تاثیر همراه‌سازی درمان حساس‌سازی پنهان با درمان شناختی رفتاری بر میزان قدرت میل و احتمال به مصرف کراک
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیامیر کشاورزی 1 , شهرام وزیری 2 , فرح لطفی کاشانی 3
1 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، رودهن، ایران
2 - عضو هیأت علمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، رودهن، ایران
3 - عضو هیأت علمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، رودهن، ایران
کلید واژه: شناختی ـ رفتاری, حساس‌سازی درونی, قدرت میل, احتمال مصرف کراک,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر درمان حساس‌سازی پنهان با درمان شناختی ـ رفتاری بر میزان قدرت میل و احتمال به مصرف کراک بود. این پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی، از تمامی مراجعه‌کنندگان به مراکز درمانی مواد شهرستان اسلامشهر در سال 1389 بود که سوءِ مصرف کراک داشته‌اند به‌عنوان جامعه آماری استفاده کرد. 30 نفر با روش انتخاب در دسترس به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه قرار گرفتند (هر گروه 15 نفر). پیش و پس از مداخلات، همۀ مراجعان به پرسشنامۀ مقیاس پیش‌بینی بازگشت RPS (رایت، 2001) پاسخ دادند. گروه آزمایش 12 جلسه تحت درمان شناختی رفتاری به همراه حساس‌سازی پنهان قرار گرفت و گروه گواه فقط درمان شناختی رفتاری را دریافت کرد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون کوواریانس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که حساس‌سازی پنهان با درمان شناختی ـ رفتاری در میزان میل به مصرف مؤثر و در احتمال بازگشت به مصرف بی‌تأثیر است (01/0=P ).
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of covert sensitization with cognitive behavior therapy on craving power and probable use of crack. This quasi-experimental research used all crack-addicted people who referred to Islamshahr drug abuse treatment centers in 2010 as the population. Using convenient sampling method, 30 crack addicts were selected and then randomly assigned into experimental and control group, 15 in each. All participants answered to Relapse Predication Scale (Wright, 2001) before and after the treatment. The experimental group received 12 sessions, 45 minutes each, of cognitive behavior therapy along with covert sensitization and the control group received only cognitive behavior therapy. To analyze the data, covariance was used. Results indicated that covert sensitization along with cognitive behavior therapy were associated with decreasing craving power however, they were not effective upon relapse prevention (P < 0.001).
Aharonovich, E., Brooks, A., Nunes, E., & Hasin, D. (2008). Cognitive deficits in marijuana users: Effects on motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behavioral therapy treatment outcome. Drug and Alcohol Dependence.; 95:279–283.
Austin, E.I., Saklofske, D.H., & Egan, V. (2005). Personality, well–being & health correlates of trait emotional intelligence. Personality & individual Differences, 38(3), 547-558.
Bordnick, P., Elkins, R., Orr, E., Walters, P., & Bruce, A. (2004). Evaluating the relative effectiveness of three aversion therapies designed to reduce craving among cocaine abusers. NIDA; Grant Number: 5R01DA005121-04
Cadort, R., Yates, W., Troughton, E., Woodworth, G., & Stewart, M. (1995). Adoption study demonstration two genetic pathways to drug abuse. Archives of General psychiatry, 52,42-52.
Carroll, K.M., Fenton, L., Ball, S., Nich, C., Frankforter, T., Shi, J., & Rounsaville, B. (2004). Efficacy of Cognetive Behavioral therapy in cocaine-dependent outpatents: a randomaize placebo-contorlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004; 61(3): 264-272. doi:10. 1001/archpsyc.61.3.264.
Choi, Yoon., J., & Lee, J. (2015). The effect of virtual covert sensitization on reducing alcohol craving in heavy social drinkers. 19(2). pp 111-117.
