ارزیابی تاثیر ایجاد پیاده‌راه بر حجم ترافیک سواره معابر پیرامونی (نمونه موردی: محدوده پیاده‌راه 15 خرداد شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستخشایار کاشانی جو 1 , حامد محمدی 2
1 - دکتری شهرسازی، استادیار و عضو هیأت علمی گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهر قدس، تهران، ایران*(مسؤول مکاتبات).
2 - - کارشناسی ارشد شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: خیابان 15خرداد, پیاده مداری, پیاده‌راه, تبخیر ترافیک, آزمون واریانس یک‌طرفه,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پیاده‌راه‌ها یکی از مهم‌ترین فضاهای شهری معاصر محسوب می‌شوند که باتوجه به قدمت نه چندان طولانی در کشورمان، هنوز ابعاد ناشناخته‌ای از آنها باقی مانده است. این پژوهش درصدد کشف ارتباط بین مسدود شدن خیابان بر سواره با تغییر در حجم تردد خودرو‌ها در معابر پیرامونی در طول زمان است.روش بررسی: این پژوهش کاربردی، با گردآوری اطلاعات نظری از طریق مطالعات اسنادی_کتابخانه‌ای و جمع‌آوری داده‌های میدانی از روش مشاهده و مصاحبه صورت گرفته است و تحقیقی توصیفی- تحلیلی به شمار می‌رود. نمونه مطالعاتی این پژوهش، محدوده خیابان 15خرداد تهران است. با بررسی میزان اختلاف حجم تردد سواره در سالهای 2011، 2014 و 2016 در نرم افزار SPSS و طبق آزمون واریانس یک‌طرفه، تفاوت معنی‌داری در میانگین حجم تردد خودرو‌های معابر مورد مطالعه مشاهده گردید که فرضیه افزایش حجم ترافیک سواره در معابر پیرامون خیابان 15 خرداد پس از تبدیل به پیاده‌راه را رد می‌نماید.یافته‌ها: محاسبات عددی نشان می‌دهد که پس از ایجاد پیاده‌راه 15خرداد، هم‌سو با نمونه‌های مشابه جهانی، طی یک دوره 3 ساله 7/15 درصد و در دوره‌ای 5 ساله 7/20 درصد حجم تردد سواره در محورهای پیرامونی آن ناپدید شده است که ناشی از تغییر مسیر و زمان سفر شهروندان و استفاده از سفرهای چندحالتی کسبه است.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: از این‌رو، به نظر می‌رسد تغییر نگرشی در میان مسوولین شهری در خصوص انتقال اثرات ترافیکی ایجاد پیاده‌راه بر محدوده‌های پیرامونی آن الزامی است.
Background and Objective: Walkable streets are considered as one of the most important contemporary urban spaces that there are still unknown dimensions of them due to not so long record in our country. This research seeks to discover the connection between closing the street on cars and the change in the traffic volume of automobiles in peripheral routes over time.Method: This applied research has been done by collecting theoretical information through documentary studies and local investigations using observation and interview method and is a descriptive-analytic research. The case study is 15th Khordad walkable street in Tehran.Findins: By evaluating differences in traffic volumes in 2011, 2014 and 2016 with SPSS software and based on One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), there was a significant difference in the average traffic volume of the vehicles in the study area and rejects the hypothesis of increasing the traffic volume of motor vehicles in the periphery area of 15th Khordad. Numerical calculations show that 15.7% of traffic jams over a three-year period, and 20.7% over a five-year period in the surrounding routes disappeared after creating 15th Khordad walkable street because of changing in citizens direction and travel time and using of multi-modal trips by business-men.Discussion & Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that a paradigm shift among urban managers about traffic effects transmission of creating walkable street to periphery areas is necessary.
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6. http://www.culturechange.org/issue14/pedestrianmall.html.
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11. Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, 1996, Urban Design Guidelines (Section 10); Pedestrian routes; Center for Urban and Architecture Studies and Research, Iran, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
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14. U.S.Department Of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, 2014, Road Diet Informational Guide, FHWA Safety Program.
15. Litman. T, 2013, SMARTER CONGESTION RELIEF IN ASIAN CITIES, Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific, No. 82.
16. Melia. S, Parkhurst. G, Barton. H, 2011, The Paradox of Intensification, Transport Policy, Vol. 18, No.1, 46-52.
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Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pubs/pdf/streets_people.pdf.
19. http://www.onestreet.org/resources-for-increasing-bicycling/115-traffic-evaporation.
20. Seattle Urban Mobility Plan, 2008, Best Practices in Transportation Demand Management, 7A-1.
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23. Goodwin. PB, Hass-Klau. C, Cairns. S, 1998, Evidence of the effects of road capacity reduction on traffic levels, Traffic Engineering and Control.
24. Litman. T, 2001, Generated Traffic; Implications for Transport Planning, ITE Journal, Vol. 71, No. 4, 38-47, Available from www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf.
