اثربخشی آموزش ایمن‌سازی در برابر استرس بر حس عاملیت، تنظیم هیجانی، میزان گرایش به خودارضایی و هرزه‌نگاری اینترنتی در دانشآموزان پسر مقطع متوسطۀ دوم پایۀ دوازده شهر اهواز
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
فریده نریمیسایی
1
,
سحر صفرزاده
2
,
فاطمه سادات مرعشیان
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری روانشاسی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: تنظیم هیجان, حس عاملیت, دانشآموزان پسر, ایمن‌سازی در برابر استرس, گرایش به خودارضایی, هرزه‌نگاری اینترنتی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش ایمن‌سازی در برابر استرس بر حس عاملیت، تنظیم هیجانی، میزان گرایش به خودارضایی و هرزه‌نگاری اینترنتی در دانشآموزان پسر مقطع متوسطۀ دوم پایۀ دوازده شهر اهواز انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع نیمه‌‌آزمایشی بـا طرح پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و گـروه گواه بـود. جامعـۀ آمـاری ایـن پژوهـش، کلیۀ دانشآموزان پسر مقطع متوسطۀ دوم پایۀ دوازده پسر شهر اهواز در سال تحصیلی 1399-1400 بودکـه از میان آن‌ها 50 نفر، به روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای مرحلۀ‌ای انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در گروه آزمایش و گروه گواه (هر گروه 25 نفر) گمارده شدند. گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش ایمن‌سازی در برابر استرس مایکنباوم (2008) طی 8 جلسۀ 90 دقیقه‌ای قرار گرفتند و برای گروه گواه مداخله‌ای انجام نشد. ابزارهای مـورد اسـتفاده شامل مقیاس حس عاملیت (Polito et al., 2013)، پرسشنامۀ سبک‌های تنظیم شناختی هیجان فرم کوتاه (Garnefski et al., 2002)، پرسشنامۀ گرایش به خودارضایی (Jozak, 2017) و پرسشنامۀ ولع در هرزه‌نگاری اینترنتی (Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014) بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری و تعقیبی بونفرونی در نرم افزار SPSS-23 تحلیل شدند. نتایـج تحلیل داده‌هـا نشـان داد کـه آموزش ایمن‌سازی در برابر استرس بـر حس عاملیت، تنظیم هیجان، میزان گرایش به خودارضایی و هرزه‌نگاری اینترنتی نسبت به گروه گواه در دانشآموزان پسر تأثیر مثبتی داشته است (001/0>P). نتایج در مرحلۀ پیگیری نیز پایدار بود. نتایـج نشـان‌دهندۀ اثربخشی آموزش ایمن‌سازی در برابر استرس بـر حس عاملیت، تنظیم هیجان، میزان گرایش به خودارضایی و هرزه‌نگاری اینترنتی در دانشآموزان پسر مقطع متوسطۀ دوم پایۀ دوازده بـود.
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress immunization training on the sense of agency, emotion regulation, tendency to masturbate, and online pornography in male 12th grade upper secondary school students in Ahvaz. This study was a quasi-experimental one with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population of this study included all male 12th grade upper secondary school students in Ahvaz in the academic year 2020-2021. Among them, 50 male students of the 12th grade of upper secondary school were selected using multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group (25 people in each group). The experimental group underwent Meichenbaum’s (2008) stress immunization training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group received no intervention. The instruments used included Sense of Agency Scale (Polito et al., 2013), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short) (Garnefski et al., 2002), Masturbation Tendency Questionnaire (Jozak, 2017), and the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014). Data were analyzed using Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-23 software. The results of data analysis showed that stress immunization training had a positive effect on sense of agency, emotion regulation, tendency to masturbate, and Internet pornography in male students compared to the control group (P <0.001). The results in the follow-up phase were also stable. The results indicated the effectiveness of stress immunization training on the sense of agency, emotion regulation, the tendency to masturbate, and Internet pornography in male 12th grade upper secondary school students
Abdollahi, S. H., Zarani, F., & Fathabadi, J. (2018). The role of social support and resilience in quality of life among adolescents with Chronic renal failure. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 6(24), 31-52. [Persian]
Aghdasi, A., Aslfattahi, B., & Saed, M. (2013). The effect of immunization instruction against stress of examination anxiety and academic performance among first grade high-school female students. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 5(20), 33-48.
