اثر پومیس بر دور آبیاری و کیفیت غذایی پیازدر دونوع بافت خاک تحت شرایط کم آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت منابع آبالناز صباغ تازه 1 , نسرین صادقیان 2
1 - استادیار گروه علوم خاک، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران. ( مسئول مکاتبات) *.
2 - دانش آموخته دکتری فیزیک و حفاظت خاک، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان.
کلید واژه: پومیس, پیاز, عناصر کم مصرف, فراهمی آب, بافت خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به محدودیت منابع آب دراکثرمناطق ایران، استفاده از پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب می تواند راهکاری مؤثر درجهت بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی، حاصلخیزی خاک و حفظ ذخیره رطوبتی خاک باشد. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر پومیس بر فراهمی آب، ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و تغذیه ای در خاک‌هایی با بافت ریز و درشت، تحت کشت پیاز بوده است. روش بررسی: این تحقیق در بهار سال 1396طی آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه فاکتور نوع خاک (با دو بافت لوم شنی و لوم رسی)، دور آبیاری (با دو سطح چهار و هفت روز یک‌بار) و پومیس (با چهار سطح 0 ،5/2 ، 5 و 5/7 % وزنی) در سه تکرار انجام شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که افزایش سطوح پومیس توانست غلظت عناصر غذایی فسفر، پتاسیم، گوگرد، آهن، منگنز و روی در پیاز را افزایش دهد. در اکثر موارد بین دو سطح 5 و 5/7 % وزنی پومیس اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. تاثیر مثبت پومیس در خاک لوم شنی بیشتر از خاک لوم رسی مشهود بود. در تیمارهایی که پومیس دریافت کرده بودند، بین دورهای آبیاری چهار و هفت روز یک‌بار در هیچ کدام از صفات بررسی شده غیر از غلظت مس گیاه تفاوتی وجود اشت. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با کاربرد پومیس با سطح 5 % وزنی می توان دور آبیاری پیاز را از چهار روز به هفت روز یک‌بار افزایش داد. با توجه به این‌که دور آبیاری از عوامل مهم در کشت پیاز است، کاربرد پومیس در هر دو نوع خاک می تواند صرفه اقتصادی خوبی در آب مصرفی ایجاد نماید.
Background and Objective: Due to scarcity of water in most regions of Iran, the use of superabsorbent polymers is known as a helpful approach in improving soil physical and chemical properties, soil fertility and water resources storage. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pumice on water availability, chemical and nutritional properties in a course and fine textured soils under onion cultivation. Method: This research, was conducted in spring of 2017 in greenhouse as factorial in form of CRD design with three factors including soil texture (with two levels: sandy loam and clay loam), irrigation schedule (with two levels: every 4 and every 7 days) and pumice (with four levels: 0 (C1), 2.5 (C2), 5 (C3) and 7.5 (C4) percentage w/w) which were carried out in three replications. Findings: Results, showed that increasing pumice rate, could increase P, K, S, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration in onion. In most cases, there was no significant difference between 5 and 7.5 percentages of pumice rates. Positive effect of pumice in sandy loam soil was more than clay loam. In pumice treatments, there was no significant difference between two irrigation rates, for none of parameters except for Cu concentration in plant. Discussion and Conclusion: By Application of 5 percentage w/w pumice in soil, irrigation schedule of onion could be increased from 4 days to 7 days. Noting that the irrigation schedule is one of the most important factors in onion cultivation, pumice application, can cause a good economic efficiency in water use.
1. Forouzani, M., and Kapani, E. 2001. Agricultural water poverty index and sustainability. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 31, pp. 415-432.
2. Flanagan, D. C., Chaudhari, K. and Norton, DL. D. 2002. Polyacrylamide soil amendent effects on runoff and sediment yield on steep slopes. Part I. Simulated rainfall conditions. ASAE. 45(5): 1327-1337.
3. Lentez, R. D., Shainberg, I. and Carter, D. L. 1992. Preventing irrigation furrow erosion with small applications of polymers. Soil Science Society of American Journal, Vol. 56, pp. 1926-1932.
4. Peterson, J. R., Flanagan, J. and Shmact, K. T. 2002. SPAM application method and electrolyte source effects on plot-scale runoff and erosion. ASAE. 1859-1867.
5. Sadeghian, N., Neyshabouri, M. R., Jafarzadeh, A. U and Turchy, M. 2006. Effect of pumice, polyacrylamide and straw on infiltration and hydraulic conductivity under rain-irrigation andflooding. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 16(4), pp. 47 – 53. (persian).
6. Neyshabouri, M. R., Sadeghian, N., Jafarzadeh, A. A. and Tourchi, M.(2007). Effect Of Polyacryyilamide, Pumice and Straw On Infiltration and Hydrulic Conductivity Under Sprinkler and Flooded conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 16, pp. 39 -50.(persian).