Cohn, A.M., Epstein, E.E., McCrady, B.S., Jensen, N., Hunter-Reel, D., & Green, K.E. (2011). Pretreatment clinical and risk correlates of substance use disorder patients with primary depression. Journal of study Alchol and Drugs, 72(1):151-7.
Conway, John, B. (1977). Behavioral self-control of smoking through aversive conditioning and self - management. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Vol 45(3), 348-357.
Curry, J.F., Wells, K.C., Lochman, J.E., Craighead, W.E., & Nagy, P.D. (2001) Group and family Cognitive Behavior Therapy For Adolescent Depression and Substance abuse: A case atudy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 367-376.
Daniel, C., & Dodd, C. (1990). Covert Sensitization Treatment in the Elimination of Alcohol-Related Crime in Incarcerated Young Offenders: A Study of Two Cases. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. 16(1/2) 123-137.
De Oliveira, L.G., Barroso, L., Wagner, G., Ponce, J., Malbergier, A., & De Anderade S,. During the study period, there was an increase in the use of illicit drugs, especially inhalants and amphetamines, among the medical students evaluated. Drug use (except that of marijuana and inhalants) was comparable between the genders, and academic year was an important influencing factor. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2009; 31(3): 227-39.
Vladimir; S., & De Andrade, A. (2009). Druge consumption among medical students in Sao Paulo, Brazil: influences of gender and academic year. Revise brasileira de psiquiatria, 31(3):227-39.
Doran, N., Spring B., McChargue, D., Pergadia, M., & Richmond, M. (2004). “Impulsiveity and smoking relapse”. Nicotine and Tabacco Resarch, 6(4):641-7.
Drummond, D.C., Tiffany, S., Glautier, S., & Remington, B. (1995). Cue exposure in understanding and treating addictive behaviors. In (Eds.) Addictive behavior: Cue exposure therapy and Practice (pp. 1-17).
Ellery, M., & Stewart, S.H. (2007). Assessment of addictions in clinical and research settings. In Al’Absi (Ed.), Stress and Addiction: Biological and Psychological Mechanisms (pp. 285-300).
Fox, H.C., Talih, M., Malison, R., Anderson, G.M., & Kreek, M.J. (2005). Frequency of recent cocaine and alcohol use affects craving and associated responses to stress and drug-related cues. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 880-891.
Frei, A., & Rehm, J., (2002). The prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among opioid addicts. Psychiatr prax.; 29 (5)258-62.
Glantz, M.D., & Pickens, R.W. (1992). A Vulnerability to drug abuse Introduction and overview. In (Eds), Vulnerability to drug abuse (PP.1-14). Washington, DC: American Psychological association.
Hodgins, D.C., & Peden, N. (2008) Cognitive-behavioral treatment for impulse control disorders. PMID: 17713695.
Howard, M. (2001). \"Pharmacological Aversion Treatment of Alcohol Abuse.\" American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 27, no. 3: 561-585.
Janina, G., Gallus, B., & Susa, R., (2005). Intention to change drinking behavior in general practice pathients whit problematic drink and comorbid depression or anxiety. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 40 (5), 394-400.
Kearney, Albert J., (2006). A Primer of Covert Sensitization. Cognitive Behavioral Practice 13 (2006) 167-175.
Kraft ,Tom, Kraft ,David .(2005). Covert sensitization revisited: six case studies. British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 22(4): pp 202-209.
Langas, A.M., Malt, U.F., & Opjordsmoen, S. (2010). Comorbid disorder in substance user from a single catehment area-a clinical study. BMC Psychiatry, 12:11:25.
Leshner, A. (1999). principles of drug addiction treatment: a research-based guide. National Institute of health (NIH) publication No.9.pp.3-33.
Maletzky, Barry M. (1974). Assisted Covert Sensitization for Drug abuse. Substance Use & Misuse. 9(3):411-429.
Marlatt, G. Alan. (1978). Craving for alcohol, loss of Control and Relapse: A cognitive-behavioral analysis. alcoholism NATO Conference Series. 7, 271-314.