Alavi, S. S., Maracy, M. R., Jannatifard, F., Eslami, M., & Haghighi, M. (2010). A survey of relationship between psychiatric symptoms and internet addiction in students of Isfahan Universities. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine, 17(2), 57-65. [Persian]
Allen, A., Kannis-Dymand, L., & Katsikitis, M. (2017). Problematic internet pornography use: The role of craving, desire thinking, and metacognition. Addictive Behaviors, 70, 65-71
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2006). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). Wasington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. (DSM-5). Wasington, DC: Author.
Awan, H. A., Aamir, A., Diwan, M. N., Ullah, I., Pereira-Sanchez, V., Ramalho, R., ... & Virani, S. (2021). Internet and pornography use during the COVID-19 pandemic: presumed impact and what can be done. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 220.
Badri, R., Hossaini Nasab, D., & Rashidi, A. (2009). The effectiveness of stress inoculation training on test anxiety and educational performance of guidance school students of Orumia city. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 1(4), 43-74.
Basharpoor, S., & Ahmadi, S. (2017). Role of agency sense and alexithymia in prediction of resistance to change in drug abusers. Journal of Police Medicine. 6(3), 179-187.
Basharpour, S., & Ahmadi, Sh. (2017). The role of agency and alexithymia in predicting change resistance in substance users. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 3(6), 179-187. [Persian]
Birmavand, Y., Salehzadeh, M., & Asadi, S. (2019). Predicting the use of Internet pornography based on personality in married men and women in Isfahan. URL: http://repository.uma.ac.ir/id/eprint/10942. [Persian]
Borgogna, N. C., McDermott, R. C., Berry, A. T., & Browning, B. R. (2020). Masculinity and problematic pornography viewing: The moderating role of self-esteem. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 21(1), 81-94.
Brody, S. (2010). The relative health benefits of different sexual activities. The journal of sexual medicine, 7(4), 1336-1361.
Camilleri, C., Perry, J. T., & Sammut, S. (2020). Compulsive Internet Pornography Use and Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of University Students in the United States. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 32-44.
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Dunbar, J. P., Watson, K. H., Bettis, A. H., Gruhn, M. A., & Williams, E. K. (2014). Coping and emotion regulation from childhood to early adulthood: Points of convergence and divergence. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(2), 71-81.
Conner, M. (2008). Initiation and maintenance of health behaviors. Applied Psychology, 57(1), 42-50.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety, 18(2): 76-82.
Deireh, E., Nikbakht, N., & Fazli, S. (2017). Evaluation of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on sexual audacity and high-risk behaviors in homeless adolescents. Journal of Management Studies on Police Training. 11)2(, 117-132. [Persian]
Esmaeeli, M., Sabzian, S., Tavakoli, M., Mahdavi, S., & Yaghoobian, F. (2014). The effectiveness of stress inoculation training on strengths and difficulties in adolescent sons of veterans. Journal of Military Psychology, 5(17), 69-81.
Ferguson S. (2020). Does masturbation have positive or negative effects on the Brain? Medically reviewed by Janet Brito. Ph.D., LCSW, CST. Written by Sian Ferguson on January 28.
Garnefski, N., Legerstee, J., Kraaij, V., van Den Kommer, T., & Teerds, J. A. N. (2002). Cognitive coping strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A comparison between adolescents and adults. Journal of Adolescence, 25(6), 603-611.
Ghaemi, A. (2011). Family and sexual problems of children. Tehran: Parents and Educators Association Publications. [Persian]
Harper, C., & Hodgins, D. C. (2016). Examining correlates of problematic internet pornography use among university students. Journal of behavioral addictions, 5(2), 179-191.
