Assessment the Effect of Water Stress and Calcium Silicate on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield in North of Iran

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

Alireza Daneshmand ¹ , Alireza Safahani ²

1 - Department of Agronomy, Qaemshar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshar, Iran.
2 - Department of Agriculture, Payame-Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2015-08-06 Accepted : 2015-10-16 Published : 2015-12-01

Keywords: Nutrition, Agronomical parameters, Irrigation cutoff,

Abstract :

In order to consider the effect of irrigation cut off and calcium silicate on seed yield and its components of rice (Local cultivar, Tarom Hashemi), a research was carried out as split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications in 2014 in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. Irrigation cut off arranged 15 days in 4 growth stages (At beginning, middle and last of tillering stage and 50% of flowering stage) as main factor and calcium silicate in three amounts (0, 500 and 1000 kg.ha-1) as sub-factor applied 15 days before transplanting. Results of analysis of variance showed that effect of irrigation cutoff on all measured traits (except percentage of filled spikelet per panicle) was significant. Effect of calcium silicon and interaction effect of treatment on all measured traits were no significant. According to mean comparison cut off of irrigation at beginning of tillering stage showed significantly decrease in panicle length, number of panicle per m2, number of spikelet per panicle and drastically reduce in seed yield. Cut off of irrigation at middle of tillering stage caused to decrease in 1000-seed weight. Maximum number of panicle per m2 and grain yield (405.78 gr.m-2) was found in cut off of irrigation at 50% of flowering stage. Correlation between traits showed number of spikelet per panicle (0.58*), number of panicle per m2 (0.56*), 1000-seed weight (0.59*) and percentage of filled spikelet per panicle (0.51*) have a significant and positive correlation with seed yield at 5% probability level. In general, it can be concluded that beginning of tillering stage was too sensitive to cut off irrigation because it caused to reduce of yield and yield contributing.

References:

Anderson, D. L., G. H. Snyder. and F. G. Martin. 1991. Multi-year response of sugarcane to calcium silicate slag on ever glades Histo soils. Agron. J. 83: 870–874.

Brar, A. S., S. S Mahal. and N. Sharma. 2009. Yield and quality characters of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under three cut-off date of irrigation. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 79(3): 215–17.

Castro, G. S. A. and C. A. C. Crusciol. 2013. Effects of superficial liming and silicate application on soil fertility and crop yield under rotation. Geoderma. J. 195-196: 234-242.

Davatgar, N. M. R., A. Neishabouri, R. Sepaskhah. and A. Soltani. 2009. Physiological and morphological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to varying water stress management strategies. Int. J. Plant Prod. 3(4): 21-35.

Golshani, M., H. Pirdashti, K. Saeb, B. Babakhani. and A. Heidarzade. 2010. Response of seed germination and seedling emergence of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to different osmo priming levels. World Appl. Sci. J. 9(2): 221-225.

Gong, H. J., K. M. Chen, G. C. Chen, S. M. Wang. and C. L. Zhang. 2003. Effect of silicon on growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress condition. J. Plant Nutr. 26(5): 1055–1063.

Hattori, T., S. Inanaga, H. Araki, P. An, S. Mortia, M. Luxova. and A. Lux. 2005. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in Sorghum bicolor. Physiol. Plantarum. J. 123: 459–466.

Kato, Y., A. Kamoshita, J. Yamagishi. and J. Abe. 2006. Growth of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under Upland Conditions with Different Levels of Water Supply. Plant Production Science, 9, 4: 422- 434.

DOI: 10.1626/pps.9.422

Khabbazkar, M. R., A. Abdzad Gohari, A. Khonok. and R. Ebrahimpour Dargah. 2012. Response of Rice Varieties to different levels of silica and potassium in North Iran. Int. J. Agric. Crop Sci. 4(18): 1385-1390.

Kumara, B. H., N. D. Yogendra, N. B. Prakash. and A. Kumar. 2016. Effect of calcium silicate and need based nitrogen on pest management in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int. J. Plant Protection. 9(1): 133-136.

Liu, Y., W. Chen, Y. Ding, Q. Wang, G. Li. and S. Wang. 2012. Effect of Gibberellic acid (GA₃) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the growth of unproductive tillers and the grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). African J. Agric. Res. 7(4): 534-539.

Lu, Z. and P. M. Neumann. 1998. Water-stresses maize, barley and rice seedling show species diversity in mechanisms of leaf growth inhibition. J. Exp. Bot. 49(329): 1945-1952.

Marques, D. J., M. M. Ferreira, A. K. S. Lobato, W. A. Freitas, J. A. Carvalho, E. D. Ferreira. and F. Broetto. 2016. Potential of calcium silicate to mitigate water deficiency in maize. Bragantia J. 75(3): 1-11.

Meena, V. D., M. L. Dotaniya, V. Coumar, S. Rajendiran, A. Ajay, S. Kundu. and A. Subba Rao. 2014. A Case for Silicon Fertilization to Improve Crop Yields in Tropical Soils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India. Sect. B Biol. Sci. 84(3): 505–518.

Mitra, J. 2001. Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. Current Science. 80: 758-763.

Mukhtar, A., M. Asif. and A. Goyal. 2012. Silicon the non-essential beneficial plant nutrient enhanced drought tolerance in wheat crop. Available at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/crop -plant/silicon the non essential beneficial plant nutrient to enhanced drought tolerance in wheat.

Pantuwan, G., S. Fukai, M. Cooper, S. Rajatasereekul. and J. C. O’Toole. 2002. Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought under rainfed lowlands, selection for drought resistance genotypes. Field Crop Res. J. 73: 169-180.

Pirdashti, H., Z. Tahmassebi Sarvestani, Gh. Nematzadeh. and A. Ismail. 2004. Study of water stress effects in different growth stages on yield and yield components of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Proc. Fourth Int. Iran-Russia Conf. Shahr-e-Kord Univ. Moscow Timiriazev Agric. Acad. 8-10 Sept. Iran.

Pirmoradian, N., A. R. Sepaskhah. and M. Maftoun. 2004. Effects of water-saving irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Production Science. 7(3): 337-346.

DOI: 10.1626/pps.7.337.

Sabetfar, S., M. Ashouri, E. Amiri. and Sh. Babazadeh. 2013. Effect of Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Yield Component of Rice Plant. J. Persian Gulf Crop Protec. 2(2): 14-18.

Stone, L., R. D. E, Goodrum, M. N. Jafar. and A. H. Khan. 2001. Rooting front and water depletion Depths in Grain sorghum and sunflower. Agron. J. 1: 1105-1110.

Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). 269 p.

Zubaer, M., A. Chowdhury, M. Islam, T. Ahmed. and M. Hasan. 2007. Effects of water stress on growth and yield attributes of Aman rice genotypes. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production. 2(6): 25-30.