بررسی غلظت باقی‌مانده سم ارگانوفسفره دیازینون در آب رودخانه عباس‌آباد همدان
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
سحر عرفی یگانه
1
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.)
سهیل سبحان اردکانی
2
(استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
سعید جامه بزرگی
3
(دانشیار گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1393/12/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/07/28
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/04/01
کلید واژه:
دیازینون,
رودخانه عباس‌آباد,
اسپکتروفتومتری,
همدان,
آلودگی آب,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: رشد روزافزون جمعیت و نیاز به توسعه تولیدات کشاورزی باعث افزایش کاربرد آفت کش ها و در نتیجه آلودگی منابع آب به عنوان یکی از معضلات محیط‌زیستی شده است. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف تعیین غلظت باقی مانده آفت کش دیازینون در آب رودخانه عباس آباد همدان در سال 1393 انجام یافت.روش بررسی: پس از بازدید میدانی و انتخاب چهار ایستگاه در طول رودخانه به‌روش تصادفی سیستماتیک، نمونه برداری از آب در اواخر اردیبهشت‌ماه و اواخر تیرماه انجام یافت. نمونه ها با استفاده از روش استخراج فاز مایع آماده و غلظت باقی مانده سم به وسیله دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر‎ خوانده شد. برای پردازش آماری داده ها نیز از نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد.یافته ها: بیشینه میانگین غلظت باقی مانده سم دیازینون در نمونه های فصول بهار و تابستان ( میکروگرم در لیتر) با 2/10 ± 0/97 و 7/13 ± 202 به ترتیب مربوط به ایستگاه های 3 و 2 بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین غلظت باقی مانده سم دیازینون در نمونه های فصول بهار و تابستان با رهنمودهای WHO و EPA نیز نشان داد که میانگین غلظت باقی مانده سم در هر دو فصل از بیشینه رواداری این سازمان ها بیش تر بوده است.بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به تجاوز میانگین غلظت باقی مانده سم در نمونه های آب مورد ارزیابی، توجه به مواردی از جمله آموزش باغ داران به منظور استفاده صحیح و اصولی از سموم آفت کش ضروری است. هم چنین به منظور استفاده از آب این رودخانه برای شرب و یا پرورش ماهیان سردآبی باید تمهیداتی اندیشیده شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Increasing population growth and the need to develop agricultural products have increased the use of pesticides and thus the pollution of water resources as one of the environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the residual concentration of diazinon pesticide in the water of Abbasabad River in Hamedan in 2014.Method: Water samples were collected from four stations along the Abbas Abad River. In the laboratory, after sample preparation, diazinon residues were determined using a spectrophotometric method. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software.Findings: The maximum mean concentration of diazinon residues (µg/L) in samples of spring and summer seasons were 97.0 ± 10.2 and 202 ± 13.7, respectively. Also, the mean contents of pesticide residues in the water samples in both seasons were higher than the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) established by WHO and EPA.Discussion and Conclusion: Due to exceeding the average residual concentration of pesticides in the evaluated water samples, it is necessary to pay attention to issues such as training gardeners in order to use pesticides correctly and in principle. Also, measures should be considered in order to use the water of this river for drinking or farming cold-water fish.
منابع و مأخذ:
Sobhanardakani, S., Heydari, A., Khorasani, N.A., Arjmandi, R., Ehteshami, M. (2009). Preparation of new biofungicides using antagonistic bacteria and mineral compounds for controlling cotton seedling damping-off disease. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 49(1), 49-55.
Sobhan Ardakani, S., Heydari, A., Khorasani, N., Arjmandi, R. (2010). Development of new bioformulations of Pseudomonas fluorescens and evaluation of these products against damping-off of cotton seedlings. Journal of Plant Pathology, 92(1), 83-88.
Sobhanardakani, S. (2015). Residual levels of diazinon and benomyl on greenhouse mushrooms. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 9(29), 1307-1311.
