کارآیی حشرهکشهای دیفلوبنزورون، اسپینوزاد، فوزالون و تیودیکارب در کنترل کرم خوشه‌خوار انگور Lobesia botrana (Lep.: Tortricidae)
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: دیفلوبنزورون, کرم خوشه‌خوار انگور, اسپینوزاد, فوزالون,
چکیده مقاله :
کرم خوشه خوار انگور Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller، یکی از آفات کلیدی انگور در ایران است و استفاده از حشرهکشهای شیمیایی، عمومی‌ترین و کارآمدترین روش کنترل این آفت محسوب می‌شود. در این پژوهش تأثیر حشرهکشهای دیفلوبنزورون، فوزالون، تیودیکارب و اسپینوزاد در کاهش خسارت نسل های دوم و سوم این آفت در سال 1388 در منطقه ی خسروشهر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. تعداد حبه‌های آلوده در هر خوشه و تعداد خوشه‌های آلوده در هر کرت، معیار برآورد کارآیی حشرهکشهای مورد آزمایش بودند. هر دو شاخص در هر دو نسل بین تیمارها اختلاف معنی‌دار نشان دادند. از لحاظ تعداد حبه های آلوده تیمارها در هر دو نسل در دو گروه مجزا ولی از لحاظ درصد خسارت در نسل دوم در دو گروه و در نسل سوم در سه گروه قرار گرفتند. بر اساس داده های هر دو نسل، درصد تأثیر دیفلوبنزورون به طور معنی داری کمتر از تیمارهای اسپینوزاد، فوزالون و تیودیکارب بود. در این بررسی حشره کش دیفلوبنزورون فاقد تأثیر مورد نظر در کاهش جمعیت کرم خوشه خوار انگور بود.
The Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermülleris one of the most important pests of grape in Iran, where chemical insecticide application is a common approach to control of the pest. In this study effectiveness of diflubenzuron, spinosad, thiodicarb and phosalone was evaluated in four replications upon the 2nd and 3rd generations in summer 2009 in Khosrowshahr, Iran, through a randomized block design. The percentages of infested bunches, number of infested berries and damage were the comparison indices of insecticides efficiency. There was significant difference between measured indices in the two generations. Based on the number of infested berries, the entire treatments grouped in tow levels for both generations; however, in the second and third generations, they were placed in two and three levels, respectively. Based on the percentages of infested bunches, diflubenzuron and other treatments were significantly different within the two generations. In this investigation diflubenzuron did not evaluate as an effective insecticide for the control of grape berry moth.
Anonymous. 2006. Insecticides. http://www.suli.com/bar2cp1.htm.[Accessed on 1 September 2011].
Boselli M, Bellettini L, Scannavini M. 2000. Effectiveness of some insecticides for the control of second generations of Lobesia botrana Schiff [Vitis vinifera L. – Emilia- Romagna]. Atti- delle- Giornate- Fitopatologiche (Italy).1: 457-462.
Charmillot PJ, Pasquier D, Verneau S. 2003.Effectiveness of different insecticides incorporated into artificial diets on larvae of the grapevine moth Lobesia botrana and the grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella. Bulletin-OILB/SROP 26(8-1): 1-5.
Charmillot PJ, Pasquier D, Verneau S. 2004.Larvicidal efficacy of different insecticides incorporated in the artificial diet on grape moths. 1. Tests on grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella and comparison with the results obtained for grapevine moth Lobesia botrana. Revue Suisse de Viticulture Arboriculture Horticulture Switzerland 36(4): 191-196.
Cohen E. 2001. Chitin synthesis and inhibition: a revisit. Pest Management Science 57: 946-950.
Coscolla R. 1997. La polilla Del racimo de la vid (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff.). Paterna, Valencia, Spain: Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación..613 pp.