25. Fallah Monshadi, E,. Habibi, S,. Rouhi, A., 2012, Urban Pedestrian walkways, from idea to practice; Evaluation of the pedestrian market of Tehran. Architectural and Urban Planning, No. 9, 45-63. (In Persian)
26. Tehran Traffic Transportation Organization, 2014, Interview with the managers and relevant authorities of the 15th Khordad pedestrian walkway construction project. (In Persian)
27. Rouhi, A., Fallah Monshadi, E,. Khodaverdi, S,. 2013, Challenges and Opportunities Constructing Pedestrian Walkway in Tehran; Comparative Evaluation and Comparative Comparison of 11 Walkways in Tehran, Study and Planning of Tehran City Center. (In Persian)
28. Negin Shahr-e- Ayande Consulting Engineers, 2011, The project of pedestrian construction in the historical area of the 12th municipality of Tehran. (In Persian)
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1. Pakzad, J., 2004. Urban Space Design Guide in Iran, Design Company and Sima Publication (Ministry of Housing and Urban Development), Tehran. (In Persian)
2. Knoflacher, H,. 2001, Principles of Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning, Third Edition, Fereydoun Gharib: Translator, Tehran University Press.
3. Saeidi Rezvani, N,. Sheshpari, Z,. 2013, A method for city pedestriansation (common spaces), Architectural / Utopian township, Municipalities Monthly, No. 118. (In Persian)
4. Cairns. S, Atkins. S, Goodwin. P, 2002, Disappearing traffic? The story so far, Municipal Engineer, No. 5, 13-22.
5. Beatty, J. Coletta, T. Rogan, R. 2009, Investigation of the Overall Traffic Reducing Effect of Closing Sections of Nørrebrogade, faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
6. http://www.culturechange.org/issue14/pedestrianmall.html.
7. Tibbalds, F., 2013, Human-Oriented cities: Improving urban environments in large and small cities, Jaddali, F., laghaee H A., Translators, Tehran University. (In Persian)
8. Mortazavi, S,. 2011, Recognition of pedestrian as a place for spending leisure time in the city, Monthly City and Landscape, second year, No. 12. (In Persian)
9. Moieni, S M,. 2015, Pedestrian Cities, Azarakhsh Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
10. Hosseinion, S,. 2003, Introduction to Pedestrian pathways Design, Municipal Magazine, No.61, 6Th Year. (In Persian)
11. Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, 1996, Urban Design Guidelines (Section 10); Pedestrian routes; Center for Urban and Architecture Studies and Research, Iran, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
12. American Planning Association, 2009, Planning and urban design standards,place and placemaking, (G. Etemad& M. Behzadfar& S. Milani, Trans), Iranian Society of Consulting Engineers publication, In Persian.
13. Brambilla. R, Longo. G, 1977, Pedestrian Zones: a design guide, Columbia University.
14. U.S.Department Of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, 2014, Road Diet Informational Guide, FHWA Safety Program.
15. Litman. T, 2013, SMARTER CONGESTION RELIEF IN ASIAN CITIES, Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific, No. 82.
16. Melia. S, Parkhurst. G, Barton. H, 2011, The Paradox of Intensification, Transport Policy, Vol. 18, No.1, 46-52.
17. Fitzgerald & Halliday , Inc, 2008, Traffic Calming Resource Guide, South Central Regional Council of Governments.
18. Wallström. M, 2004, Reclaiming city streets for people, Chaos or quality of life? European
Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pubs/pdf/streets_people.pdf.
19. http://www.onestreet.org/resources-for-increasing-bicycling/115-traffic-evaporation.
20. Seattle Urban Mobility Plan, 2008, Best Practices in Transportation Demand Management, 7A-1.
21. Litman. T, 2015, Generated Traffic and Induced Travel, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, www.vtpi.org
22. Taghizade, M., 2007, The need to change the attitudes of traffic, Ahmadi Publication, 2nd Edition, Tehran.(In Persian)
23. Goodwin. PB, Hass-Klau. C, Cairns. S, 1998, Evidence of the effects of road capacity reduction on traffic levels, Traffic Engineering and Control.
24. Litman. T, 2001, Generated Traffic; Implications for Transport Planning, ITE Journal, Vol. 71, No. 4, 38-47, Available from www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf.
25. Fallah Monshadi, E,. Habibi, S,. Rouhi, A., 2012, Urban Pedestrian walkways, from idea to practice; Evaluation of the pedestrian market of Tehran. Architectural and Urban Planning, No. 9, 45-63. (In Persian)
26. Tehran Traffic Transportation Organization, 2014, Interview with the managers and relevant authorities of the 15th Khordad pedestrian walkway construction project. (In Persian)
27. Rouhi, A., Fallah Monshadi, E,. Khodaverdi, S,. 2013, Challenges and Opportunities Constructing Pedestrian Walkway in Tehran; Comparative Evaluation and Comparative Comparison of 11 Walkways in Tehran, Study and Planning of Tehran City Center. (In Persian)
28. Negin Shahr-e- Ayande Consulting Engineers, 2011, The project of pedestrian construction in the historical area of the 12th municipality of Tehran. (In Persian)