از روش همبستگی فضایی موران در محیط نرم­افزاریARC GIS  استفاده‌شده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که از نظر تجمع و برخورداری از شرکت­های دانش بنیان، منطقه 3 با میزان ویکور(0) در جایگاه نخست و مناطق 6 با میزان ویکور(012/0) و 2 با میزان ویکور(410/0) به ترتیب در جایگاه‌های دوم و سوم قرارگرفته است. در مقابل مناطق 13 با میزان ویکور(9991/0)،  17 با میزان ویکور(9995/0) و منطقه 19 با میزان ویکور(1) به ترتیب در جایگاه 20، 21 و 22 قرار گرفتند. همچنین نتایج دیگر پژوهش نشان داد که بیشتر شرکت­ها در هسته مرکزی شهر تمرکز یافته‌اند و توزیع شرکت­ها دانش­بنیان در بین مناطق از الگوی استقرار زیرساخت­ها و خدمات پیشرفته در پهنه شهر، به­صورت خوشه­ای و جهت­دار است و به مناطق مرکزی و نیمه شمالی سوق دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract
           The present economic future of the world is intertwined with the knowledge-based economy in the metropolis of the world, as the key places of development, the increasing competition for the absorption and development of knowledge-based activities and the enhancement of its competitive advantage at the macro level. Today's cities are the key to unlocking management difficulties, the vocabulary of knowledge and research. Meanwhile, Tehran's metropolitan area, with its long history of capital in recent decades, has provided a good base for establishing knowledge-based companies in its area, but according to available evidence, these companies have not been planned as planned at city level. Is. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the distribution system of knowledge based companies in 22 regions of Tehran. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Shannon entropy weighting model and Vikor technique were used for data analysis and Moran's spatial correlation method in ARC GIS software environment was used. The results of this study showed that in terms of accumulation and enjoyment of knowledge-based companies, Area 3 with VICOR (0) in the first place and Region 6 with VICOR (0.012) and 2 with Vikor (0.410). It is ranked second and third, respectively. In contrast, areas 13 with Vikor (0.9991), 17 with Vikor (0.9995) and Area 19 with Vikor (1) were ranked 20, 21 and 22, respectively. Other results also show that most companies are concentrated in the city core, and the distribution of knowledge-based firms across regions is based on the pattern of deploying advanced infrastructure and services across the city, in a cluster-oriented manner. It is central to the central and northern regions.
 
 
Keywords: Regional Analysis, Knowledge Base Companies, Moran's Spatial Solidarity, Vikor, Tehran Metropolis.
 



 


 
 



 
 
 
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
         Given the importance of this issue in today's metropolitan area, the key to unlocking managerial difficulties is the vocabulary of knowledge and research. At present, the economic future of the world is intertwined with the knowledge-based economy in the metropolis of the world, as the key places of development, increasing competition for the absorption and development of knowledge-based activities and enhancing its competitive advantage. To this end, several theories have been put forward on the factors affecting urban economic development and on the recognition of drivers of urban competitiveness, which focus on the fact that urban economy development and competitiveness enhance the development of knowledge based industries (such as financial services, legal services). , Accounting and auditing, information and communication technology, R&D research and higher education, and the creative industries (such as art, entertainment, architectural and advertising media services). Therefore, urban managers should promote the quality of cities so as to attract the "creative class". Competitive cities are therefore the cities of the creative and knowledge-based, and urban competitiveness depends on the development and expansion of these industries that make the most of globalization processes (such as expanding markets through the possibility of communication).
Methodology:
       In the present study, the type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Libraries and documents method (Statistical Yearbook of Tehran City and Knowledge Atlas of Tehran City Foundation) were used to collect the required data. The studied geographical area is Tehran metropolis and its 22 regions based on the political divisions of 2016. Shannon entropy methods, Vikor's multi-criteria decision making technique, and Moran's spatial autocorrelation method were also used to analyze the data. In total, 19 indicators of knowledge-based activities were used in this study.
Findings:
          Today, in the new global economy, metropolises play an important role in national, regional and global economies. As in most developed and even developing countries, metropolises have a large share of the countries' GDP. Leading the economic role of metropolises in recent decades has a great deal to do with the globalization of the economy and the tendency to adopt knowledge-based activities. This study aimed to measure and analyze the regional distribution of knowledge-based firms in 22 metropolitan areas of Tehran using quantitative models. The results of the study using the Vikor model showed that the area of ​​3 cities with the least amount of vicar (0) in terms of company concentration and concentration in the first place, 6 areas with Vikor (0.012) and 2 with Vikor (0.410). 0) Ranked second and third respectively. In contrast, areas 13 with Vikor (0.9991), 17 with Vikor (0.9995) and Area 19 with Vikor (1) were ranked 20, 21 and 22 respectively. Overall, the distribution of knowledge companies across regions follows the pattern of deploying advanced infrastructure and services across the city, and this pattern is clustered and oriented to central and regional areas. The northern half of the direction. This pattern of ownership is also center-peripheral, and not all urban areas benefit equally from these companies. This way of locating companies in Tehran indicates that advanced infrastructure and facilities play a major role in corporate location distribution behavior, access to other knowledge-based services, reducing labor costs from Proximity to the CBD of the city, proximity to other companies to increase productivity has played an important role in the distribution and location of knowledge-based companies in the city.
Conclusion:
          Given that the global cities are now strategic locations for locating advanced services and knowledge-based economic activities, they are therefore important for the development of advanced services and the direction of metropolitan economies. The activities of the scholars must first provide the background for their entry into and connection with the network of global cities. From the spatial and functional aspect of Tehran metropolis, it has more and more share of advanced production services in the city network and very weak linkage due to lack of need, internal and external laws and regulations, low competitive power of knowledge based companies. Located in this metropolis, it has advanced global city network production services and does not play a more effective role in this global network, with more than 90% of its output without foreign customers (most corporate clients and government agencies). And the absence of banks and centers of globalized companies. Urban planning in the past decade, despite the emphasis on macro policies on the necessity of developing a knowledge-based economy in Tehran's metropolitan area, in the executive dimension, has provided the appropriate spatial policies for capacity building for the development of these types of firms. has not done. Therefore, urban management in preparing urban development plans should have a greater vision of population and residential planning in urban areas and with physical and spatial planning for backgrounds and proponents of deployment of functions and Urban development provided the knowledge and given the significant relationship between science and research centers and corporate density, spatial planning to strengthen these relationships and provide peripheral spaces and pay attention to this issue in spatial development plans. A city is a must.

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