Shayeghi, M., Khoobdel, M., Vatandoost, H. (2007). Determination of organophosphorus insecticides (malathion and diazinon) residue in the drinking water. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(17), 2900-2904.
Khodadadi, M., Samadi, M., Rahmani, A., Maleki, R., Allahresani, A,. Shahidi, R. (2010). Determination of organophosphorous and carbamat pesticides residue in drinking water resources of Hamadan in 2007. Iranaian Journal of Health and Environment, 2(4), 250-257. (In Persian)
Sobhanardakani, S., Sadri, S., Jameh Bozorgi, S. (2014). Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residue in greenhouse crops using spectrophotometry (case study: mushroom). Journal of Food Hygiene, 3(4), 73-80. (In Persian)
Sobhanardakani, S., Jamalipour, P. (2017). Determination of some organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in water of Gargar River. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19, 223-236. (In Persian)
Khara, H., Salar Amoli, J., Mazloumi, H., Nezami, Sh., Zolfinezhad, K ., Khodaparast, S.H., Hasan, J., Akbarzadeh, A., Mohammadi, S., Gholipour, S., Ahmadinezhad, M., Ahmadinezhad, T., Gholipour, Z., Taghizadeh, M. (2008). Survey and seasonal measurement of pesticide (hinosan, machete and diazinon) in water of Oshmak River (east of Guilan). Journal of Biology Science, 2(14), 29-43. (In Persian)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2009). Pesticide Program. Residue Monitoring. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Available at: http://www.FDA/Pesticide. Annual Report of Pesticide.
Cengiz, M.F., Certel, M., Gocmen, H. (2006). Residue contents of DDVP (Dichlorvos) and Diazinon applied on cucumbers grown in greenhouses and their reduction by duration of a pre-harvest interval and post-harvest culinary applications. Food Chemistry, 98(1), 127-135.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2004). Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Diazinon, US Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs. Washington, D.C.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1998). Diazinon, Environmental Health Criteria, United Nations Environment Programme. International Labour Organization.
Yousofi-Falakdehy, A., Golparvar, Gh., Safdel, H., Nashaei A.A. (2012). Studying pollution of Zilakyrood River in Guilan province, Iran. Iranian Water Researches Journal, 6(10): 197-202. (In Persian)
Azizullah, A., Khattak, M.N.K., Richter, P., Hader, D.P. (2011). Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health, A review. Environment International, 37(2), 479-497.
Shayeghi, M., Khoobdel, M., Bagheri, F., Abtahi, M. (2008). The residues of azinphosmethyl and diazinon in Garaso and Gorganrood rivers in Golestan Province. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 6(1): 75-82. (In Persian)
Palma, G., Sanchsz, A., Olave, Y., Encina, F., Palma, R., Barra, R. (2004). Pestisides levels in surface waters in an agricultural-forestry basin in Southern Chile. Chemosphere, 57(8), 763-770.
17. Nafee, M., Hashemi, M., Ghaderi, F., Reyahi-Khoram M. (2011). Evaluation of water quality changes of Abbasabad River in city of Hamadan. National Conference on Health, Environment and Sustainable Development, 8 P. (In Persian)
Tayebi, L., Sobhanardakani, S. (2012). Monitoring of water quality parameters of Gamasiab River and affecting factors on these parameters. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 53, 37-48. (In Persian)
Sharma, N., Prakash, A. (2008). Determination of persistent pesticide residues in ground water of Agra Region using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography. Asian Journal of Water, Environment Pollution, 5(1), 91-94.
Abedi-Koupai, J., Nasri, Z., Talebi, Kh., Mamanpoush, A., Mousavi. S.F. (2011). Investigation of Zayandehrud water pollution by diazinon and its assimilative capacity. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 15(56) :1-20. (In Persian)
Castilho, J.A., Fenzl, N., Guillen, S.M., Nascimento, F.S. (2000). Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in the Atoya river basin, Chinandega, Nicaragua. Environmental Pollution, 110(3), 523-533.
