سنجش، مقایسه و تحلیل میزان انتشار آلاینده‌های خروجی اگزوز موتورهای احتراق داخلی پژو TU5 و XU7
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات آزمایشگاهی و میدانی در مورد اصلاح/کاهش آلودگی محیطی از طریق تکنیک های نوظهور
محمد امین آرگیو
1
,
سید محمد رضا ناظم السادات
2
*
,
احمد افسری
3
,
محمد محمدی
4
1 - گروه مهندسی مکانیک، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی مکانیک، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
3 - گروه مهندسی مکانیک، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
4 - گروه مهندسی مکانیک، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: سنجش, آلایندگی, موتور احتراق داخلی, مدل IVE, موتور پژو TU5 و XU7,
چکیده مقاله :
در دنیای امروز، آلودگی هوا یکی از مهم‌ترین بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی است که بشریت با آن مواجه است و وسایل نقلیۀ موتوری نقش عمده‌ای در آن دارند. بنابراین، نیاز به بررسی میزان انتشار آلاینده‌های هوا از وسایل نقلیه بیش از هر زمان دیگری احساس می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی انتشار آلاینده‌های هوا از وسایل نقلیۀ مجهز به موتورهای TU5 و XU7 از طریق نمونه‌برداری مستقیم از گازهای آلاینده و مدل‌سازی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار IVE انجام شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های مربوط به انتشار گازهای CO، CO2، NOx،VOC و HC از ۷۲۰ وسیلۀ نقلیه با این دو نوع موتور طی چهار ماه در مرکز معاینۀ فنی خودرو شیراز، با استفاده از دستگاه آنالیزور پنج‌گاز نمونه‌برداری شد. همچنین، میزان ذرات معلق PM10 از طریق مدل‌سازی در نرم‌افزار IVE و بر اساس داده‌های ناوگان، شرایط محیطی و ویژگی‌های عملکردی وسایل نقلیه برآورد گردید. نمونه‌برداری در دو حالت انجام شد: زمانی که وسیلۀ نقلیه در حالت درجا و زمانی که با سرعت متوسط ۱۰ کیلومتر بر ساعت حرکت می‌کرد. مقادیر اندازه‌گیری‌شده، ثبت شدند و سپس تمام داده‌ها در دو فایل محیطی و ناوگان در نرم‌افزار IVE وارد شدند تا فاکتورهای انتشار آلاینده‌ها استخراج شوند. نتایج مرکز معاینۀ فنی خودرو نشان داد که موتور TU5 به دلیل طراحی پیشرفته‌تر، در کاهش آلاینده‌های گازی عملکرد بهتری نسبت به موتور XU7 دارد. در شرایط درجا، میزان انتشار گازهای CO و HC برای هر دو نوع موتور در مقایسه با شرایط حرکت بیشتر بود. همچنین، مشخص شد که موتور XU7 میزان انتشار CO و NOx بیشتری نسبت به موتور TU5 دارد. مدل‌سازی عوامل انتشار با استفاده از مدل IVE نشان داد که این مدل میزان انتشار CO و CO2 از خودروهای بنزینی را در مقایسه با داده‌های واقعی بیش از حد تخمین زده است، در حالیکه برای آلاینده‌های PM10 و VOC مقادیر واقعی بالاتر از برآوردهای مدل بودند. خودروهای TU5 در شرایط حرکتی عملکرد بهتری در کاهش آلاینده‌ها داشتند، اما در شرایط درجا میزان انتشار آن‌ها به‌طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافت. این مطالعه بر لزوم بهینه‌سازی و تطبیق مدل IVE با شرایط محلی برای افزایش دقت پیش‌بینی آن تأکید می‌کند. یافته‌های این تحقیق می‌تواند به بهبود طراحی موتور، بهره‌گیری از فناوری‌های نوین و اجرای سیاست‌های زیست‌محیطی مؤثر در جهت کاهش آلودگی هوا و ارتقای کیفیت زندگی شهری کمک کند.
Air pollution is one of the most critical environmental crises facing humanity today, with motor vehicles playing a major role. Therefore, assessing the emission levels of air pollutants from vehicles is more important than ever. This study aimed to evaluate the emissions of air pollutants from vehicles equipped with TU5 and XU7 engines through direct sampling of pollutant gases and modeling using the IVE software. Data related to the emission of CO, CO₂, NOx, VOC, and HC gases were collected from 720 vehicles with these two engine types over a four-month period at the Shiraz vehicle inspection center, using a five-gas analyzer. Additionally, the amount of PM10 particulate matter was estimated through modeling in the IVE software, based on fleet data, environmental conditions, and vehicle performance characteristics. Sampling was conducted under two conditions: when the vehicle was idling and when it was moving at an average speed of 10 km/h. The measured values were recorded, and all data were entered into the environment and fleet input files of the IVE software to extract emission factors of pollutants. The results from the vehicle inspection center showed that the TU5 engine, due to its more advanced design, performed better in reducing gaseous pollutants compared to the XU7 engine. Under idling conditions, emissions of CO and HC gases for both engine types were higher than under driving conditions. Moreover, the XU7 engine exhibited higher emissions of CO and NOx compared to the TU5 engine. Modeling the emission factors using the IVE model revealed that the software overestimated CO and CO₂ emissions from gasoline vehicles compared to actual data, while for PM10 and VOC pollutants, the measured values were higher than model predictions. TU5 vehicles performed better in reducing pollutants under driving conditions, but their emissions significantly increased under idling conditions. This study emphasizes the need to optimize and localize the IVE model to improve its predictive accuracy. The findings of this research can contribute to improved engine design, the adoption of advanced technologies, and the implementation of effective environmental policies to reduce air pollution and enhance urban life quality.
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