اثر ازتوباکتر و سطوح کود شیمیایی نیتروژن روی صفات آگروفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) در شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعباس سلیمانی فرد 1 , مانی مجدم 2 , شهرام لک 3 , مجتبی علوی‌فاضل 4
1 - گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, عملکرد دانه, کلروفیل, تعداد غوزه در بوته,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی صفات فنولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ در شرایط تنش خشکی و بدون تنش در دو آزمایش مستقل، هر یک به صورت آزمایش‌های فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 95- 1394 و 96-1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله اجرا شدند. یکی از آزمایش‌ها تحت شرایط بدون تنش آبیاری بر اساس نیاز گیاه و آزمایش دیگر به صورت تنش خشکی بدون هیچ گونه آبیاری و صرفاً با استفاده از نزولات آسمانی انجام گردید. میزان کل بارش در طی دوره رشد گیاه در سال‌های 95-1394 و 96-1395 به ترتیب 410/7 و 388/5 میلی‌متر بودند که با توزیع نامناسب در طی فصل رشد اتفاق افتادند. تیمارهای آزمایشی، فاکتور اول شامل شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ و فاکتور دوم شامل تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر همراه با مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره در چهار سطح بدون مصرف هیچ منبع کودی (شاهد)، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر+ 50 درصد نیتروژن از منبع اوره و 100 درصد نیتروژن از منبع کود شیمیایی اوره بر اساس نتایج آزمایش خاک، بودند. نتایج نشان داد اثر منبع نیتروژن و ژنوتیپ در هر دو شرایط تنش خشکی و بدون تنش بر روی کلیه صفات مورد بررسی در این آزمایش معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط تنش خشکی بیشترین عملکرد دانه متعلق به ژنوتیپ سینا در تیمارهای کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و تیمار تلفیقی ازتوباکتر+ 50درصد مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن (به ترتیب با میانگین 1408 و 1336 کیلوگرم در هکتار) برآورد شدند، که اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشتند. در شرایط بدون تنش بیشترین عملکرد دانه به تیمار 100 درصد مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و ژنوتیپ PI-306974 با میانگین 2185 کیلوگرم در هکتار اختصاص داشت. در نتیجه، در شرایط بدون تنش ژنوتیپ PI-306974 با مصرف 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد گلرنگ و تحت شرایط تنش خشکی کشت ژنوتیپ سینا با کاربرد 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن به همراه ازتوباکتر می‌تواند در منطقه آزمایش به کار روند.
This study was to investigate the phenological, physiological traits, seed yield and oil yield of six safflower genotypes under drought stress and non-stress conditions in two independent experiments. Each of the experiment was a factorial with randomized complete block design with three replications during cropping seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Sarabela Agricultural Research Station in ILAM province. In one experiment under non stress condition, irrigation was based on the need of the plant, while the in the other experiment, plant growth was as rainfed where rainfalls was enough. The total amount of precipitation during the plant growth period in 2015-16 and 2016-17 were 410.7 and 388.5 mm, respectively, but it occurred with inappropriate ditribution during the growing season. Experimental treatments consisted of six safflower genotypes plus inoculation of seeds with Azotobacter and use of urea fertilizer application with four levels: 1- no fertilizer application (as control), 2- Azotobacter seed inoculation, 3- Azotobacter seed inoculation + 50% nitrogen from urea source and 4- to 100% nitrogen from urea fertilizer based on soil testing recommendation. The results showed that nitrogen source and genotype were significantly affected all traits both under drought and non-stress conditions. Under drought stress conditions, the highest grain yield belonged to Sina genotype by using 100% nitrogen fertilizer and Azotobacter + 50% nitrogen fertilizer treatments (with mean yield of 1408 and 1336 kg.ha-1 reapectively), which were not significantly different. Under non-stress conditions, the highest grain, with mean yield of 2185 kg.ha-1, was attributed to PI-306974 genotype with 100% nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Thus, this genotype, under non-stress conditions, by using 100% nitrogen fertilizer for maximum yield of safflower and under drought stress, it was Sina genotype by using 50% nitrogen fertilizer with Azotobacter can be recommanded to the experimental region.
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