22. Konstantinou, I.K., Hela, D.G., Albanis, T.A. (2006). The status of pesticide pollution in surface waters (rivers and lakes) of Greece. Part I. Review on occurrence and levels. Environmental Pollution, 141(3), 555-570.
Chowdhury, A.Z., Islam, M.N., Moniruzzaman, M., Gan, S.H., Alam, M.K. (2013). Organochlorine insecticide residues are found in surface, irrigated water samples from several districts in Bangladesh. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 90(2), 149-154.
Rahmanikhah, Z., Esmaeili Sari, A., Bahramifar, N., Shokri Bousjien, Z. (2011). Organophosphorous pesticide residues in surface and ground water in the southern coast watershed of Caspian Sea, Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(2), 253-259.
Shayeghi, M., Darabi, H., Abtahi Hossaini, M., Sadeghi, M., Pakbaz, F., Golestane, S.R. (2007). Assessment of persistence and residue of diazinon and Malathion in three rivers (Mond, Shahpour and Dalaky) of Bushehr Province 2004-2005. Iranian South Medical Journal, 10(1), 54-60. (In Persian)
Dehghani, R., Shayeghi, M., Esalmi, H., Moosavi, S.G., Rabani, D.K., Hossein Shahi, D. (2011). Determination of organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon and chlorpyrifos) in agricultural water resources in Barzok of Kashan in 2011. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 14(10), 66-72. (In Persian)
Arjmandi, R., Tavakol, M., Shayeghi, M. (2010). Determination of diazinon insecticide residues in rice paddies water in Amol by thin layer chromatography technique. International Journal of Environmental Science Technology, 7(1), 175-182.
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Sobhanardakani, S., Heydari, A., Khorasani, N.A., Arjmandi, R., Ehteshami, M. (2009). Preparation of new biofungicides using antagonistic bacteria and mineral compounds for controlling cotton seedling damping-off disease. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 49(1), 49-55.
Sobhan Ardakani, S., Heydari, A., Khorasani, N., Arjmandi, R. (2010). Development of new bioformulations of Pseudomonas fluorescens and evaluation of these products against damping-off of cotton seedlings. Journal of Plant Pathology, 92(1), 83-88.
Sobhanardakani, S. (2015). Residual levels of diazinon and benomyl on greenhouse mushrooms. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 9(29), 1307-1311.
Shayeghi, M., Khoobdel, M., Vatandoost, H. (2007). Determination of organophosphorus insecticides (malathion and diazinon) residue in the drinking water. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(17), 2900-2904.
Khodadadi, M., Samadi, M., Rahmani, A., Maleki, R., Allahresani, A,. Shahidi, R. (2010). Determination of organophosphorous and carbamat pesticides residue in drinking water resources of Hamadan in 2007. Iranaian Journal of Health and Environment, 2(4), 250-257. (In Persian)
Sobhanardakani, S., Sadri, S., Jameh Bozorgi, S. (2014). Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residue in greenhouse crops using spectrophotometry (case study: mushroom). Journal of Food Hygiene, 3(4), 73-80. (In Persian)
Sobhanardakani, S., Jamalipour, P. (2017). Determination of some organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in water of Gargar River. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19, 223-236. (In Persian)
Khara, H., Salar Amoli, J., Mazloumi, H., Nezami, Sh., Zolfinezhad, K ., Khodaparast, S.H., Hasan, J., Akbarzadeh, A., Mohammadi, S., Gholipour, S., Ahmadinezhad, M., Ahmadinezhad, T., Gholipour, Z., Taghizadeh, M. (2008). Survey and seasonal measurement of pesticide (hinosan, machete and diazinon) in water of Oshmak River (east of Guilan). Journal of Biology Science, 2(14), 29-43. (In Persian)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2009). Pesticide Program. Residue Monitoring. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Available at: http://www.FDA/Pesticide. Annual Report of Pesticide.
