Effect of Nano-MgO Additive on Compressive Strength of Concrete Fabricated by Different Processing Methods

Subject Areas : Ceramics

Eisa Mahmoudsaleh ¹ , Ali Heidari ² , Farshid Fathi ³ , Seyed Ali HassanzadehTabrizi ⁴

1 - Department of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
2 - 1Department of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran 2Department of Civil Engineering, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
3 - Department of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
4 - Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

Received: 2021-10-25 Accepted : 2021-12-23 Published : 2022-01-01

Keywords: Mechanical Properties, Nanomaterials, Concrete, MgO,

Abstract :

The effects of adding different nano-MgO dosages (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.% with respect to cement) on microstructural, compressive strength, and phase evaluation of concrete were investigated. Two different post-treatment conditions with water and CO2 gas were used to study the processing method on the samples. The specimens were characterized via SEM and XRD analysis. The mechanical properties of the samples were also investigated. The results showed that compressive strength significantly improved after the addition of magnesium oxide nanoparticles. However, this improvement was more remarkable in the case of post-treatment with CO2 compared to the samples fabricated with water. SEM results showed that the samples treated under CO2 gas had irregular and needle-like morphology. The samples prepared by normal processing had CaCO3 and SiO2 phases, whereas the ones fabricated under CO2 gas contained CaCO3, SiO2, and Ca(OH)2. With the addition of nano-MgO, the density of concrete decreases in the samples post-treated with water, whereas it increases for the samples post-treatment with CO2 gas. Adding 4 wt.% nano-MgO to concrete and further post-treatment with CO2 for 45 days could increase the mechanical properties from ~ 23 MPa to ~ 55 MPa.

References:

[1]        N. Baig, I. Kammakakam, W. Falath, Nanomaterials: A review of synthesis methods, properties, recent progress, and challenges, Mater. Adv. 2 (2021) 1821–1871.

[2]        G. Bhattacharya, S.J. Fishlock, J.A. McLaughlin, S.S. Roy, Metal‐oxide nanomaterials recycled from E‐waste and metal industries: A concise review of applications in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing, Int. J. Energy Res. 45 (2021) 8091–8102.

[3]        M.A. Subhan, K.P. Choudhury, N. Neogi, Advances with Molecular Nanomaterials in Industrial Manufacturing Applications, Nanomanufacturing. 1 (2021) 75–97.

[4]        C. Thongchom, N. Refahati, P. Roodgar Saffari, P. Roudgar Saffari, M.N. Niyaraki, S. Sirimontree, S. Keawsawasvong, An experimental study on the effect of nanomaterials and fibers on the mechanical properties of polymer composites, Buildings. 12 (2021) 7.

[5]        M. Janczarek, Ł. Klapiszewski, P. Jędrzejczak, I. Klapiszewska, A. Ślosarczyk, T. Jesionowski, Progress of functionalized TiO₂-based nanomaterials in the construction industry: A comprehensive review, Chem. Eng. J. 430 (2022) 132062.

[6]        A.A. Firoozi, M. Naji, M. Dithinde, A.A. Firoozi, A review: influence of potential nanomaterials for civil engineering projects, Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng. 45 (2021) 2057–2068.

[7]        E. Enríquez, M. Torres-Carrasco, M.J. Cabrera, D. Muñoz, J.F. Fernández, Towards more sustainable building based on modified Portland cements through partial substitution by engineered feldspars, Constr. Build. Mater. 269 (2021) 121334.

[8]        L. Wang, M. Jin, Y. Wu, Y. Zhou, S. Tang, Hydration, shrinkage, pore structure and fractal dimension of silica fume modified low heat Portland cement-based materials, Constr. Build. Mater. 272 (2021) 121952.

[9]        Z. Li, B. Delsaute, T. Lu, A. Kostiuchenko, S. Staquet, G. Ye, A comparative study on the mechanical properties, autogenous shrinkage and cracking proneness of alkali-activated concrete and ordinary Portland cement concrete, Constr. Build. Mater. 292 (2021) 123418.

[10]      Y. Liu, T. Shi, Y. Zhao, Y. Gu, Z. Zhao, J. Chen, B. Zheng, S. Shi, Autogenous shrinkage and crack resistance of carbon nanotubes reinforced cement-based materials, Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater. 14 (2020) 1–10.