Hasani, J., & Miraghaie, A. M. (2012). The relationship between strategies for cognitive regulation of emotions and suicidal ideation. Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association, 7(1), 61-72. [Persian]
Hashemi, Z. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Attention Training Techniques and Mental Immunization Training in Anxiety and Worry of Adolescents. Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 13(3), 240-249. [Persian]
Hashemian A. The relationship between self-satisfaction with religious attitude, self-efficacy and anxiety among adolescents. Master Thesis in Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud Branch, Shahroud. 2019. [Persian]
Hofmann, H. (2017). Emotion in therapy: from science to practice. In Shahram Mohammadkhani and Mahmoud Kharalaghi (eds). Tehran: Ibn Sina Publishing. [Persian]
Jahanfar, Sh., & Molayeinejad, M. (2011). Sexual disorders textbook. Tehran: Bijeh Publications. [Persian]
Kazemi, R. S. A., Saeidpoor, S., Noury, R., Ahmadi, F., & Parooi, M. (2017). The mediating role of test anxiety in relationship between procrastination with high-risk behaviors in students. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 4(2), 125-134. [Persian]
Khajeahmadi, M., Pooladi, S., & Bahreini, M. (2016). Design and assessment of psychometric properties of the Addiction to Mobile Questionnaire Based on Social Networks. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 4(4), 42-50. [Persian]
Khakpour, N., Mohamadzadeh Edmelaie, R., Sadeghi, J., & Nazoktabar, H. (2021). The effectiveness of cognitive-social problem-solving skills training on coping strategies and feelings of failure in female adolescents with high-risk behaviors. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 9(1), 77-88.
Khaleghian, A., Sajjadian, I., Fatehizade, M., & Manshaei, G. R. (2020). The Study of mediating role of attitude toward pornography and self–control in the relationship between religious commitment and tendency to internet pornography. Quarterly Social Psychology Research, 9(36), 55-72. [Persian]
Khanafereh, N., & Safarzadeh, S. (2019). Prediction of Self-Efficacy of Sexual Activity Based on Attachment Styles, Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Function in Married Female Nursing Students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 7(5), 28-35. [Persian]
Khanjani, M., Sohrabi, F., & Aazami, Y. (2018). The effectiveness of resilience and stress management training program on psychological well-being, meaning of life, optimism, and satisfaction of life in female-headed households. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(2), 1-11.
Kraus, S., Rosenberg, H. (2014). The pornography craving questionnaire: psychometric properties. Archive Sex Behaviours, 43(3), 451–462.
Lee, A., & Levy, Y. (2014). The effect of information quality on trust in e-government systems' transformation. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(1), 76-100
Mahmoodinia, S., Sepahmansoor, M., Emamipoor, S., & Hasani, F. (2018). Comparing the Efficacy of Aggression Replacement Training with Stress Inoculation Training on Impulsivity in Adolescents. Quarterly Social Psychology Research, 8(30), 1-18. [Persian]
Majdpour M, Shams M, Parhizkar S, Mousavizadeh, A, Rahimi Z. (2017). Informal sex education to adolescent girls through the empowerment of their mothers: a field trial. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 15(3), 267-279. [Persian]
Malek Ahmadi, H., Adlipour, S., & Pirnia, Z. (2014). Pathology of the effects of Internet pornography on couples' sexual relations. Media and Family, 10(2), 50-29. [Persian]
Manzari Tavakoli, V., Kadivar, P., Hasanabadi, H., & Arabzadeh, M. (2018). Effect of training on emotional processing strategies on academic adjustment of maladaptive students in Kerman. Journal of Psychological Science, 17(66), 246-258. [Persian]
Marashi, S. A., & Mehrabian, T. (2018). The Correlation Between Obsession-Compulsion, Impulsivity, Spiritual Health, Self-Esteem, and Sexual Masturbation in Students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz in 2016. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 16(12), 1138-1152. [Persian]
Masaeli, N., &Farhadi, H. (2021b). Internet addiction and depression in Iran: investigating the mediating roles of loneliness and disordered sleep and moderating role of gender. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, (Online) doi:10.1007/s10447-021-09447-9
Meichenbaum, D. (2003). Treatment of individuals with anger-control problems and aggressive behaviors. New York: Crown House Publishing.