Cengiz, M.F., Certel, M., Gocmen, H. (2006). Residue contents of DDVP (Dichlorvos) and Diazinon applied on cucumbers grown in greenhouses and their reduction by duration of a pre-harvest interval and post-harvest culinary applications. Food Chemistry, 98(1), 127-135.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2004). Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Diazinon, US Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs. Washington, D.C.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1998). Diazinon, Environmental Health Criteria, United Nations Environment Programme. International Labour Organization.
Yousofi-Falakdehy, A., Golparvar, Gh., Safdel, H., Nashaei A.A. (2012). Studying pollution of Zilakyrood River in Guilan province, Iran. Iranian Water Researches Journal, 6(10): 197-202. (In Persian)
Azizullah, A., Khattak, M.N.K., Richter, P., Hader, D.P. (2011). Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health, A review. Environment International, 37(2), 479-497.
Shayeghi, M., Khoobdel, M., Bagheri, F., Abtahi, M. (2008). The residues of azinphosmethyl and diazinon in Garaso and Gorganrood rivers in Golestan Province. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 6(1): 75-82. (In Persian)
Palma, G., Sanchsz, A., Olave, Y., Encina, F., Palma, R., Barra, R. (2004). Pestisides levels in surface waters in an agricultural-forestry basin in Southern Chile. Chemosphere, 57(8), 763-770.
17. Nafee, M., Hashemi, M., Ghaderi, F., Reyahi-Khoram M. (2011). Evaluation of water quality changes of Abbasabad River in city of Hamadan. National Conference on Health, Environment and Sustainable Development, 8 P. (In Persian)
Tayebi, L., Sobhanardakani, S. (2012). Monitoring of water quality parameters of Gamasiab River and affecting factors on these parameters. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 53, 37-48. (In Persian)
Sharma, N., Prakash, A. (2008). Determination of persistent pesticide residues in ground water of Agra Region using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography. Asian Journal of Water, Environment Pollution, 5(1), 91-94.
Abedi-Koupai, J., Nasri, Z., Talebi, Kh., Mamanpoush, A., Mousavi. S.F. (2011). Investigation of Zayandehrud water pollution by diazinon and its assimilative capacity. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 15(56) :1-20. (In Persian)
Castilho, J.A., Fenzl, N., Guillen, S.M., Nascimento, F.S. (2000). Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in the Atoya river basin, Chinandega, Nicaragua. Environmental Pollution, 110(3), 523-533.
22. Konstantinou, I.K., Hela, D.G., Albanis, T.A. (2006). The status of pesticide pollution in surface waters (rivers and lakes) of Greece. Part I. Review on occurrence and levels. Environmental Pollution, 141(3), 555-570.
Chowdhury, A.Z., Islam, M.N., Moniruzzaman, M., Gan, S.H., Alam, M.K. (2013). Organochlorine insecticide residues are found in surface, irrigated water samples from several districts in Bangladesh. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 90(2), 149-154.
Rahmanikhah, Z., Esmaeili Sari, A., Bahramifar, N., Shokri Bousjien, Z. (2011). Organophosphorous pesticide residues in surface and ground water in the southern coast watershed of Caspian Sea, Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(2), 253-259.
Shayeghi, M., Darabi, H., Abtahi Hossaini, M., Sadeghi, M., Pakbaz, F., Golestane, S.R. (2007). Assessment of persistence and residue of diazinon and Malathion in three rivers (Mond, Shahpour and Dalaky) of Bushehr Province 2004-2005. Iranian South Medical Journal, 10(1), 54-60. (In Persian)
Dehghani, R., Shayeghi, M., Esalmi, H., Moosavi, S.G., Rabani, D.K., Hossein Shahi, D. (2011). Determination of organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon and chlorpyrifos) in agricultural water resources in Barzok of Kashan in 2011. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 14(10), 66-72. (In Persian)
Arjmandi, R., Tavakol, M., Shayeghi, M. (2010). Determination of diazinon insecticide residues in rice paddies water in Amol by thin layer chromatography technique. International Journal of Environmental Science Technology, 7(1), 175-182.