7. Bagarello, V. and Sgroi, A. 2007. Using the simplified falling head technique to detect temporal changes in field-saturated hydraulic conductivity at the surface of a sandy loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research, Vol. 94, pp. 283-294.
8. Ajwa, H. A. and Trout, T. J. 2006. Polyacrylamide and water quality effects on infiltration in sandy loam soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, Vol. 70, pp. 643-650. (persian).
9. Nyamangara, J. Gotosa, J. and Mpofu, SE. 2001. Cattle manure effects on structural stability and water retention capacity of a granitic sandy soil in Zimbawe. Soil and Tillage Research, Vol. pp. 62, 157-162.
10. Zare Haghi, D., Neyshabouri, M. R., Sadeghzadeh, M. U and Hassanpour, R. 2015. Effect of Pumice on water holding capacity in soil, growth and yield of spring safflower in dryland conditions. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. Vol. 5(3), pp. 191-204. (persian).
11. Rostamfrodi, b. 2005. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of onion cultivars and determining the relationship between some traits with storage capacity. Seedlings and Seeds, Vol. 22(1), pp. 67 – 86. (persian).
12. Sabbaghi, A. S. R., Golchin, A. and Delaware, M. U. 2011. Effect of irrigation intervals and different levels of nitrogen on yield and some qualities of onion. First National Congress of Science and Technology. (persian).
13. Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. 1986. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. PP. 539-579 . In: Page et al. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. ASA, SSSA, Madison, USA.
14. Olsen, S .R. and Sommers, L. E. 1982. Phosphorus. pp. 403-430. In: Page et al. (Eds.), Methods ofSoil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA: Madison, WI.
15. Knudsen, D., Paterson, G. A. and Pratt, P. F. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potasium. PP. 225-246. In: Page et al. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. ASA, SSSA, Madison, USA.
16. Cottenie, A. 1980. Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. FAO Soils Bulletin 38/2, PP. 94-100.
17. Tavasoli, A. S. and Basirat, M. 2016. Herbal Nutrition Guide on Onions. (persian).
18. Soltanali Nejad, N., Samadi, A., Asgarzadeh, H. and government, B. 2015. Effect of ventilation porosity and consumption of urea and calcium phosphate on the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium during incubation. Applied Soil Research, Vol. 3(2), pp.101-115. (persian).
19. Behbahani, M., Asadzadeh, A. S. and Jebli, C. 2005. Evaluation of the effect of superabsorbent hydrogels and irrigation treatments on nutrient preservation in hydroponic substrates. The third educational period and the specialization of the application of super-hydrogels. Polymer Petrochemical Research Center of Iran. Tehran. Iran. (persian).
20. Karimi, A., Noushadi, M. and Ahmadzadeh, M. 2008. The Effect of Ammonium Absorbent (Igita) on soil water, plant growth and irrigation interval. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vol. 46, pp. 402-414. (persian).
21. Abedi Kupayee, J. and Massoor Saleh, A. M. 2009. Evaluation of Polymer-permeable application on yield, water use efficiency and nutrient storage in greenhouse cucumber. Irrigation and DrainageJournal of Iran, Vol. 2(3), pp. 100-111. (persian).
22. Moradi Zaniani, A., Zarbash, A. S. and Khodadadi, M. 2010. Effect of sulfur on yield, quality and storage capacity of two cultivars of onion. Journal of Planting and Seed, Vol. 26, pp. 153-160.(persian).
23. Miller, D. E. 1979. Effect of H-SPAN on waterretention by soil after irrigation. Soil Science Society of American Journal, Vol. 43, pp. 628-629.
24. Malakutti, M. J. and Ghaybi, M. N. 2000. Determination of critical level of effective nutrients in soil, plant and fruit. Karaj Agricultural Education Publishing Center. Iran. (persian).
25. Ali Asgharzadeh, N. 1997. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry (Translation). Tabriz University Press. 425 p.(persian).
26. Bolandnazar, S. A., Dadvar, J., Sharghi , A. and Malavali, M. 2009. Effect of irrigation and storage time on the onion. The 6th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress, Rasht, Gilan University. (persian).
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1. Forouzani, M., and Kapani, E. 2001. Agricultural water poverty index and sustainability. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 31, pp. 415-432.
2. Flanagan, D. C., Chaudhari, K. and Norton, DL. D. 2002. Polyacrylamide soil amendent effects on runoff and sediment yield on steep slopes. Part I. Simulated rainfall conditions. ASAE. 45(5): 1327-1337.
3. Lentez, R. D., Shainberg, I. and Carter, D. L. 1992. Preventing irrigation furrow erosion with small applications of polymers. Soil Science Society of American Journal, Vol. 56, pp. 1926-1932.
