تجزیه علیت عملکرد دانه در جمعیتهای رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare M) در شرایط آبیاری عادی و تنش کمآبی
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
میلاد قاسمی
1
,
سعید اهری زاد
2
,
مجید نوروزی
3
,
علی بنده حق
4
,
رقیه اژدری
5
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 - استاد گروه بهنژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه بهنژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
4 - دانشیار، گروه بهنژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
5 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه بهنژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/09/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/01/07
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01
کلید واژه:
تجزیه علیت,
عملکرد دانه,
تجزیه رگرسیون,
رازیانه,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به این که رویکرد جهانی به سمت داروهای گیاهی و فاصله گرفتن از داروهای شیمیایی است، توجه بیش از پیش به گیاهان دارویی را ایجاب می نماید. رازیانه با داشتن متابولیتهای ثانویه متنوع در درمان نفخ، سرفه، اختلالات گوارشی و افزایش شیر، کاربرد داشته و به عنوان یکی از گیاهان دارویی بسیار مهم محسوب می شود. تنش خشکی یکی از مهم ترین تنشهای غیرزنده محیطی میباشد که تولید محصولات کشاورزی را تحت تاثیر قرار میدهد. به منظور بررسی اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم صفات مورد ارزیابی بر عملکرد دانه گیاه دارویی رازیانه، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در دو شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و محدود بهطور مجزا در سه تکرار روی 19 جمعیت رازیانه در سال 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز انجام گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که بین شرایط مختلف آبیاری و نیز بین جمعیتهای مورد مطالعه رازیانه از نظر اکثر صفات در سطح احتمال یک درصد اختلاف معنیداری وجود دارد. همچنین، اثر متقابل شرایط × جمعیت برای اکثر صفات در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار بود. همبستگی عملکرد دانه با تعداد چتر در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد میانگره و بیوماس در هر دو شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و محدود، مثبت و معنیدار بود. تجزیه رگرسیون به روش گام به گام نشان داد که در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب تعداد دانه در چتر و تعداد چتر در بوته با ضریب تبیین 0.88 بیشترین تاثیر را بر عملکرد دانه دارند. در شرایط تنش کم آبی تعداد چتر در بوته و ارتفاع بوته با ضریب تبیین 0.60 بیشترین تاثیر را بر عملکرد دانه داشتند. نتایج تجزیه علیت نشان داد که تعداد چتر در بوته با اثر مستقیم 0.90 در شرایط مطلوب آبیاری و 0.53 در شرایط تنش کم آبی بیشترین اثر را در هر دو شرایط بر عملکرد دانه دارد. با توجه به اینکه اثرات غیرمستقیم در هر دو شرایط، زیاد قابل توجه نبودند، بنابراین جهت گزینش جمعیتهای برتر از نظر عملکرد دانه باید به صفت تعداد چتر در بوته، بیشتر توجه نمود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Since the global approach to herbal medicine and chemical away from drugs, more attention to medicinal plants, is required. Fennel with variety of secondary metabolites in the treatment of flatulence, cough, digestive disorders and increases milk, used as one of the important medicinal plants. Drought stress is one of the most important non-polluting environmental stresses affecting crop production. To study the direct and indirect effects of evaluated traits on grain yield of fennel, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in two control and limited irrigation conditions separately with three replications on 19 fennel populations in the Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz. Combined analysis of variance revealed a significant differences between two irrigation conditions and evaluated populations at %1 probability level for some studied traits. As well as the population × conditions interaction effect was significant at 1% probability level for most traits. Correlations of grain yield with number of umbel in plant, plant height, internode number and biomass were significant positively in both irrigation conditions. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of grain per umbel and the number of umbel per plant, have the greatest impact on grain yield under optimum irrigation (R2=0.88). Also in the water deficit condition, number of umbels per plant and plant height had the greatest impact on grain yield (R2=0.60). Path analysis revealed that the number of umbel per plant had greatest direct effect on grain yield under control (0.90) and stress (0.53) condition respectively. Whereas the indirect effects were very inconsiderable in both conditions, therefore it is suggested that to selection of superlative populations for grain yield, the number of umbel per plant should be considered.
منابع و مأخذ:
Akbari, A., A. Izadi Darbandi, K. Bahmani, and H.A. Rameshini. 2015. Evaluation of drought tolerance in synthetic varieties and superior ecotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 17 (3):193-204. (In Persian).
Cosge, B., A. Ipek, and B. Gurbuz. 2009. Some phenotypic selection criteria to improve seed yield and essential oil percentage of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce). Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi. 15 (2): 127-133.
