هویت قومی و توسعه یافتگی سیاسی (مطالعه موردی: دانشجویان دانشگاه کردستان در سال تحصیلی 94-95)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایرانقنبرعلی رجبلو 1 , حلیمه حسین پناهی 2
1 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه الزهرا
2 - کارشناس ارشد علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه الزهرا
کلید واژه: توسعه یافتگی سیاسی, هویت قومی, اعتماد سیاسی, مشارکت سیاسی, فرهنگ سیاسی, هویت ملی,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه سیاسی پدیده‌ای است که نمی‌توان تاثیرش را بر حیات اجتماعی و سیاسی جهان امروز، بویژه در جوامع در حال توسعه، انکار کرد. در فرایند تحقق توسعه‌یافتگی سیاسی عوامل گوناگونی ایفای نقش کنند که در میان آنها، نقش اعضای جامعه کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر هویت قومی دانشجویان بر توسعه‌یافتگی سیاسی آنها است. بر اساس نظریات موجود توسعه‌یافتگی سیاسی در دو سطح خرد و کلان قابل بررسی است، معرف‌های سطح کلان توسعه‌یافتگی سیاسی در عرصه ساخت سیاسی و ساخت اجتماعی تعیین شده‌اند و معرف های سطح خرد در عرصه فرهنگ سیاسی و رفتار افراد قابل تشخیص‌اند که عبارت بودند از: فرهنگ سیاسی دموکراتیک، اعتماد سیاسی، مشارکت سیاسی، هویت ملی. این پژوهش از نظر روش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی-علی می‌باشد که بصورت پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری کلیه دانشجویان کرد دانشگاه کردستان در سال تحصیلی 94- 95 است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 380 نفر بدست آمد و با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای طبقه‌ای با حجم نامتناسب، نمونه‌های آماری انتخاب شد. یافته‌ها نشان می دهد که بین هویت قومی و توسعه‌یافتگی سیاسی دانشجویان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد و همچنین نتایج حاصل از بررسی متغیرهای زمینه‌ای گویای تاثیر میزان درآمد خانواده و میزان تحصیلات بر توسعه‌یافتگی سیاسی است. ازطرف دیگر میزان توسعه یافتگی سیاسی افراد بر حسب جنس و مذهب و وضعیت تاهل متفاوت است. بنابراین نظریه نظریه‌پردازان متقدم مانند دویچ، لرنر و شیلز در رابطه با رابطه قومیت و توسعه سیاسی تایید و نظریه نظریه‌پردازان متاخر رد شد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In today’s world the effects of Political development on social and political life. Especially in developing countries can’t be underestimated. In the process of political development. Among various factors. The effect of community is underestimated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethnic identity of students on their political development. Based on theories of political development in both micro and macro levels be considered representative macro level of political development in the political and social structures have been determined and introduced by the micro level in the field of political culture and the behavior of the identifiable were democratic political culture. Political trust. Political participation. National identity. The findings show that a significant relationship between ethnic identity and political development there are also the results of the study showed the effect of family income and education level variables on political development. On the other hand. The political development of people based on gender. Religion and marital status is different. So the theory of some theorists such as Deutsch. Lerner and Shils about the relationship between ethnicity and political development confirmed and the theory of other new theorists was rejected.
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Abdollahi, Mohammad (2002) "The Baluch student's tendency toward national identity in Iran", Journal of Sociology of Iran, Vol. 4.
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Almond, Gabriel, & Verba, Sidney (1968), the Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Michigan: Ann Arbor.
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Azkia, Mostafa (2007) Sociology of Development, Tehran: Nashre Keyhan.
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Bashirieh, Hossein (2009) "Political Culture & Political Development", Nameye Farhang, 2nd Year, No. 3.
Bretzer, Noreen. (2002). “How Can Institutions Better Explain Political Trust than Capitals Do?”. PHD Thesis. University of Gothenburg. Sweden.
Chalabi, Masoud (1996), Sociology of Order: A Theoretical Analysis of Social Order, Tehran: Nashre Ney.
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Dariush Bastani (2000) The Study of the Impact of the Social Class on Political Culture (Case Study: People of the City of Shiraz), Master's thesis, University of Shiraz.
Delavari, Reza (2012) "Pathology of the role and place of the state bureaucracy in the process of political development of Iran", MA Thesis, Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Tehran Markaz, faculty of Political Science.
Deutsch, Carl (-1969) Nationalism and its Alternatives.New York: Alfred Knopf.
Deutsch, Karl et Al (1996) Theories of International Relations, Translated by Vahid Bozorgi, Tehran: Jahade Daneshgahi.
Eftekhari, Asghar (2000) "Natural Capacity of Security", Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 2.
Ehsani, Sajjad (2009) State & Political Development, Case Study: The Impact of Reformist's Government on Iran's Political Development between 1384-1376, MA Thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah.
