In vitro Evaluation of Some Fungicides and Tea Extract Against Pestalotia sp. and Colletotrichum sp., The Causal Agents of Leaf Spot and Anthracnose of Azalea

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Mahsa Moshayedi ¹ , Hadi Rahanandeh ² , Alireza Hamzeh ³

1 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University
2 - Member of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch
3 - English language department, Arak branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/03/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/11

کلید واژه: Guilan, Chemical fungicides, Fungal colony, <i>Rhododendron</i> spp, Tea extracts,

چکیده مقاله :

The effect of five fungicides and tea extracts was tested against anthracnose disease and leaf spot of Azalea during summer (2015) at the laboratory in Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University. Commercially formulated fungicides at 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm concentrations and the regression of normalized growth rate were used to determine the EC50. The application of different fungicides on Pestalotia sp., Bavistin 50WP, Dithane M-45, Aliette, Benlate 50 WP and Topsin M 70 WP gave significant reduction in colony growth, i.e. 0.5, 0.5, 0.50, 3.38 and 2.56 mm, respectively as compared to control (88.00 mm) in 2000 ppm at recommended doses. The application of different fungicides on Colletotrichum sp. Resulted in significant reduction in colony growth. The fungicides were tested against Colletotrichum sp. at 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm concentrations, and no growth was observed in Mancozeb, Thiophanate-methyl and Fosetyl aluminum at any concentrations. Three of the tested fungicides suppressed mycelial pathogen growth effectively. However, there were significant differences in the sensitivities exhibited by the examined pathogen isolates. Concentrations of extracts from fresh tea leaves used to control the disease agents could not prevent the growth of fungal colony.

چکیده انگلیسی:

اثر پنج قارچ کش و عصاره برگ تازه چای در برابر لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا در طول فصل تابستان 1394 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد رشت مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. قارچ کش ها در غلظت های 1000، 2000 و 3000 پی پی ام تهیه و به منظور تعیین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد عوامل بیماری زا به کار برده شدند. اثر قارچ کش های مختلف Bavistin 50WP، Dithane M-45، Aliette، Benlate 50 WP و Topsin M 70 WP روی قارچ Pestalotia کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب با 5/0، 5/0، 5/0 ، 38/3 و 56/2 میلی متر و شاهد 0/88 میلی متر در دوز تجاری توصیه شده 2000 پی پی ام داشت. قارچ کش های فوق کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه Colletotrichum داشتند و در هر سه غلظت هیچ رشدی در مقابل سه قارچ کش Mancozeb ،Thiophanate-methyl وFosetyl aluminum مشاهده نشد. با این حال حساسیت قابل توجهی در پاتوژن های جدا شده به قارچ کش های مختلف وجود داشت. غلظت های مختلف عصاره برگ تازه چای مورد استفاده، برای کنترل عوامل بیماری زا فوق هیچ کدام قادر به جلوگیری از رشد کلنی قارچ ها در سطح آزمایشگاه نبودند.

منابع و مأخذ:

Anderson, J.C., Headley, C., Stapleton, P.D. and Taylor, P.W. 2005. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of hydrolytically stable (–)-epicatechin gallate analogues for the modulation of β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 15: 2633 – 2635.

Barnett, H.L. and Hunter, B.B. 1972. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Burgess Publishing Company.

Benson, D.M. and Williams-Woodward, J.L. 2001. Azalea diseases. In: Jones R.K. and Benson D.M. (eds.). Diseases of woody ornamentals and trees in nurseries, 81-88. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA.

Bertetti, D., Gullino, M.L. and Garibaldi, A. 2009.Effect of leaf wetness duration, temperature and inoculum concentration on infection of evergreen azalea by Colletotrichum autatum, the causal agent of anthracnose. Journal of Plant Pathology, 91 (3): 763-766.

Brantner, A. and Grein, E. 1994. Antifungal activity of plant extracts used externally in traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 44: 35–40.

Dhingra, O.D.S. and Inclai, J.B. 1985. Basic plant pathology methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.

Ellis, J.B. and Everhart, B.M. 1895. New species of fungi from various localities. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 47: 413-441.

Inamdar, P., Vazir1, J., Desai, S.H., Patel, D. and Meshram, D. 2014. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antifungal activity of Camellia sinensis. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 6 (5): 148-150.

Kita, W. and Mazurek, J. 2003. Skład gatunkowy fyllosfery różanecznika w ogrodzie botanicznym we wrocławiu i w arboretum w wojsławicach. Erica Polonica, 14: 25-36.

Kowalik, M. 2008. Fungi and fungi-like Oomycetes isolated from affected leaves of Rhododendron. Acta Mycologica, 43 (1): 21–27.

Kowalik, M. 2009. Bioróznorodnosc grzybów wystepujacych w fyllosferze rózanecznika zimozielonegoRhododendron L. Zeszyty Problemowe Postepow Nauk Rolniczych, 539: 341–348.

Kowalik, M. 2013. Diversity of fungi colonizing and damaging leaves of pontic azalea (Azalea pontica).  Acta Mycologica, 48 (2): 227–236.

Kowalik, M. and Muras, P. 2007. Grzyby zasiedlające opadłe liście różanecznika. Rocz. AR w Poznaniu 383. Ogrodnictwo, 41: 69-73.

Kowalik, M., Muras, P., Kierpiec, B. and Żołna, M. 2010. Zdrowotność liści różaneczników zawsze zielonych Rhododendron L. Zeszyty Problemowe Postepow Nauk Rolniczych, 551: 117-123.

Kowalik, M., Oliwa, A. and Paliga, A. 2006. Choroby rózaneczników (Rhododendron L.) na terenach zieleni Krakowa. Erica Polonica, 17: 33–41.

Mahoney, M.J. and Tattar, T.A. 1980. Identification, etiology and control of Euonymus fortunei anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Plant Disease, 64: 854–856.

Naz, F., Rauf, C.A., Haque, I.U. and Ahmad, I. 2006. Management of Fusarium oxysporum with plant diffustates and chemicals. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 18 (1): 36-43.

Pathak, V.N. 1980. Diseases of fruit crop. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. New Delhi, 159-60.

Rabbogliatti, I. 2004. Il distretto floricolo del Lago Maggiore: Situazione attuale e prospettive future. Proceedings of the Symposium Lazalea, Nuovi Orizzonti Nella Ricerca, Nella Produzione E Nellimpiego, Verbania Pallanza, 14-19.

Ramezani, H. 2006. Fungicidal activity of volatile oil from Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. against Alternaria triticina. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 71: 909 -14.

Rawal, R.D. and Ullasa, B.A. 1988. Occurrence of fungal diseases of Citrus in Bangalore. Paper presented in 7^th National Citrus Seminar held at Beej Bhawan, New Delhi, 28-29 Nov.

Sheema, K.K. and Durai, M. 2014. Fungicidal activity of aqueous leaf extract on Alternaria brassicae. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 6 (4): 801-805.

Younis Khalid Mehmood, M., Rashid. A. and Abid Waseem, M. 2004. Physiological studies on Pestalotia psydii and it's chemical control. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 1560 (8530): 1107–1109.