Ebeed, N.M., H.S. Abdou, H.F. Booles, S.H. Salah, E.S. Ahmed, and K.H. Fahmy. 2010. Antimutagenic and chemoprevention potentialities of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) hot water crude extract. Journal of American Science. 6: 831–842.
Fakheri, B.A., F. Heidari, N. Mahdi Nejad, and I. Shahrokhi Sardoui. 2019. Effect of drought stress and application of salicylic acid on yield and yield components, photosynthetic pigments and compatibility metabolites of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under Sistan climatic conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(2): 193-216.( In Persian)
Fikreselassie, M., H. Zeleke, and N. 2012. Correlation and path analysis Ethiopian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Landraces. Crown Research in Education. 2 (3): 132 - 42.
Hassan, O.M., and I.A. Elhassan. 2017. Characterization of essential oils from fruits of umbelliferous crop cultivated in Sudan II. Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare M. (Fennel). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 6(1): 113-116.
Heidari, N., M. Pouryousef, A. Tavakkoli, and J. Saba. 2011. Effect of drought stress and harvesting date on yield and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum ). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 28(1): 121-130. (In Persian).
Kafi, M., M. Borzuii, M. Salehi, A. Kamandi, A. Masumi, and J. Nabati. Physiology of environmental stress in plant. Iranian Academic Center of Education, Culture and Resaerch, Mashhad. (In Persian).
Martinez, J.P., H.F.L.J. Silva, J.F. Ledent, and M. Pinto. 2007. Effect of drought stress on the osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity and cell volume of six cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). European Journal of Agronomy. 26(1): 30-38.
Mirzaii Nadoshan, H., SH. Mehrpur, and F. Sefidkan. 2006. Path analysis on affecting the essential characteristics of the three species of thyme. Pazhuhesh and Sazandegi. 19: 88-94. (In Persian).
Mojaradi, T, M.R. Yavarzadeh, and F. Shirzady. 2020. Effects of seed priming of salicylic acid and foliar application of brassinostroid on yield and some physiological traits of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under water deficit condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 14(2): 193-216. (In Persian).
Moosavi, S.M., S.G.R. Moosavi, and M.J. Seghatoleslami. 2014. Effect of drought stress and nitrogen levels on growth, fruit and essential oil yield of fennel (Foenicolum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 30(3): 453-462. (In Persian).
Noroozi Shahri, F., M. Pouryousef, A. Tavakoli, J. Saba, and A. Yazdinezhad. 2015. Evaluation the performance of some of Iran’s native fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) accessions under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 46(1):49-56. (In Persian).
Oktay, M., I. Gulcin, and O.I. Kufrevioglu. 2003. Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foenicolum vulgare) seed extracts. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 36(2): 263-271.
Omid Beygi, R. 2007. Processing of medicinal plants. Volume III. Press Astan Qods Razavi. (In Persian).
Pouryousef, M. 2013. Effects of terminal drought stress and harvesting time on seed yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 30(6): 889-897. (In Persian).
Rahimi, A., K. Hemmati, and A. Dardipur. Effect of nutrients and salicylic acid on seed yield and yield components of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Gournal of Plant Production Research. 16 (14): 149-156. (In Persian).
Safaii, L., H. Zeynali, and D. Afiuni. 2014. Comparison of seed yield and its related components in genotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Seed and Plant Improvment Journal. 30 (2): 289-303. (In Persian)
Salamati, M., and H. Zeynali. 2013. The genetic diversity of different populations of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants. 29(1): 51-62. (In Persian)
Sharma, K.C., and E.V.D. Sastry. 2008. Path analysis for seed yield and its component characters in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum ). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops. 1(2): 69 - 74.
Singh, G., S. Maurya, M.P. Lampasona, and C. Catalan. 2006. Chemical constituents, antifungal and antioxidative potential of Foeniculum vulgare volatile oil and its acetone extract. Food Control. 17: 745–752.
Telci, I., I. Demirtas, and A. Sahin. 2009. Variation in plant properties and essential oil composition of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) fruites during stage of maturity. Industrial Crops and Products. 30: 126-130.
Wright, S. 1921. Correlation and causation. Jurnal of Agricultural Research. 20: 557-585.
Yazdansepas, A. 2013. Breeding for resistance to abiotc stresses. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural Extension and Education Publications, Karaj. (In Persian).
_||_
Akbari, A., A. Izadi Darbandi, K. Bahmani, and H.A. Rameshini. 2015. Evaluation of drought tolerance in synthetic varieties and superior ecotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 17 (3):193-204. (In Persian).