Coscolla R, Arias A, Cortes JA, Esteve R, Martnez Morga F, Nieto J, Perez Marn JL, Rodriguez Perez M, Sanchez Garcia J, Toledo, J. 1982. Study of the damage caused by the first generation of the vine moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff.) Boletn del Servicio de Defensa contra Plagas e Inspeccion Fitopatologicarecd 8(2): 215-223.
Dent D. 2000. Insect Pest Management, 2nd ed. CABI Publishing, New York.
Göktay M, Kismali S. 1990.Diflubenzuron'un bocekler üzerindeki etkisi.Turkish Journal of Entomology 14: 53-64.
Grosscurt AC. 1978, Diflubenzuron: Some aspects of its ovicidal and larvicidal mode of action and an evaluation of its practical possibilities. Pesticide Science 9: 373–386.
Jalil Navaz MR. 1998. Number of generations and the most appropriate time of chemical control of Lobesia botrana Schiff (Lep. Tortricidae) in Takestan. Proceeding of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23-27 August 1998, Karaj, Iran. P. 122.
Lee DP, Thirugnanam M, Lidert Z, Carlson GR, Ryan JB. 1996. RH-2485: a new selective insecticide for caterpillar control. Proceeding Brighton Crop Protection Conference, BCPC, 18-21 November, Brighton, UK., pp: 481-486.
Marco V, Perez-Farinos G, Castanera P. 1998. Effects of hexaflumuron on transovarial, ovicidal and progeny development of Aubeonymus mariaefranciscae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environmental Entomology 27: 812-816.
Mosson HJ, Short JE, Schenker R, Edwards JP. 1995. The effects of the insect growth regulator lufenuron on oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis, and German cockroach, Blattela germanica, populations in stimulated domestic environments. Journal of Pesticide Science 45: 237-246.
Pavan F, Duso C, Pavanetto E. 1989. Integrated pest control in viticulture in north-eastern Italy. 2. Grape moths and leafhoppers, In: Cavallord R (ed.) Proceeding of an international symposium “Plant-protection problems and prospects of integrated control in viticulture. 6-9 June, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 671-680.
Pavan F, Girolami V, Sacilooto G. 1998. Second generation of grape berry moths, Lobesia botrana (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Tortricidae) and Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hb.) (Lep., Cochylidae): spatial and frequency distributions of larvae, weight loss and economic injury level. Journal of Applied Entomology 122: 361-368.
Pavan F, Barro P, Floreani C, Gambon N, Stefanelli G, Mutton P. 2005. Residual activity of chitin synthesis inhibitors on Lobesia botrana larvae reared in the laboratory on field collected grape berries. Bulletin of Insectology 58(2): 113-117.
Perry AS, Yamamoto I, Ishaaya I, Perry RY. 1998. Insecticides in Agriculture and Environment. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Pourhaji A, Sheikhi-Gorjan A. 2007. Assessment of the efficiency of Tracer and Runner, two new insecticides on grape moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Final Report of a Project, Agricultural Research and Education Organization. 27pp.
Püntener W. 1981. Manual for Field Trials in Plant Protection. (2nd ed.) Agricultural Division, Ciba-Geigy Limited. (Translated to Persian by B. Hatami). 233pp.
Robertson JL, Haverty MI. 1982. Estimation of rates and times of application for selected insect growth regulator formulations applied to western spruce budworm. Journal of Georgia Entomological Society 17: 297-307.
Roehrich R, Boller E. 1991. Torticids in vineyards. In: Van der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH (eds.) Tortricid Pests, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, the Netherland, pp. 207-514.
Stefanelli G, Villani A, Zandigiacomo P, Donno L, Pavan F, Stasi G. 2000. Different strategies of insecticide treatments in vineyards of Friuli Venezia Giulia in accordance with EEC Regulation 2078/92 [Vitis vinifera L.] Atti- delle- Giornate. Fitopatologiche (Italy) 1: 487-492.
Zomorrodi S. 2005. Storage, Processing and Quality Control of Grapes. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Education Organization Publications, 236 pp.