Eisenstadt, S. N. (1964), Modernization and Condition of Sustained Growth, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
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Firouzjaeyan, Ali Asghar & Jahangiri, Jahangir (2008) "Sociological Analysis of Students Political Participation", Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdousi University of Mashhad, Year 5.
Geranmaye Pour, Ali & Ansari, Elham (1389) "Modernization Pattern; the Savior of the Traditional Middle Eastern Community or Western Theory", Journal of Media Studies, Year 5, No. 8.
Ghader Zadeh, Omid (2009) the collective identity of the Kurds in the countries of Iran and Iraq, Ph.D. Thesis, Tehran: Faculty of Social Scineces, Allame Tabatabayi University.
Ghaderi, Tahere & Esmail AAlizad (2012) "Governmental Policies and Political Development in Iran" (1989-2005), Social Sciences Quarterly, No. 60.
Ghaffari, Gholamreza & Niazi, Mohsen (2012) Sociology of Participation, Tehran: Nashre Nazdik.
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Ghavam, Abdol Ali (1991) the evolution of the concept of political development, Tadbir, No. 14.
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Identity”. International Journal Counseling Psychology. 2007. Vol. 54. No. 3. 271–281.
Inglehart, R, R. Foa, C, Welzel and C, Peterson (2008) "Social Change. Freedom and Rising Happiness: A Global Perspective. 1981–2007". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 3: 264-285.
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Inglehart, Ronald and Christian, Welzel (2009) "Political Culture. Mass Beliefs and Value Change", in Democratization. Hearper and Etc. Oxford University Press: 126-143.
Inglehart, Ronald and Christian, Welzel. (2005). Modernization, Social Change and Democracy. London. Cambridge University Press.
Jalayi Pour, Hamidreza & Ghanbari, Ali (2009) "Study of national identity and globalization values with emphasis on Arabic-speaking Iranians", Social Science Research, 3rd year, No. 2.
Johari. J.C. (1991). Comparative politics. New Delhi: Sterling publishers.
Kadivar, Mohammad Ali (2007) A Preface to the Theory of Transition to Democracy, Tehran: Game No.
Kupper, Adam and jesica kupper (1999), the sociad scence encyclopedia, London, rout ledge, 2nd Ed.
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Mehdi Khani, Alireza (2001) a Brief Overview of Political-Economic Development, Tehran: Arvan Nashr.
Mosalla Nejad, Abbas (2008) Political Culture of Iran, Tehran: Farhange Saba.
Mousavi, Mir Tayyeb (2010) "Thought of Social Capital: Social Consensus", Political Development and National Security, Quarterly Journal of Political Science, No. 13.
Nazari, Mogaddese (2010) the role of public opinion in the political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran: Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Bagher-ol Oloum University.
Nazari, Seyyed Ghani et Al (2013) "Investigating the Impact of Political Participation on the Political Development Case Study: Khalkhal City Youth", Iranian Social Development Studies Journal, Year 6, No. 1.
Norris. P. (2002). Democratic phoenix: political activism world wide. New York. Cambridge university press.
Phinney, Jean S. (2005)”. Ethnic Identity in Late Modern Times: A Response to Rattansi and Phoenix.
Phinney. Jean S. (1990).” Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults”, Review of Research Psychological Bulletin. Vol. 108. No. 3.
Pye L, (1966) Aspects of Political Development. Boston: Little Brown.
Pye. Lucian (1965). Political Culture and Political Development. Prinston University Press.
Rajab Nasab, Hamid (2001) "Theoretical Study of Ethnic Diversity, Development and National Solidarity", National Studies Quarterly, Year 3, No. 9.
Rajab Zadeh, Ahmad (1999) Sociology of Development: Comparative study, Iran and Japan, Tehran: Salman.
Rash, Michael (2011) Society and Politics, Translated by Manoochehr Sabouri, Tehran: Samt.
Razazi Far, Afsar (2000) "The sociological pattern of national identity in Iran", National Studies Quarterly, Year 2, No. 5.
Rice, Tom W. and Jeffrey Ling (2002), Democracy, Economic Wealth and Social Capital, Sorting Out The Causal Connections Space and Polity, Vol 6. No3.pp:307 – 325.
Rotheram, M., & Phinney, J. (1987). Ethnic behavior patterns as an aspect of identity. In Children’s ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Rush, Michael (1992) Politics and society an introduction to political sociological, London prentice hall.
Salehi Amiri, Ali Akbar et Al (2011) "Cultural barriers to political development in Iran and providing management solutions in this field", Cultural Management, Year 5, No. 11.
Sarayi, Hasan & Safiri, Nasrin (2009) "Student Political Trust: A Study of the Students of Amir Kabir University", Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, Vol. 1, No. 4.
Sariolghalam, Mahmoud (1991) "Third World Structure; Past and Future", Journal of Political and Economic Information, No. 47.
Sariolghalam, Mahmoud (2001) Rationality and Future of Iran's Development, Center for Strategic Research and Strategic Studies in the Middle East.
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