Biotic elicitors as modulators of secondary metabolite production in medicinal plant; A review
Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)Fatemeh Sarjooghiyan 1 , Mehrdad Ataie Kachoie 2 * , Sadegh Mousavi-Fard 3
1 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord P.O. Box 115, Iran;
2 - Department of medicinal plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord P.O. Box 115, Iran;
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Secondary metabolites, Biotic elicitors, Plant defense, Metabolic enhancement,
Abstract :
Background & Aim: Secondary metabolites (SMs) in medicinal plants exhibit significant therapeutic potential; however, their low natural abundance constrains large scale industrial applications. This review aims to examine the role of biotic elicitors, including bacteria, fungi, polysaccharides, proteins, algae, and phytohormones, in enhancing SMs production through activation of specific plant defense signaling pathways. Experimental: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major scientific databases, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using keywords related to biotic elicitors and secondary metabolite enhancement in medicinal plants. Relevant full text, peer reviewed studies were selected, categorized, and critically analyzed to provide a cohesive understanding of elicitor mediated metabolic regulation. Results: Biotic elicitors were consistently shown to activate plant immune responses, reprogram metabolic pathways, and modulate gene expression involved in SM biosynthesis. These elicitors initiate signal transduction cascades that result in increased production and diversity of pharmacologically important compounds. The reviewed evidence highlights their efficacy across diverse plant species and culture systems. Recommended applications/industries: Beyond laboratory scale studies, biotic elicitation represents a scalable strategy to enhance the production of plant derived bioactive compounds. This approach offers a sustainable and eco friendly alternative to conventional extraction and chemical synthesis, with significant potential in pharmaceutical development, functional foods, botanical cosmetics, and sustainable agriculture. By transforming medicinal plants into reliable biofactories, elicitor based strategies bridge ecological sustainability and industrial productivity.
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