Meichenbaum, D. (2017). The evolution of cognitive behavior therapy: A personal and professional journey with Don Meichenbaum. Taylor & Francis.
Mohammad Khani, Sh., Kuhsar, A. A., Soleimani, H., Etemadi, A., & Naghi, S. A. (2017). Predicting resilience based on cognitive emotion regulation components in people with HIV infection. Health Psychology, 6(1), 404-555. [Persian]
Molavi, N., Khosravifar, S., Ghazanfanpour, M., Najarzadegan, M. R., Saeidi, A., & Babakhanian, M. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 75-88. [Persian]
Mostofi, N., Garmaroudi, G., Shamshiri, A., & Shakibazadeh, E. (2016). Effect of group education on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of adolescent girls about sex education. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 14(3), 45-59. [Persian]
Oreg, S. (2003). Resistance to change: Developing an individual differences measure. Journal of applied psychology, 88(4), 680.
Oreg, S., Bayazit, M., Vakola, M., Arciniega, L., Armenakis, A., Barkauskiene, R., ... & Van Dam, K. (2008). Dispositional resistance to change: Measurement equivalence and the link to personal values across 17 nations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 935-44.
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2009). Adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit internet material and sexual satisfaction: A longitudinal study. Human Communication Research, 35(2), 171-194.
Polito, V., Barnier, A. J., & Woody, E. Z. (2013). Developing the Sense of Agency Rating Scale (SOARS): An empirical measure of agency disruption in hypnosis. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(3), 684-696.
Sadock, B.J. and Sadock, V.A. (2007) Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. 10th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
Safarzadeh, S., Savari, K., & Dashtbozorgi, Z. (2017). Comparison of distress tolerance, coping styles, spiritual intelligence and happiness among elderly men and women. Aging Psychology, 2(4), 237-248. [Persian]
Sanagoueizadeh, M., Etemadi, O., Ahmadi, S. A., & Jazayeri, R. A. S. (2019). The Effectiveness of Functional Family Counseling with an Islamic Approach on the Conflicts between Teenagers and Parents and the Attitude toward Parents. Research Family, 15(2), 83-104.
Sherdian, S. L. & Radmacher, S. A. (1992). Health Psychology: Challenging the biomedical model. NewYork: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sohrabi, F., Khanjani, M., Aazami, Y., Khanjani, E., Sharifi, P. M., & Froghi Neghad, E. (2019). The effectiveness of the Stress immunization program on coping with stress Strategies, emotion regulation strategies and mental health in female-headed households covered by the Welfare Organization. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 26(4), 431-444.
Taheri, Z., Rezaee Jamaoei, H., & Zamani, S. (2019). The effect of distress tolerance education on emotional regulation and improvement of alexithymia in patients with masturbation. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 6(1), 54-69. [Persian]
Wery, A., & Billieux, J. (2017). Problematic cybersex: dep Conceptualization, assessment, and treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 238-246.
Yosefi, F. (2007). Examinethe relationship betweencog-nitive emotion regulation strategies with ression and anxiety in student’s talented junior centers. Re-search on Exceptional Children, 6(4), 871-892. [Persian]
Zahediyan, S., Kafi Masule, S. M., Khosrov Javid, M., & Fallahi, M. (2015). Efficacy of emotion regulation training on coping strategies among female elementary school students. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 2(1), 9-19.
Zakeri, M. M., Hasani, J., & Esmaeili, N. (2017). Effectiveness of processing emotion regulation strategies training (PERST) in psychological distress (PD) of patient with vitiligo. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 6(23), 39-56. [Persian]
Zamani, N., Abyar, Z., Jenaabadi, H., & Zamani, S. (2017). Effect of impulse control training on depression and anxiety mother of children with developmental coordination disorders. Journal of Research and Health, 7(5), 1012-1020. [Persian]
Zareipour, M., Zareipour, G., Alinejad, M., Moharrami, F., & Abdolkarimi, M. (2019). The study of Stress, Anxiety, Depression and its Relationship with Educational Success in Teens in Salmas City. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 5(3), 37-42. [Persian]
_||_