Green Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) Using Propolis Extract
Mahdi Safdari
1
(
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
)
Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
2
(
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
)
Abbas Rezaee
3
(
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
)
Keywords: Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, Propolis, Green synthesis, Magnetic,
Abstract :
The magnetite nanoparticles have currently received considerable attention for their high biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and specific magnetic properties in various fields, particularly in the removal of environmental pollutants. The present study was to facilitate the production of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as an environmentally friendly method via green synthesis. For this purpose, the Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized via coprecipitation (CPT) using the divalent (II) and trivalent (III) iron solutions and the propolis extract in the presence of the nitrogen (N2) gas. To characterize the synthesized NPs, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) mapping, the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), the X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) were implemented. The obtained results from XRD analysis confirmed the production of high pure Fe3O4 crystals. The SEM micrographes of the synthesid Fe3O4 NPs revealed that their average diameter was 24 nm. The magnetic evaluationsed showed that the Fe3O4 NPs were in the superparamagnetic state with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 12.6 emu g-1. This study demonstrated the appropriate physicochemical properties of the Fe3O4 NPs stabilized by the green synthesis using the propolis extract, which could be thus a suitable and practical alternative as well as an environmentally friendly one in preference to chemical substances.
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