4. Peterson, J. R., Flanagan, J. and Shmact, K. T. 2002. SPAM application method and electrolyte source effects on plot-scale runoff and erosion. ASAE. 1859-1867.
5. Sadeghian, N., Neyshabouri, M. R., Jafarzadeh, A. U and Turchy, M. 2006. Effect of pumice, polyacrylamide and straw on infiltration and hydraulic conductivity under rain-irrigation andflooding. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 16(4), pp. 47 – 53. (persian).
6. Neyshabouri, M. R., Sadeghian, N., Jafarzadeh, A. A. and Tourchi, M.(2007). Effect Of Polyacryyilamide, Pumice and Straw On Infiltration and Hydrulic Conductivity Under Sprinkler and Flooded conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 16, pp. 39 -50.(persian).
7. Bagarello, V. and Sgroi, A. 2007. Using the simplified falling head technique to detect temporal changes in field-saturated hydraulic conductivity at the surface of a sandy loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research, Vol. 94, pp. 283-294.
8. Ajwa, H. A. and Trout, T. J. 2006. Polyacrylamide and water quality effects on infiltration in sandy loam soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, Vol. 70, pp. 643-650. (persian).
9. Nyamangara, J. Gotosa, J. and Mpofu, SE. 2001. Cattle manure effects on structural stability and water retention capacity of a granitic sandy soil in Zimbawe. Soil and Tillage Research, Vol. pp. 62, 157-162.
10. Zare Haghi, D., Neyshabouri, M. R., Sadeghzadeh, M. U and Hassanpour, R. 2015. Effect of Pumice on water holding capacity in soil, growth and yield of spring safflower in dryland conditions. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. Vol. 5(3), pp. 191-204. (persian).
11. Rostamfrodi, b. 2005. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of onion cultivars and determining the relationship between some traits with storage capacity. Seedlings and Seeds, Vol. 22(1), pp. 67 – 86. (persian).
12. Sabbaghi, A. S. R., Golchin, A. and Delaware, M. U. 2011. Effect of irrigation intervals and different levels of nitrogen on yield and some qualities of onion. First National Congress of Science and Technology. (persian).
13. Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. 1986. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. PP. 539-579 . In: Page et al. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. ASA, SSSA, Madison, USA.
14. Olsen, S .R. and Sommers, L. E. 1982. Phosphorus. pp. 403-430. In: Page et al. (Eds.), Methods ofSoil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. ASA and SSSA: Madison, WI.
15. Knudsen, D., Paterson, G. A. and Pratt, P. F. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potasium. PP. 225-246. In: Page et al. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. ASA, SSSA, Madison, USA.
16. Cottenie, A. 1980. Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. FAO Soils Bulletin 38/2, PP. 94-100.
17. Tavasoli, A. S. and Basirat, M. 2016. Herbal Nutrition Guide on Onions. (persian).
18. Soltanali Nejad, N., Samadi, A., Asgarzadeh, H. and government, B. 2015. Effect of ventilation porosity and consumption of urea and calcium phosphate on the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium during incubation. Applied Soil Research, Vol. 3(2), pp.101-115. (persian).
19. Behbahani, M., Asadzadeh, A. S. and Jebli, C. 2005. Evaluation of the effect of superabsorbent hydrogels and irrigation treatments on nutrient preservation in hydroponic substrates. The third educational period and the specialization of the application of super-hydrogels. Polymer Petrochemical Research Center of Iran. Tehran. Iran. (persian).
20. Karimi, A., Noushadi, M. and Ahmadzadeh, M. 2008. The Effect of Ammonium Absorbent (Igita) on soil water, plant growth and irrigation interval. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vol. 46, pp. 402-414. (persian).
21. Abedi Kupayee, J. and Massoor Saleh, A. M. 2009. Evaluation of Polymer-permeable application on yield, water use efficiency and nutrient storage in greenhouse cucumber. Irrigation and DrainageJournal of Iran, Vol. 2(3), pp. 100-111. (persian).
22. Moradi Zaniani, A., Zarbash, A. S. and Khodadadi, M. 2010. Effect of sulfur on yield, quality and storage capacity of two cultivars of onion. Journal of Planting and Seed, Vol. 26, pp. 153-160.(persian).
23. Miller, D. E. 1979. Effect of H-SPAN on waterretention by soil after irrigation. Soil Science Society of American Journal, Vol. 43, pp. 628-629.
24. Malakutti, M. J. and Ghaybi, M. N. 2000. Determination of critical level of effective nutrients in soil, plant and fruit. Karaj Agricultural Education Publishing Center. Iran. (persian).
25. Ali Asgharzadeh, N. 1997. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry (Translation). Tabriz University Press. 425 p.(persian).
26. Bolandnazar, S. A., Dadvar, J., Sharghi , A. and Malavali, M. 2009. Effect of irrigation and storage time on the onion. The 6th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress, Rasht, Gilan University. (persian).