تاثیر آبیاری تکمیلی و سوپرجاذب بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام نخود دیم (.Cicer arietinum L)
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سیده نساء شاهرخی
1
,
احمد نادری
2
,
پیام پزشکپور
3
,
مانی مجدم
4
,
عادل مدحج
5
1 - گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
گروه زراعت، واحداهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز ، ایران
2 - - گروه زراعت، واحداهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز ، ایران.
- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران
3 - -گروه زراعت، واحداهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز ، ایران
-بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرمآباد، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحداهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز ، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/03/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/08
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01
کلید واژه:
پروتئین,
کم آبی,
عملکرد زیستی,
شاخص سبزینگی,
پلیمر آبدوست,
چکیده مقاله :
کم آبی از جمله عواملی است که با ایجاد محدودیت در رشد، دست یابی به عملکرد بالا را دشوار می سازد و استفاده بهینه از آب نقش مهمی در حصول عملکرد مورد انتظار دارد. همچنین، توجه به نقش مدیریتی کاربرد برخی از مواد افزودنی نظیر سوپرجاذب ها به منظور استفاده بهینه از آب در کشاورزی، در شرایط تنش کم آبی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. بدین منظور آزمایشی بهصورت کرتهای دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 94- 1393 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی سراب چنگائی، خرم آباد به اجرا درآمد. تیمار آبیاری تکمیلی در سه سطح دیم، آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی و آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی + 50 درصد غلافدهی) در کرتهای اصلی، سوپرجاذب (مصرف 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عدم مصرف) در کرت های فرعی و ارقام نخود (آرمان، آزاد، هاشم، عادل و لاین ILC482) در کرت های فرعی-فرعی قرار داده شدند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و پروتئین (به ترتیب 3890 و 870 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی در دو مرحله و مصرف سوپرجاذب بهدست آمد که نسبت به شاهد دیم و عدم مصرف سوپرجاذب بهترتیب 24 و 21 درصد بیشتر بود. بیشترین شاخص سبزینگی برگ (39/22)، تعداد غلاف در بوته (22/1)، وزن صد دانه (52/4 گرم) و عملکرد زیستی (5431/5 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به آبیاری دو مرحله ای بود. همچنین بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته (27/7) در رقم هاشم و مصرف سوپرجاذب مشاهده شد که نسبت به عدم مصرف سوپرجاذب در همین رقم بهترتیب 34 درصد بیشتر بود. برهمکنش سوپرجاذب و رقم نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4159 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، نیتروژن دانه (3/69 درصد) و عملکرد پروتئین (960 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در رقم عادل و در شرایط مصرف سوپرجاذب بود. در شرایط دیم، مصرف سوپرجاذب باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد پروتیئن ژنوتیپ های نخود شد. نتایج نشان داد که در تمام سطوح آبیاری تکمیلی، استفاده از پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب موجب بهبود شرایط رشدی گیاه و افزایش معنی دار کمیت دانه گردید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In order to study the responses of chickpea genotypes and super absorbent application under supplemental irrigation condition, an experiment was conducted base on split-split- plot randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-2015 in the Agricultural Research Station of Sarab Changaei, Khorramabad. Suplimental irrigation (rainfed, suplimental irrigation at 50% flowering and supplemental irrigation at 50% flowering+ 50% poding) in the main plots, super absorbent polymer in subplot and cultivars (Arman, Azad, Hashem, Adel and ILC482) the sub-subplots were located. The highest grain yield and protein yield were obtained in supplementary irrigation in two stages (50% flowering + 50% poding) with super absorbent application, by avrege of 3890 and 870 kg.ha-1, respectively, which were 24% and 21% higher than control, respectively. The highest leaf greenness (39.22), pods per plant (22.1), seed weight (52.4) and biological yield (5413.5) were related to two-stage irrigation. The highest number of pods per plant (27.7) was observed in Hashem cultivar and superabsorbent application, which was 34% more than non- super absorbent in same cultivar. Results of genotype× super absorbent showed that the highest grain yield (4159 kg.ha-1), grain nitrogen percentage (3.69) and protein yield (960 kg.ha-1) were obtained under super absorbent and Adel cultivar conditions. Based on the results, application of supera bsorbent increased grain yield and protein yield of chickpea genotype in rain-fed conditions. By improving physiological traits, associated with drought tolerance, the use of supplemental irrigation method in areas that make this possible, especially if combined with the application of super absorbent polymers, can increase seed yield in chickpea.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Ganjeali, A., M. Kafi, and A. Bagheri. 2007. Approaches from root studies on chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 13(1): 179-189. (In Persian).
Garg, R., R. Shankar, B. Thakkar, H. Kudapa, L. Krishnamurthy, N. Mantri, R.K. Varshney, S. Bhatia, and M. Jain. 2016. Transcriptome analyses reveal genotype and developmental stage-specific molecular responses to drought and salinity stresses in chickpea. Science Reports. 6: 192-280.
