تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی فسفر بر تجمع عناصر، محتوای کلروفیل، عملکرد دانه و رشد ریشه سه توده محلی ماش
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمریم رشیدی 1 , نصرت اله عباسی 2 , محمدجواد زارع 3
1 - دانشگاه ایلام
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
کلید واژه: نیتروژن, ماش, توده‌های بذری, فسفر بارور-2,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی فسفر بر تجمع عناصر، محتوای کلروفیل، رشد ریشه و عملکرد دانه سه توده بذری ماش، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام در سال 1394، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل سه توده محلی ماش (فریدونی، گتوندی و ارتشی)، کود شیمیایی فسفر در سه سطح شامل عدم مصرف کود شیمیایی (P0)، مصرف 75 (P75) و 150 (P150) کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات‌تریپل و کود زیستی در دو سطح عدم مصرف کود زیستی (B0) و مصرف 100 گرم در هکتار کود فسفر بارور-2 (B100) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد توأم کود زیستی و شیمیایی فسفر (75 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) باعث افزایش غلظت فسفر، نیتروژن، پتاسیم دانه و وزن خشک ریشه در ماش شد. کاربرد کود زیستی فسفر نیز باعث افزایش غلظت فسفر و نیتروژن دانه در هر سه توده بذری ماش گردید. بیشترین غلظت روی و آهن دانه، کلروفیل برگ، تعداد گره و وزن خشک ریشه در توده بذری ارتشی به دست آمد. غلظت روی، کلروفیل برگ، تعداد گره در ریشه با کاربرد کود زیستی افزایش یافت. کود سوپر فسفات‌تریپل به میزان 75 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار، غلظت کلروفیل برگ و تعداد گره در ریشه ماش را افزایش دادند. کاربرد توأم کود زیستی فسفر بارور-2 و 75 کیلوگرم سوپر فسفات‌تریپل در هکتار عملکرد دانه را در توده‌های فریدونی، ارتشی و گتوندی در مقایسه با عدم مصرف کود به ترتیب به میزان 32.33%، 64.87% و 81.35% افزایش داد. کاربرد مقادیر کاهش یافته کودهای شیمیایی فسفر توأم با کود زیستی باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه توده‌های بذری ماش در راستای کشاورزی پایدار گردید.
To investigate the effects of chemical and phosphorus bio-fertilizers on element accumulations, chlorophyll content, seed yield and root growth of three local populations of mung bean, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Ilam University, Ilam, Iran, in 2015. The treatments were three local populations of mung bean (Fereydouni, Arteshi, Gotvandi), chemical fertilizer with three levels: (without using fertilizer (P0), using 75 kg.ha-1 of super phosphate (P75) and 150 kg.ha-1 of super phosphate (P150) and bio-fertilizer with two levels: without using fertilizer (B0) and using 100 g.ha-1 of barvar-2 phosphate (B100). Result showed that application of bio-fertilizer and chemical phosphorus (75 and 150 kg.ha-1 of super phosphate) increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium in seeds and root dry weight of mung bean. Application of bio-fertilizer increased phosphorus and nitrogen contents of three local populations of mung bean. Highest contents of zinc and iron in seed, leaf chlorophyll, number of nodules and root dry weight belonged to Arteshi population. Zinc concentration, chlorophyll and number of nodule in roots increased by using bio-fertilizer. Application of chemical phosphorus (75 and 150 kg.ha-1 super phosphate) increased chlorophyll content of leaves and number of nodule in root of mung bean. Application of both bio-fertilizer and chemical phosphorus increased seed yield of Fereydouni, Arteshi, and Gotvandi by 32.33, 64.87 and 81.35 percents, respectively, as compared to that of control. It can be concluded that reduced application of chemical and phosphorus bio-fertilizers improves the yielding ability of mung bean.
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_||_· Abou-Aly, H.E., and M.A. Mady. 2009. Complemented effect of humic acid and bio-fertilizers on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Annals of Agricultural Sciences. 47(1): 1-12.
· Afzal, A., M. Ashraf, S.A. Asad, and M. Faroog. 2005. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganism on phosphorus uptake yield and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rainfed area. International Journal of Biological Agriculture. 7: 207-209.
· Ahmad, F., I. Ahmad, and M.S. Khan. 2006. Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities. Microbiology Research. 36: 1-9.
· Ansari, M.F., D.R. Tipre, and S.R. Dave. 2015 a. Efficiency evaluation of commercial liquid bio-fertilizers for growth of Cicer aeritinum (chick pea) input and field study. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology. 4(1): 17-24.
· Ansari, S., M.R. Sarikhani, and N. Najafi. 2015 b. Inoculation effect of common bio-fertilizers on growth and uptake of some elements by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in presence of soil indigenous microflora. Agricultural Science and Production Stability. 25(1): 85-98. (In Persian).