[11]      T. Shi, Z. Li, J. Guo, H. Gong, C. Gu, Research progress on CNTs/CNFs-modified cement-based composites–a review, Constr. Build. Mater. 202 (2019) 290–307.

[12]      Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, T. Shi, Y. Gu, B. Zheng, K. Zhang, J. Xu, Y. Fu, S. Shi, Study of mechanical properties and early-stage deformation properties of graphene-modified cement-based materials, Constr. Build. Mater. 257 (2020) 119498.

[13]      C.J. Liu, X.C. Hunag, Y.-Y. Wu, X.W. Deng, Z.L. Zheng, B. Yang, Studies on mechanical properties and durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete incorporating graphene oxide, Cem. Concr. Compos. (2022) 104508.

[14]      P. Reddy, D.R. Prasad, Investigation on the impact of graphene oxide on microstructure and mechanical behaviour of concrete, J. Build. Pathol. Rehabil. 7 (2022) 1–10.

[15]      R. Pournajaf, S.A. Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi, R. Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, A. Alhaji, A.A. Nourbakhsh, Optimization of magnesia sintering parameters fabricated by spark plasma sintering method for infrared transparency, Mater. Res. Express. 8 (2021) 65002.

[16]      S. Gandhi, P. Abiramipriya, N. Pooja, J.J.L. Jeyakumari, A.Y. Arasi, V. Dhanalakshmi, M.R.G. Nair, R. Anbarasan, Synthesis and characterizations of nano sized MgO and its nano composite with poly (vinyl alcohol), J. Non. Cryst. Solids. 357 (2011) 181–185.

[17]      R. Pournajaf, S.A. Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi, R. Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, A. Alhaji, A.A. Nourbakhsh, Polycrystalline infrared-transparent MgO fabricated by spark plasma sintering, Ceram. Int. 45 (2019) 18943–18950.

[18]      X. Xu, T. Zhu, Y. Li, Y. Dai, M. Nath, Y. Ye, N. Hu, Y. Li, X. Wang, Effect of particle grading on fracture behavior and thermal shock resistance of MgO-C refractories, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 (2022) 672–681.

[19]      A.S. Farooqi, M. Yusuf, N.A.M. Zabidi, R. Saidur, M.U. Shahid, B.V. Ayodele, B. Abdullah, Hydrogen‐rich syngas production from bi‐reforming of greenhouse gases over zirconia modified Ni/MgO catalyst, Int. J. Energy Res. 46 (2022) 2529–2545.

[20]      H.L. Senevirathna, P.V.T. Weerasinghe, X. Li, M.-Y. Tan, S.-S. Kim, P. Wu, Counter-Intuitive Magneto-Water-Wetting Effect to CO2 Adsorption at Room Temperature Using MgO/Mg(OH)₂ Nanocomposites, Materials (Basel). 15 (2022) 983.

[21]      L. Wang, G. Li, X. Li, F. Guo, S. Tang, X. Lu, A. Hanif, Influence of reactivity and dosage of MgO expansive agent on shrinkage and crack resistance of face slab concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos. 126 (2022) 104333.

[22]      L. Wang, X. Song, H. Yang, L. Wang, S. Tang, B. Wu, W. Mao, Pore structural and fractal analysis of the effects of MgO reactivity and dosage on permeability and F–T resistance of concrete, Fractal Fract. 6 (2022) 113.

[23]      A. Standard, C305. Standard practice for mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency, Annu. B. ASTM Stand. (2006).

[24]      M.A.Y.A. Bakier, K. Suzuki, P. Khajornrungruang, Study on Nanoparticle Agglomeration During Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) Performance, J. Nanofluids. 10 (2021) 420–430.

[25]      V.I. Popkov, Y. Albadi, The effect of co-precipitation temperature on the crystallite size and aggregation/agglomeration of GdFeO₃ nanoparticles, Наносистемы: Физика, Химия, Математика. 12 (2021) 224–231.