Cosge, B., A. Ipek, and B. Gurbuz. 2009. Some phenotypic selection criteria to improve seed yield and essential oil percentage of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce). Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi. 15 (2): 127-133.
Ebeed, N.M., H.S. Abdou, H.F. Booles, S.H. Salah, E.S. Ahmed, and K.H. Fahmy. 2010. Antimutagenic and chemoprevention potentialities of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) hot water crude extract. Journal of American Science. 6: 831–842.
Fakheri, B.A., F. Heidari, N. Mahdi Nejad, and I. Shahrokhi Sardoui. 2019. Effect of drought stress and application of salicylic acid on yield and yield components, photosynthetic pigments and compatibility metabolites of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under Sistan climatic conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(2): 193-216.( In Persian)
Fikreselassie, M., H. Zeleke, and N. 2012. Correlation and path analysis Ethiopian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Landraces. Crown Research in Education. 2 (3): 132 - 42.
Hassan, O.M., and I.A. Elhassan. 2017. Characterization of essential oils from fruits of umbelliferous crop cultivated in Sudan II. Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare M. (Fennel). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 6(1): 113-116.
Heidari, N., M. Pouryousef, A. Tavakkoli, and J. Saba. 2011. Effect of drought stress and harvesting date on yield and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum ). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 28(1): 121-130. (In Persian).
Kafi, M., M. Borzuii, M. Salehi, A. Kamandi, A. Masumi, and J. Nabati. Physiology of environmental stress in plant. Iranian Academic Center of Education, Culture and Resaerch, Mashhad. (In Persian).
Martinez, J.P., H.F.L.J. Silva, J.F. Ledent, and M. Pinto. 2007. Effect of drought stress on the osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity and cell volume of six cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). European Journal of Agronomy. 26(1): 30-38.
Mirzaii Nadoshan, H., SH. Mehrpur, and F. Sefidkan. 2006. Path analysis on affecting the essential characteristics of the three species of thyme. Pazhuhesh and Sazandegi. 19: 88-94. (In Persian).
Mojaradi, T, M.R. Yavarzadeh, and F. Shirzady. 2020. Effects of seed priming of salicylic acid and foliar application of brassinostroid on yield and some physiological traits of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under water deficit condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 14(2): 193-216. (In Persian).
Moosavi, S.M., S.G.R. Moosavi, and M.J. Seghatoleslami. 2014. Effect of drought stress and nitrogen levels on growth, fruit and essential oil yield of fennel (Foenicolum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 30(3): 453-462. (In Persian).
Noroozi Shahri, F., M. Pouryousef, A. Tavakoli, J. Saba, and A. Yazdinezhad. 2015. Evaluation the performance of some of Iran’s native fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) accessions under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 46(1):49-56. (In Persian).
Oktay, M., I. Gulcin, and O.I. Kufrevioglu. 2003. Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foenicolum vulgare) seed extracts. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 36(2): 263-271.
Omid Beygi, R. 2007. Processing of medicinal plants. Volume III. Press Astan Qods Razavi. (In Persian).
Pouryousef, M. 2013. Effects of terminal drought stress and harvesting time on seed yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 30(6): 889-897. (In Persian).
Rahimi, A., K. Hemmati, and A. Dardipur. Effect of nutrients and salicylic acid on seed yield and yield components of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Gournal of Plant Production Research. 16 (14): 149-156. (In Persian).
Safaii, L., H. Zeynali, and D. Afiuni. 2014. Comparison of seed yield and its related components in genotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Seed and Plant Improvment Journal. 30 (2): 289-303. (In Persian)
Salamati, M., and H. Zeynali. 2013. The genetic diversity of different populations of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants. 29(1): 51-62. (In Persian)
Sharma, K.C., and E.V.D. Sastry. 2008. Path analysis for seed yield and its component characters in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum ). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops. 1(2): 69 - 74.
Singh, G., S. Maurya, M.P. Lampasona, and C. Catalan. 2006. Chemical constituents, antifungal and antioxidative potential of Foeniculum vulgare volatile oil and its acetone extract. Food Control. 17: 745–752.
Telci, I., I. Demirtas, and A. Sahin. 2009. Variation in plant properties and essential oil composition of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) fruites during stage of maturity. Industrial Crops and Products. 30: 126-130.
Wright, S. 1921. Correlation and causation. Jurnal of Agricultural Research. 20: 557-585.
Yazdansepas, A. 2013. Breeding for resistance to abiotc stresses. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural Extension and Education Publications, Karaj. (In Persian).