واکاوی تحلیلی-قیاسی آثار معماری ارگانیک در ایران (دورة پهلوی دوم)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی
آلاله سامیر
1
,
مریم چشمه قصابانی
2
,
حسین کریم آبادی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پردیس، پردیس، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پردیس، پردیس، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، قروین، ایران.
کلید واژه: معماری ارگانیک, معماری پهلوی دوم, معماری مدرن, معماری معاصر ایران.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: سبک ارگانیک، به تأثیر از جنبش‌های آزادی‌خواهانة برگرفته از مدرنیسم، شکل گرفت که برای بیان آزادی‌خواهی در شخصیت معمارانة خویش، ویژگی‌ها و اصولی مانند طبیعت به عنوان الگو، فردگرایی و ملی‌گرایی را تعریف نمود. با وجود مطرح بودن این سبک تا به امروز، هنوز شناخت جامعی از آن در معماری معاصر ایران صورت نگرفته، لذا، در این پژوهش به تحلیل آثار معماری این سبک، در دورة -پهلوی دوم- پرداخته می‌شود تا بدینوسیله، ویژگی‌های مشترک آ‌ن‌ها تبیین گردند. روش بررسی: پژوهش تاریخی حاضر، با رویکردی تحلیلی-تطبیقی، از استدلال استنتاجی و قیاسی بهره گرفته است. ابتدا، اصول معماری سبک ارگانیک، که از مطالعة تطبیقی شواهد مکتوب و اسناد موجود، به دست آمدند، به‌عنوان معیار سنجش تبیین شدند. سپس، فهرستی از آثار معماری ارگانیک در ایران تهیه گردید تا به شیوة نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، نمونه‌هایی جهت تحلیل انتخاب شوند. درنهایت نیز نمونه‌موردی‌های تحلیل‌شده، با اصول معماری ارگانیک، مورد قیاس قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: معماری ارگانیک در ایران، جهت طراحی بنا و منظر، با اهداف مختلفی به‌کار گرفته شده که در این میان، حفظ پتانسیل‌های محیط طبیعی و استفادة دوباره از آن با حداقل دخالت انسانی در راستای موضوع طراحی، مشترک هستند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهند آثار معماری ارگانیک در ایران در دورۀ پهلوی دوم، هرکدام به تبع سبک ارگانیک، توانسته‌اند در عین تفاوت با یکدیگر به لحاظ معماران و نحوۀ طراحی، دارای مفاهیمی مشترک همچون تلفیق محیط مصنوع با محیط طبیعی باشند که از سبک ارگانیک سرچشمه‌گرفته و در آثار مزبور ظهور یافته‌اند.
Background and Objective: The organic style, influenced by the libertarian movements, which derived from modernism. In order to define libertarianism for the architectural character of its own, this style, specified characteristics, and principles such as nature as a model, individualism, and nationalism. Despite the importance of this style to date, it has not yet been fully studied in contemporary Iranian architecture. Thus, in this study, the architectural works of organic style in the period - the second Pahlavi - are analyzed to explain the common features. Methods: The present historical research, with an analytical-comparative approach, has used inferential and deductive reasoning. First, the principles of organic style architecture, derived from a comparative study of written evidence and existing documents, were explained as a criterion of measurement. Then, a list of works of organic architecture in Iran was prepared to select samples for analysis by purposive sampling. Finally, the analyzed samples were compared with the principles of organic architecture. Findings: Organic architecture in Iran, in building and landscape design, has been used for various purposes, among which, preserving the potentials of the natural environment and reusing it with minimal human intervention, are in line with the common design theme. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the works of organic architecture in Iran in the second Pahlavi period, have able to have common concepts according to the organic style, such as the integration of the artificial environment with the natural environment, which originated from the organic style and has been appeared in these works.
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