[26]      Q. Li, L. Zhang, S. Wei, Y. Zhang, R. Sun, T. Zhou, W. Bu, Q. Yao, Z. Jiang, H. Chen, Weakly agglomerated α-Al2O3 nanopowders prepared by a novel spray precipitation method, Ceram. Int. 44 (2018) 11374–11380.

[27]      R. Pournajaf, S.A. Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi, Polyacrylamide synthesis of nanostructured copper aluminate for photocatalytic application, J. Adv. Mater. Process. 5 (2018) 12–19.

[28]      Y.A. Criado, M. Alonso, J.C. Abanades, Kinetics of the CaO/Ca (OH) 2 hydration/dehydration reaction for thermochemical energy storage applications, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014) 12594–12601.

[29]      J. Kariya, J. Ryu, Y. Kato, Reaction performance of calcium hydroxide and expanded graphite composites for chemical heat storage applications, ISIJ Int. 55 (2015) 457–463.

[30]      L. Wang, L. Chen, J.L. Provis, D.C.W. Tsang, C.S. Poon, Accelerated carbonation of reactive MgO and Portland cement blends under flowing CO₂ gas, Cem. Concr. Compos. 106 (2020) 103489.

[31]      R.L. Frost, S. Bahfenne, J. Graham, Raman spectroscopic study of the magnesium‐carbonate minerals—artinite and dypingite, J. Raman Spectrosc. An Int. J. Orig. Work All Asp. Raman Spectrosc. Incl. High. Order Process. Also Brillouin Rayleigh Scatt. 40 (2009) 855–860.

[32]      A.L. Harrison, V. Mavromatis, E.H. Oelkers, P. Bénézeth, Solubility of the hydrated Mg-carbonates nesquehonite and dypingite from 5 to 35° C: Implications for CO₂ storage and the relative stability of Mg-carbonates, Chem. Geol. 504 (2019) 123–135.

[33]      S.A. Walling, J.L. Provis, Magnesia-based cements: a journey of 150 years, and cements for the future?, Chem. Rev. 116 (2016) 4170–4204.

[34]      L. Mo, F. Zhang, D.K. Panesar, M. Deng, Development of low-carbon cementitious materials via carbonating Portland cement–fly ash–magnesia blends under various curing scenarios: a comparative study, J. Clean. Prod. 163 (2017) 252–261.

[35]      L. Mo, D.K. Panesar, Effects of accelerated carbonation on the microstructure of Portland cement pastes containing reactive MgO, Cem. Concr. Res. 42 (2012) 769–777.

[36]      V.D. Pizzol, L.M. Mendes, L. Frezzatti, H. Savastano Jr, G.H.D. Tonoli, Effect of accelerated carbonation on the microstructure and physical properties of hybrid fiber-cement composites, Miner. Eng. 59 (2014) 101–106.

[37]      B.J. Zhan, D.X. Xuan, C.S. Poon, C.J. Shi, Effect of curing parameters on CO₂ curing of concrete blocks containing recycled aggregates, Cem. Concr. Compos. 71 (2016) 122–130.

[38]      C. Shi, Y. Wu, Studies on some factors affecting CO₂ curing of lightweight concrete products, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 52 (2008) 1087–1092.

[39]      Y. Sun, P. Zhang, W. Guo, J. Bao, C. Qu, Effect of nano-CaCO₃ on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete incorporating fly Ash, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020 (2020).

[40]      S. Ruan, C. Unluer, Influence of mix design on the carbonation, mechanical properties and microstructure of reactive MgO cement-based concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos. 80 (2017) 104–114.

[41]      P. Hou, Y. Cai, X. Cheng, X. Zhang, Z. Zhou, Z. Ye, L. Zhang, W. Li, S.P. Shah, Effects of the hydration reactivity of ultrafine magnesium oxide on cement-based materials, Mag. Concr. Res. 69 (2017) 1135–1145.

[42]      R. Polat, R. Demirboğa, F. Karagöl, The effect of nano-MgO on the setting time, autogenous shrinkage, microstructure and mechanical properties of high performance cement paste and mortar, Constr. Build. Mater. 156 (2017) 208–218.

[43]      Q. Ye, K. Yu, Z. Zhang, Expansion of ordinary Portland cement paste varied with nano-MgO, Constr. Build. Mater. 78 (2015) 189–193.