McGovern, M.P., Lambert-Harris, C., Acquilano, S., Xie, H., Alterman, A.I., & Weiss, R.D., (2009), “A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For co-occurring substance use and posttraumatic stress disorders”. Addictive Behaviors. 34, 892–897.
McLellan, A.T., Lewis, D.C., O\'Brien, C.P., Kleber, H.D. (2000). Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness-Implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation. JAMA.;284:1689–1695.
Mehrabi, H.A, Neshatdoust, H.T., & Moulavi, H,. (2004). Familly training as a supplementary introversion to relapse reduction of out-patient addicts rehabilitation center. Jurnal of Psychology. V8. 3(31). 262-278.
Miller, W., & Dougher, M,. (1989). Covret Sensitization: Alternative Treatment Procedures for Alcoholism. 17(3)203-220.
Mobini, S., Makintosh, B., Illingworth, Jo., Gega, L., Langdon, P., & Hoppitt, L., (2013). Effects of standard and explicit cognitive bias modification and computer-administered cognitive-behaviour therapy on cognitive biases and social anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. J. Behav. Ther. & Exp. Psychiat. 45(2014) 272-279.
Moyers, TB., Martin, T., Christopher, P.J., Houck, J.M., Tonigan, S., Amrhein, P.C. (2007). Client Language as a Mediator of Motivational Interviewing Efficacy: Where Is the Evidence? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.; 31:40s–47s.
Naqvi, V.H., Ochsner, K.N., Kober, H., Kuerbis, A., Feng, T., Wall, M., Morqenstern, J,. (2015). AlcoholClin Exp Res. 39(2):343-9.
Osilla, K.C., Hepner, K.A, Munoz, R.F, Woo, S, Watkins, K. (2009). Developing an integrated treatment for substance use and depression using cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Subst Abuse Treat.37(4):412-20.
Perry, J.L., Larson, E.B., German, J.P., Madden, G.J., & Carroll, M.E.(2005). “Impulsivity (delay discounting) as a predictor of acquisition of IV cocaine selfadministration in female rats”. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1789(2-3):193-201.
Rachel, A, Freund., Michael, J, Dougher. (2011). Behavioral Techniques to Alter Sexual Arousal (From Handbook of Sex Offender Treatment, P 25-1-25-10, 2011, Barbara K. Schwartz, ed.-See NCJ-243091).
Sara, L.D., Rosemarie, A. Martin, D., & Rohsenow, J. (2008). Self-efficacy for cocaine abstinence: pretreatment correlates and relationship to outcomes. Addictive Behaviors. 33, 675-688.
Sami, S., Mahmoudi, S., & Karimiani, N., (2014). Desire of Athlete and Non-athlete Students to Drugs use. European Addiction Research. 2(4):49-54.
Scherbauma, N., Kluwiga, J., Speckaa, M., Krauseb, D., Mergeta, B., Finkbeinera, T., & Gastparb, M. (2005). “Group Psychotherapy for Opiate Addicts in Methadone Maintenance Treatment-A Controlled Trial”. European Addiction Research.; 11:pp163–171.
Stewart, D., & Eikelbuom, R. (1984). Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91, 751-268.
Tzschentke, T.M. (1998), Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference paradigm: a comprehensive review of drug effects, recent progress and new issues. Prog Neurobiol. 56 (6):613-72.
Young, J. (2001). \"Identity Community and social exclusion\" in Crime, Disorder and Community Safty. edited by Roger Mathews and John pitts. London Routlege publication. 34, 892–897.
Waxman, S.E., (2009). “A Systematic Review of Impulsivity in Eating Disorders.” Impulsivity in Eating Disorders, Rev. 17. pp408–425
Weingardt, K., Cucciare, M., Bellotti, C., & Pin Lai, W. (2009). “A randomized trial comparing two models of web-based training in Cognetive–Behavioral therapy for substance abuse counselors”. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 37: 219–22.