مقایسه تاثیرآموزش مفاهیم ذهن خوانی و درمان پاسخ محور بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان با اختلال طیف اوتیسم
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
مریم افلاکی ناصری
1
,
محمدرضا زربخش بحری
2
,
شهنام ابوالقاسمی
3
,
طاهر تیزدست
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.
3 - دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.
4 - استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.
کلید واژه: درمان ذهن خوانی, اوتیسم, کارکردهای اجرایی, درمان پاسخ محور, کودکان,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش درمان پاسخ محور و درمان ذهن خوانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان طیف اوتیسم انجام شد. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون – پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این مطالعه، کودکان اوتستیک شهر لاهیجان بودند. نمونه تحقیق شامل 45 نفر از کودکان 6 تا 13 سال مبتلا به اوتیسم بودند که به شیوه تصادفی ساده از جامعه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها پرسشنامه کارکردهای اجرایی بریف(Gioia, 2000) بود که توسط والدین تکمیل شد. پس از اجرای پیش آزمون، کودکان اوتیسم به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه (دو گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل) 15 نفره جایگزین شدند. سپس گروه آموزش مفاهیم ذهن خوانی به مدت 10 جلسه و گروه درمان پاسخ محور به مدت 7 جلسه تحت آموزش انفرادی قرار گرفتند. پس از اتمام مداخلات، پس آزمون به عمل آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد درمان پاسخ محور و درمان ذهن خوانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان اوتیسم موثر است و درمان ذهن خوانی نسبت به آموزش درمان پاسخ محور در میزان مولفه های کارکردهای اجرایی اثربخشی بیشتری دارد (01/0> P). نتیجه آزمون ال اس دی نشان می دهد بین اثربخشی درمان ذهن خوانی و پاسخ محور بر تنظیم رفتار(01/0>P) و نیز فراشناخت (01/0>P) کودکان تفاوت آماری معنی داری وجود دارد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد نمرات گروه های مداخله در مقایسه با گروه کنترل در مقیاس کارکردها ی اجرایی تغییرات معنی داری داشت. کارکردهای اجرایی پس از انجام مداخلات افزایش یافته و این افزایش در گروه ذهن خوانی بیشتر بوده است. استفاده از این دوروش به درمانگران، روانشناسان و مربیانی که در راستای آموزش به کودکان اوتستیک فعالیت می کنند پیشنهاد می شود.
This study aimed to compare the effect of training pivotal response treatment principles and training Theory of mind principles on executive functions in kids with autism disorder. The method was half- experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted children with autism disorder in Lahijan city. After assessing, 45 child between 6-13 years old were chosen and then randomly divided into three groups of 15, two intervention groups and a control group.Data collection tool was BRIFF executive functions questionnaire which was completed by parents For the first intervention group, the Pivotal response treatment in 7 sessions and for the second group Theory of Mind principals were taught in 10 sessions and the control group did not receive any training.At the end of training post-test was conducted. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis. The findings showed that intervention groups were significantly different in the post-test, compared to the control group in executive function. The rate of executive functions incerease after intervention and the size of this increase was higher in the theory of mind training group. The result showed that theory of mind training has great effect than PRT training on increasing self-differentiation (P<0/01). The result of LSD test shows the difference between the effectiveness of mind reading and response-oriented therapy on behavior regulation (P <0.01) and metacognition (P <0.01) in children. There is a statistically significant. The results showed that the scores of the intervention groups were significantly different from the control group in the scale of executive functions. Executive functions increased after the interventions and this increase was more in the mind reading group. Findings showed that mind reading training has a greater effect on increasing executive functions than response therapy training. The use of these two methods is recommended to therapists, psychologists and educators who work to educate children with autism.
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