بررسی و ارزیابی عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر کاهش سرانه تولید پسماند خانگی (نمونه موردی: مناطق 3 و 10 شهرداری تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
یعقوب پیوسته گر
1
,
محمد حسین انصاری
2
1 - استادیارگروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران*(مسوول مکاتبات).
2 - دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/07/30
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/24
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/10/01
کلید واژه:
سرانه تولید پسماند خانگی,
کاهش تولید زباله,
مدیریت مواد زاید جامد شهری,
محیط زیست شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: افزایش روز افزون تولید زباله در شهرهای کشور مسأله ای است که بیش تر شهرداری ها با آن سر و کار دارند و مقدار قابل توجهی از بودجه آن ها صرف جمع آوری، حمل و نقل و دفع زباله می شود، علاوه بر این مشکلات زیست محیطی فراوانی را در پی خواهد داشت. این مقاله با هدف شناسایی عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر کاهش تولید پسماند خانگی می باشد. روش بررسی: بدین منظور، ابتدا دو منطقه 3 و 10 شهرداری تهران از لحاظ سرانه تولید پسماند خانگی و عوامل اجتماعی مرتبط با آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. چرا که این دو منطقه علی رغم جمعیت نزدیک به هم، از لحاظ کالبدی و اجتماعی اختلافاتی با یکدیگر دارند که می تواند روی کاهش سرانه تولید پسماند خانگی مؤثر باشد. سپس برای پاسخ به فرضیات مطرح شده، از روش پیمایش مبتنی بر پرسش نامه حاوی سؤالات باز و بسته استفاده شد. یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که بسیاری از عوامل اجتماعی نظیر: سن، جنسیت، وضعیت تأهل، بعد خانوار، مدت اقامت در تهران و منطقه، نوع واحد مسکونی و رعایت تفکیک زباله در سرانه تولید پسماند خانگی اثرات مستقیم دارند. در ادامه این دو منطقه بر اساس معیارها و شاخص های کالبدی، اجتماعی، محیط زیستی و مدیریتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت که درصد امتیاز کسب شده منطقه 3 به ترتیب 67، 64، 36 و 38 و منطقه 10 به ترتیب 47، 46، 33 و 36 می باشد. در انتها نیز 20 راهکار عملیاتی در زمینه کاهش سرانه تولید پسماند خانگی با تأکید بر عوامل اجتماعی ارایه شد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل از پرسش نامه نیز با استفاده از آزمون های آماری مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Abstract Background and Objective: Increasing production of waste in cities is an issue that municipalities deal with it and a significant amount of municipal funds spent on the collection, transport and disposal of the waste, in addition to the many environmental problems will follow. Method: This paper aims to identify social factors that influence the production of household waste is reduced. For this purpose, the two regions 3 and 10 of Tehran municipality in terms of per capita household waste generation and associated social factors were studied. Because these two regions close together despite the population, in terms of physical and social differences with each other, which can help reduce household waste produced per capita. Then to answer assumptions, based on a survey questionnaire containing open and closed questions was used. Findings: The findings show that many social factors have a direct impact on per capita production of household waste, such as age, gender, marital status, family size, length of stay in Tehran and region, type of home and respect for the separation of waste. Then the two regions based on criteria and indicators of physical, social, environmental and management were evaluated and by region 3, percentage points respectively is 67, 64, 36 and 38 and the region 10 is 47, 46, 33 and 36. Finally, 20 action plan to reduce domestic waste generation per capita was presented with an emphasis on social factors. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the questionnaire were analyzed by using statistical tests.
منابع و مأخذ:
Reference
Pichtel, J., Waste, 2005, Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous and Industrial, Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton.
Dan’azimi Jibril, J., Bin Sipan, I., Sapri, M., Aliyu Shika, S., Isa, M., Abdullah, S., 2012, 3R’s Critical Success Factor in Solid Waste Management System for Higher Educational Institutions, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 65.
21th Rio Conference agenda, 1992(In Persian)
Omrani, GH., 2011, Solid waste (Management, collect and transport, sanitary ware and composting), Islamic Azad University Press, Vol.1, Fourth edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Chen Lo, F., Marcotullio, P., 2001, Globalization and Sustainability of Cities in Asia Pacific Region (Changing Nature of Democracy), United Nations University Press, Tokyo.
Saiednia, A., 2005, Solid municipal waste, Vol.7 , Third Edition of Green Book of the Municipality, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Dignitaries of the Country, Tehran. (In Persian)
Imani Jajarmi, H., Bigdeli, M., Hanachi, S., 2005, Sustainable Urban Management, Participatory Experiences of Municipalities and Islamic Councils of Cities, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Daisies of the Country, Second Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Poorkhabaz, H., Poorkhabaz, A.R., Javanmardi, S., 2012, Urban Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Management System, Publications of the Municipal Organization and Dehariyah of the Country, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Ahrampoush, M.H., Frasad, M., Baghiani Moghadam, M.H., 2007, Environmental Health Principles, Sobhan Publications, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Omrani, GH., Karbasi, A.B., Arjmandi, R., Hbib Poor, A.A., 2011, Developing Optimal Strategies for Urban Waste Management Using SWOT and QSPM, Case Study: Sari City, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 26. (In Persian)
Amirbaigi, H., 2011, Environmental Health Principles, Andisheh Rafi Publications, Third Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Omrani, GH., Alavi Nakhjavani, N., 2010, Solid waste (recycling), Vol.2, Andisheh Rafi Publication, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Abasvand, M., 2009, Investigating the Process of Urban Waste Management in Golestan Province, Research Institute for Urban and Rural Studies, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Daisies of the Country, Tehran. (In Persian)
Szalatkiewicz, J., Szewczyk, R., Budny, E., Missala, T., Winiarski, W., 2013, Construction Aspects of Plasma Based Technology for Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Management in Urban Areas, Procedia Engineering 57.