Islam, M.R., X. Xue, S. Mao, X. Zhao, A.E. Eneji, and Y. Hu. 2011. Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) enhance efficient and eco-friendly production of corn (Zea mays) in drought affected areas of northern China. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10 (24): 4887-4894.
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Mokhtari Motlagh, M, and H. Sharifan. 2017. Estimation of different soil infiltration Parameters in furrow irrigation with super absorbent polymer. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. 24(5): 281-289.
Moradi-Ghahderijani, M., S. Jafarian, and H. Keshavarz. 2017. Alleviation of water stress effects and improved oil yield in sunflower by application of soil and foliar amendments. Rhizosphere. 4: 54-61.
Mortezavi, S.M.A., K.K. Tavakoli, K. Afsahi, and M.H. Mohammadi. 2015. Effect of superabsorbent on physiological traits and yield of wheat Azar 2 cultivar under dry farming condition. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 104: 118-125. (In Persian).
Mostofi-Sarkari, M.R., and M. Safari. 2020. Study of legumes trailed combine performance to harvesting rain-fed chickpea. Journal of Research in Mechanics of Agricultural Machinery. 8(2): 33-40. (In Persian).
Paredes, P., G.C. Rodrigues, M.D. Cameira, M.O. Torres, and L.S. Pereira. 2017. Assessing yield, water productivity and farm economic returns of malt barley as influenced by the sowing dates and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 179(1): 132-143.
Pezeshkpour, P., and K. Khademi. 2014. Crop and genetic management for drought resistance in chickpeas. Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center. Lorestan. 11:88-92.
Porsa, H., A. Bagheri, A. Ganjeali, and M. Abed. 2017. Study the morphophenological characteristics, growth indices, yield and yield components of promising drought tolerant chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes under supplementary irrigation in Nishabour. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 9(2): 12-27. (In Persian).
Pouresmaeil, P., D. Habibi, D.A. Tavasoli, H. Zahedi, and H.R. Touhidi moghadam. 2010. The effect of water super absorbent polymer on agronomic and physiological characters of red bean varieties under drought stress in the greenhouse condition. Plant Ecology. 21: 75-91.
Salo-väänänen, P.P., and P.E. Koivistoinen. 1996. Determination of protein in foods: comparison of net protein and crude protein (N × 6.25) values. Food Chemistry. 57(1): 27-31.
Su, L.G., J.G. Li, H. Xue, and X.F. Wang. 2017. Super absorbent polymer seed coatings promote seed germination and seedling growth of Caragana korshinskii in drought. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science 8(18): 696-706.
Zhong, K., Z.T. Lin, X.L. Zheng, G.B. Jiang, Y.S. Fang, X.Y. Mao, and Z.W. Liao. 2013. Starch derivative-based Superabsorbent with integration of water-retaining and controlled-release fertilizers. Carbohydrate Polymers. 92(2): 1367-1376.
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Abedi Koupai, J., and M. Mesforoush. 2009. Evaluation of superabsorbent polymer application on yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. 2:100-111.
Alahyari, S., A. Golchin, and A.R. Vaezi. 2013. Study on effect of super absorbent polymer application on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed conditions. Journal of Plant Production Research. 20(1): 125-139. (In Persian).
Amiri, S.R., R. Deihimfard, and A. Soltani. 2016. A single supplementary irrigation can boost chickpea grain yield and water use efficiency in arid and semiarid conditions: A modeling study. Agronomy Journal. 108: 2406-2416.
2017. FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome, Italy www.fao.org.
2002. SAS Institute Inc. The SAS system for windows, release 9.0. Cary, NC, USA: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.
Bagheri, A., Siadat, A. Koochekzadeh, M.R. Moradi Telavat, and M. Rafiee. 2019. Physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer using under rainfed farming system. Journal of Crop Improvement. 21(3): 233-336. (In Persian).
Beljkas, B., J. Matic, I. Milovanovic, P. Jovanov, A. Misan, and L. Saric. 2010. Rapid method for determination of protein content in cereals and oilseeds: validation, measurement uncertainty and comparison with the Kjeldahl method. Accreditation and Quality Assurance. 15: 555-561.
Eneji, A.E., R. Islam, P. An, and U.C. Amalu. 2013. Nitrate retention and physiological adjustment of maize to soil amendment with superabsorbent polymers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 52: 474-480.
Farhadi, M., and P. Pezeshkpour. 2019. Effect of superabsorbent combination and vermicompost on yield and yield components of chickpea under dry land farming conditions. Plant Ecophysislogy. 11 (38): 37- 46. (In Persian).
Farjam, S., A. Siosemardeh, H. Kazemi-Arbat, M. Yarnia, and A. Rokhzadi. 2017. Effects of ascorbic and salicylic acid foliar application on physiological traits of two chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 9(1): 99-117. (In Persian).