· Arisha, H.M.E., A.A. Gad, and S.E. Younes. 2003. Response of some pepper cultivars to organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizers under sandy soil condition. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research. 30: 1875-1899.
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· Arzanesh, M.H., H.A. Alikhani, K. Khavazi, H.A. Rahimian, and M. Miransari. 2009. In vitro growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings, inoculated with Azospirillum sp., under drought stress. International Journal of Botany. 5: 244-249.
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· Biswas, J.C., J.K. Ladha, and F.B. Dazzo. 2000. Rhizobia inoculation improves nutrient uptake and growth of low land rice. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 64: 1644-1650.
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· Deaker, R., M. László Kecskés, M. Timothy Rose, G. Amprayn, G. Krishnen, T. Thi Kim Cuc, V. ThuyNga, P. Thi Cong, N. Thanh Hien, and I. Robert Kennedy. 2011. Practical methods for the quality control of inoculant bio-fertilisers. Australian Center for International Agricultur Resaerch. 23: 213-230.
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· Ekin, Z. 2010. Performance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria for improving growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the presence of phosphorus fertilizer. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9: 3794-3800.
· El-Gizawy, N.B., and S.A.S. Mehasen. 2009. Response of faba bean to bio, mineral phosphorus fertilizers and foliar application with zinc. World Application Sicence Journal. 6. 1359-1365.
· El-Komy, H.M.A. 2005. Coimmobilization of Azospirillum lipoferum and Bacillus megaterium for successful phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition of wheat plants. Food Technology Biology. 43(1): 19-27.
· Ghobady, M., S. Hahanbin, H.R., Owliaie, R. Motalebifard, and K. Parvizi. 2012. The effect of phosphorus bio-fertilizers on yield and phosphorus uptake in potato. Water and Soil Science. 23(2): 125-138. (In Persian).
· Gull, F.Y., I. Hafeez, M. Saleem, and K.A. Malik. 2004. Phosphorus uptake and growth promotion of chickpea by co-inoculation of mineral phosphate solubilizing bacteria and a mixed rhizobial culture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 44: 623-628.
· Han, H.S., E. Supanjani, and K.D. Lee. 2006. Effect of co-inoculation with phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant, Soil and Environment. 52(3): 130-136.
· Jha, A., D. Sharma, and J. Saxena. 2011. Effect of single and dual phosphate solubilizing bacterial strain inoculations on overall growth of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) plants. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 58: 967-981.
· Khattak, G.S.S., M.A. Haq, M. Ashraf, G.A. Tahir, and U.K. Marwat. 2001. Detection of epistasis and estimation of additive and dominance components of genetic variation for synchrony in pod maturity in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Field Crops Research. 72: 211-219.
· Liu, F.P., H.Q. Liu, H.L. Zhou, Z.G. Dong, X.H. Bai, P. Bai, and J.J. Qiao. 2014. Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from betel nut (Areca catechu) and their effects on plant growth and phosphorus mobilization in tropical soils. Biology Fertilizer Soils. 50: 927-937.
· Marschener, H. 1998. Role of root growth, arbuscular mycorrhiza, and root exudates for the efficiency in nutrient acquisition. Field Crops Research. 56: 203-207.
· Mihailescu, E., P.N.C. Murphy, W. Ryan, and I.A. Casey. 2015. Phosphorus balance and use efficiency on 21 intensive grass-based dairy farms in the South of Ireland. Journal of Agricultural Science. 153(3): 520-537.
· Mittal, V., O. Sigh, H. Nayyarkaur, and R. Tewari. 2007. Stimulatory effect of phosphate solubilizing fungal Starins (Aspergillus awamori and Penicillium citrinum) on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 718-727.
· Naveed, M., B. Mitter, T.G. Reichenauer, K. Wieczorek, and A. Sessitsch. 2014. Increased drought stress resilience of maize through endophytic colonization by Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN and Enterobacter sp. FD17. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 97: 30-39.
· Olsen, S.R., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Page, A.L., R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeny. (eds.). pp. 403-430. American Society of Agronomy, U.S.A.
· Page. A.L., R.H. Miller, and D.R. Jeeney. 1992. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Chemical and mineralogical properties. SSSA Pub., Madison. P. 624.
· Ponmurugan, P., and C. Gopi. 2006. Distribution pattern and screening of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from different food and forage crops. Journal of Agronomy. 5: 600-604.
· Pourebrahimi, M., S.M.R. Ehteshami, K. Khavazi, and M. Ramezani. 2013. Evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas fuorescens strain 103 and application of phosphorus on nutrients uptake, chlorophyll content and biological yield of two forage barley cultivars in Fuman. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 104: 152-159. (In Persian).
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