Kaseva, M., Mbuligwe, S., Kassenga, G., 2002, Recycling Inorganic Domestic Solid Waste: Results from a Pilot Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Redources, Conservation and Recycling 35.
Herbert, L., 2001, The McGraw Hill Recycling Handbook, Washington D.C.
Suttibak, S., Nitivattananon, V., 2008, Assessment of Factors Influencing the Performance of Solid Waste Recycling Programs, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53.
Maghsoudlu, B., et., al., 2007, Principles of Planning a Methodological Process for Locating and evaluation of Locating the Urban Waste Landfill Centers, Yazd. (In Persian)
Moharamnejad, N., Tehrani, M., 2008, Investigating internal and external factors of urban wastes management in metropolitan cities using SWOT method and formation of QSPM matrix, Tehran. (In Persian)
Pouralaghebandan., H.R., 2008, Separation from the source in Isfahan, a new experience, Isfahan. (In Persian)
Abasvand, M., 2009, Urban Waste Management Evaluation, Case Study: Golestan Province, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 20.
Tehran Municipality Information Center,2017(In Persia
_||_Reference
Pichtel, J., Waste, 2005, Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous and Industrial, Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton.
Dan’azimi Jibril, J., Bin Sipan, I., Sapri, M., Aliyu Shika, S., Isa, M., Abdullah, S., 2012, 3R’s Critical Success Factor in Solid Waste Management System for Higher Educational Institutions, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 65.
21th Rio Conference agenda, 1992(In Persian)
Omrani, GH., 2011, Solid waste (Management, collect and transport, sanitary ware and composting), Islamic Azad University Press, Vol.1, Fourth edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Chen Lo, F., Marcotullio, P., 2001, Globalization and Sustainability of Cities in Asia Pacific Region (Changing Nature of Democracy), United Nations University Press, Tokyo.
Saiednia, A., 2005, Solid municipal waste, Vol.7 , Third Edition of Green Book of the Municipality, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Dignitaries of the Country, Tehran. (In Persian)
Imani Jajarmi, H., Bigdeli, M., Hanachi, S., 2005, Sustainable Urban Management, Participatory Experiences of Municipalities and Islamic Councils of Cities, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Daisies of the Country, Second Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Poorkhabaz, H., Poorkhabaz, A.R., Javanmardi, S., 2012, Urban Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Management System, Publications of the Municipal Organization and Dehariyah of the Country, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Ahrampoush, M.H., Frasad, M., Baghiani Moghadam, M.H., 2007, Environmental Health Principles, Sobhan Publications, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Omrani, GH., Karbasi, A.B., Arjmandi, R., Hbib Poor, A.A., 2011, Developing Optimal Strategies for Urban Waste Management Using SWOT and QSPM, Case Study: Sari City, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 26. (In Persian)
Amirbaigi, H., 2011, Environmental Health Principles, Andisheh Rafi Publications, Third Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Omrani, GH., Alavi Nakhjavani, N., 2010, Solid waste (recycling), Vol.2, Andisheh Rafi Publication, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
Abasvand, M., 2009, Investigating the Process of Urban Waste Management in Golestan Province, Research Institute for Urban and Rural Studies, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Daisies of the Country, Tehran. (In Persian)
Szalatkiewicz, J., Szewczyk, R., Budny, E., Missala, T., Winiarski, W., 2013, Construction Aspects of Plasma Based Technology for Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Management in Urban Areas, Procedia Engineering 57.
Kaseva, M., Mbuligwe, S., Kassenga, G., 2002, Recycling Inorganic Domestic Solid Waste: Results from a Pilot Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Redources, Conservation and Recycling 35.
Herbert, L., 2001, The McGraw Hill Recycling Handbook, Washington D.C.
Suttibak, S., Nitivattananon, V., 2008, Assessment of Factors Influencing the Performance of Solid Waste Recycling Programs, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53.
Maghsoudlu, B., et., al., 2007, Principles of Planning a Methodological Process for Locating and evaluation of Locating the Urban Waste Landfill Centers, Yazd. (In Persian)
Moharamnejad, N., Tehrani, M., 2008, Investigating internal and external factors of urban wastes management in metropolitan cities using SWOT method and formation of QSPM matrix, Tehran. (In Persian)
Pouralaghebandan., H.R., 2008, Separation from the source in Isfahan, a new experience, Isfahan. (In Persian)
Abasvand, M., 2009, Urban Waste Management Evaluation, Case Study: Golestan Province, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 20.
Tehran Municipality Information Center,2017(In Persia
