Estimation of Daily Intake and Mineral Content of Ice Cream in Bangladesh

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Palash Kumar Dhar ¹ (Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh)
Muhammad Sarwar Hossain ² (Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh|Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea)
Md. Nazim Uddin ³ (Department of Chemistry, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh)

Received: 2020-07-14 Accepted : 2020-12-16 Published : 2021-09-01

Keywords: minerals, Bangladesh, ICP-OES, Ice cream, Estimated daily intake,

Abstract :

Milk and dairy productsare avowed as rich source of dietary minerals. Globally, the popularity of ice cream is increasing due to its nutritional benefits and appealing tastes. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were: (a) to determine the concentration of macro-elements (K, Na, Mg, Ca, and P) in commercially available ice cream in Bangladesh; (b) to point out their contribution to our daily diet formulation. Based on the popularity, and availability, seven leading brands were selected and five samples from each brand were randomly purchased irrespective of their types, flavour, taste, and price. The concentration of macro-minerals were quantified using Inductively Coupled Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The average concentration (fresh weight) of studied elements had shown a descending order of Ca (1529.41±278.88) > K (1363.69±198.68) > P (1187.76±231.23) > Na (569.79±141.14) > Mg (194.90±68.59) mg.kg-1. Pearson’s correlation matrix among the different metals revealed a significant correlation between K-Na (r = 0.418) and K-Mg (r = 0.408) at p < 0.05 levels. The average estimated daily intake (EDI) of K, Na, Mg, Ca, and P were found 40.97, 17.12, 5.85, 45.94, and 35.68 mg.day-1, respectively, which indicated none of the studied samples exceeded the recommended daily allowance (RDA). The consumption of ice cream (30.04 g.day-1) showed 0.87-7.34% contributions of macro-elements to our daily diet. The present study concludes that ice cream could be considered as a possible source of essential minerals (especially Ca, and P). However, to assure the food quality and to create a balanced diet, regular monitoring of milk and dairy products is strongly recommended.

References:

1. Kazeminia M., Mahmoudi R., Ghajarbeygi P., Mousavi S., 2019. The effect of seasonal variation on the chemical and microbial quality of raw milk samples used in Qazvin, Iran. J Chem Health Risks. 9(2), 157–165.

2. Farhoodi A., Mahmoudi R., Ghajarbeygi P., Fakhri O., 2016. Physicochemical and bacterial properties of pasteurized milk samples collected from Tabriz, Northwestern Iran. J Chem Health Risks. 6(2), 85–90.

3. Sadeghi N., Behzad M., Razavi S.H., Jannat B., Oveisi M.R., Hajimahmoodi M., 2020. Measurement of zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in the variety of packaging milk and raw milk in Tehran markets by anodic stripping voltammetry. J Chem Health Risks. 10(3), 175–183.

4. El-Sharef N., Ghenghesh K.S., Abognah Y.S., Gnan S.O., Rahouma A., 2006. Bacteriological quality of ice cream in Tripoli-Libya. Food Control. 17(8), 637–641.

5. Conficoni D., Alberghini L., Bissacco E., Ferioli M., Giaccone V., 2017. Heavy metal presence in two different types of ice cream: artisanal ice cream (Italian Gelato) and industrial ice cream. J Food Protec. 80(3), 443–446.

6. Frozen Dessert Supplies. Which Countries Eat the Most Ice Cream? Ice Cream Consumption by Countries. https://frozendessertsupplies.com/blogs/news/which-countries-eat-the-most-ice-cream-ice-cream-consumption-by-countries (Accessed April 25, 2020).

7. Fahad M., Ice Cream Industry in Bangladesh. Assignment, BRAC University: Bangladesh, July 2014. Available from: https://idoc.pub/documents/ice-cream-industry-in-bangladesh-x4e6krow6gn3

8. De S. Outlines of Dairy Technology, 1st ed., Oxford University Press: India, 2005.

9. Gaucheron F., 2013. Milk Minerals, Trace Elements, and Macroelements. In: Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition Production Composition and Health, 1st ed., Park, Y.W., Haenlein, G.F.W., Eds., Wiley-Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ.  pp. 172–199.

10. Kibria S., Masum A.K.M., Islam M.A., Harun-ur-Rashid M., 2017. Mineral profiles of powder milk, yoghurt, ice-cream and raw milk. Asian J Med Biol Res. 3(2), 294–297.

11. Askary N., Bolandi M., 2013. Assessment of iron fortification influence on organoleptics and physico-chemical properties of yogurt. J Chem Health Risks. 3(2), 1–8.

12. Vahčić N., Hruškar M., Marković K., Banović M., Barić I.C., 2010. Essential minerals in milk and their daily intake through milk consumption. Mljekarstvo. 60(2), 77–85.

13. Zamberlin Š., Antunac N., Havranek J., Samaržija D., 2012. Mineral elements in milk and dairy products. Mljekarstvo. 62(2), 111–125.

14. Cashman K.D., 2011. Milk Salts (Macroelements, Nutritional Significance). In: Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 2nd ed., Fuquay, J.W., Fox, P.F., McSweeney, P.L.H., Eds. Academic Press: London. pp. 925–932.

15. Ayar A., Sert D., Akin N., 2009. The trace metal levels in milk and dairy products consumed in middle Anatolia-Turkey. Environ Monit Assess. 152, 1–12.

16. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods: Milk and Milk Products. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India: New Delhi, 2015. Available from: https://old.fssai.gov.in/Portals/0/Pdf/Draft_Manuals/MILK_AND_MILK_PRODUCTS.pdf

17. Muhib M.I., Chowdhury M.A.Z., Easha N.J., Rahman M.M., Shammi M., Fardous Z., Bari M.L., Uddin M.K., Kurasaki M., Alam M.K., 2016. Investigation of heavy metal contents in cow milk samples from area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int J Food Contam. 3(16), 1–10.

18. American Public Health Association (APHA). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd ed., American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation: Washington DC, 2017.

19. Singh R., Kaur N., Shri R., Singh A.P., Dhingra G.S., 2020. Proximate composition and element contents of selected species of Ganoderma with reference to dietary intakes. Environ Monit Assess. 192,1–15.

20. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Final Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016. Statistics and Information Division: Bangladesh, 2019. Available from: https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/site/page/b588b454-0f88-4679-bf20-90e06dc1d10b/-

21. Yangilar F., 2015. Mineral contents and physical, chemical, sensory properties of ice cream enriched with date fibre. Italian J Food Sci. 27(3), 397–406.

22. Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary reference intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academy Press (US): Washington DC, 2001. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222310/

23. British Nutrition Foundation (BNF). Minerals and Trace Elements.  https://www.nutrition.org.uk/nutritionscience/nutrients-food-and-ingredients/minerals-and-trace-elements.html (Accessed May 23, 2020).

24. Marrero J., Rebagliati R.J., Leiva E., Londonio A., Smichowski P., 2013. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric determination of fifteen elements in dietary supplements: are the concentrations declared in the labels accurate? Microchem J. 108, 81–86.

25. Elgammal S.M., Khorshed M.A., Ismail E.H., 2019. Determination of heavy metal content in whey protein samples from markets in Giza, Egypt, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: a probabilistic risk assessment study. J Food Compos Anal. 84, 103300.

26. Cashman K.D., 2006. Milk minerals (including trace elements) and bone health. Int Dairy J. 16(11), 1389–1398.