Ganjeali, A., M. Kaffi, and M. Sabet Teimouri. 2010. Variations of root and shoot physiological indices in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in response to drought stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 3: 35-45.
Ganjeali, A., M. Kafi, and A. Bagheri. 2007. Approaches from root studies on chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 13(1): 179-189. (In Persian).
Garg, R., R. Shankar, B. Thakkar, H. Kudapa, L. Krishnamurthy, N. Mantri, R.K. Varshney, S. Bhatia, and M. Jain. 2016. Transcriptome analyses reveal genotype and developmental stage-specific molecular responses to drought and salinity stresses in chickpea. Science Reports. 6: 192-280.
Islam, M.R., X. Xue, S. Mao, X. Zhao, A.E. Eneji, and Y. Hu. 2011. Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) enhance efficient and eco-friendly production of corn (Zea mays) in drought affected areas of northern China. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10 (24): 4887-4894.
Jamshidi, N., A.H. Shirani Rad, F. Takht chin, P. Nazeri, and M. Ghafari. 2012. Evaluation of rapeseed genotypes under drought stress condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(3): 323-339. (In Persion).
Keshavarz, H., and Gh. Khodabin. 2019. The role of uniconazole in improving physiological and biochemical attributes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) subjected to drought stress. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 22(2): 161-168.
Keshavarz, H., S.A.M. Modares-Sanavy, and M. Mahdipour Afra. 2018. Organic and chemical fertilizer affected yield and essential oil of two mint species. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants. 21 (6): 1674-1681.
Khadem, S.A., M. Ghalavio, S.R. Ramroodi, M.J. Mousavi, and P. Rezvani-Moghadam. 2011. Effect of animal manure and superabsorbent polymer on yield and yield components on corn (Zea mays). Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 1: 115-123. (in Persian)
Khan, N., A. Bano, M.A. Rahman, J. Gue, Zh. Kang, and M.A. Babar. 2019. Comparative physiological and metabolic analysis reveals a complex mechanism involved in drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) induced by PGPR and PGRs. Science Reports. 9: 2097. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38702-8.
Moeini, A., A, Neshat, N. Yazdanpanah, and A. Pasandi Pour. 2022. Effect of super absorbent polymer and soil texture affecting the physiological response of maize (Zea mays) under water deficit stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 16(1): 43-60. (In Persian).
Mokhtari Motlagh, M, and H. Sharifan. 2017. Estimation of different soil infiltration Parameters in furrow irrigation with super absorbent polymer. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. 24(5): 281-289.
Moradi-Ghahderijani, M., S. Jafarian, and H. Keshavarz. 2017. Alleviation of water stress effects and improved oil yield in sunflower by application of soil and foliar amendments. Rhizosphere. 4: 54-61.
Mortezavi, S.M.A., K.K. Tavakoli, K. Afsahi, and M.H. Mohammadi. 2015. Effect of superabsorbent on physiological traits and yield of wheat Azar 2 cultivar under dry farming condition. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 104: 118-125. (In Persian).
Mostofi-Sarkari, M.R., and M. Safari. 2020. Study of legumes trailed combine performance to harvesting rain-fed chickpea. Journal of Research in Mechanics of Agricultural Machinery. 8(2): 33-40. (In Persian).
Paredes, P., G.C. Rodrigues, M.D. Cameira, M.O. Torres, and L.S. Pereira. 2017. Assessing yield, water productivity and farm economic returns of malt barley as influenced by the sowing dates and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 179(1): 132-143.
Pezeshkpour, P., and K. Khademi. 2014. Crop and genetic management for drought resistance in chickpeas. Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center. Lorestan. 11:88-92.
Porsa, H., A. Bagheri, A. Ganjeali, and M. Abed. 2017. Study the morphophenological characteristics, growth indices, yield and yield components of promising drought tolerant chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes under supplementary irrigation in Nishabour. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 9(2): 12-27. (In Persian).
Pouresmaeil, P., D. Habibi, D.A. Tavasoli, H. Zahedi, and H.R. Touhidi moghadam. 2010. The effect of water super absorbent polymer on agronomic and physiological characters of red bean varieties under drought stress in the greenhouse condition. Plant Ecology. 21: 75-91.
Salo-väänänen, P.P., and P.E. Koivistoinen. 1996. Determination of protein in foods: comparison of net protein and crude protein (N × 6.25) values. Food Chemistry. 57(1): 27-31.
Su, L.G., J.G. Li, H. Xue, and X.F. Wang. 2017. Super absorbent polymer seed coatings promote seed germination and seedling growth of Caragana korshinskii in drought. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science 8(18): 696-706.
Zhong, K., Z.T. Lin, X.L. Zheng, G.B. Jiang, Y.S. Fang, X.Y. Mao, and Z.W. Liao. 2013. Starch derivative-based Superabsorbent with integration of water-retaining and controlled-release fertilizers. Carbohydrate Polymers. 92(2): 1367-1376.