تاثیر کاربرد همزمان نیتروکسین و بیوچار بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد دانه لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی (.Vigna unguiculata L) تحت رژیم های آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سید افشین موسوی ¹ , علیرضا شکوه فر ² , شهرام لک ³ , مانی مجدم ⁴ , مجتبی علوی فاضل ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران
3 - استاد گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران
5 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/01/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, سطح برگ, ماده خشک, کود زیستی,

چکیده مقاله :

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آبی کشور ضرورت یافتن راهکارهای بهینه مصرف آب در تولید محصولات زراعی در کنار کاهش کاربرد نهاده های شیمیایی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1397 به صورت کرت های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به منظور ارزیابی اثر کاربرد همزمان بیوچار و نیتروکسین بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی تحت رژیم های مختلف آبیاری، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شهید سالمی اهواز اجرا گردید. رژیم آبیاری شامل آبیاری پس از 60، 90 و 120 میلی متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس A به کرت های اصلی و کاربرد بیوچار شامل صفر، چهار و هشت تن در هکتار و نیتروکسین شامل تلقیح و عدم تلقیح به کرت های فرعی اختصاص داده شد. کاربرد هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار به همراه نیتروکسین موجب بهبود 12% محتوای آب نسبی در شرایط تنش شدید شد. سطح آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر موجب کاهش 33% عملکرد دانه شده و کاربرد نیتروکسین در شرایط نرمال موجب افزایش 19% عملکرد دانه شد اما در سطح آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر تأثیر معنی‌دار بر عملکرد دانه نداشت. کاربرد بیوچار در شرایط بدون تنش موجب افزایش 37% عملکرد دانه شد که این تغییرات در سطح آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر به 29% رسید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (266 گرم در مترمربع) از شرایط بدون تنش و استفاده از هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک در شرایط و کاربرد هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار و عدم استفاده از نیتروکسین (809 گرم در مترمربع) حاصل شد. کاربرد هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار در تلفیق با نیتروکسین می تواند عملکرد قابل قبولی در شرایط محدودیت آبیاری لوبیا چشم بلبلی ایجاد کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

According to Iranian water resource limitations it is mandatory to find water efficient strategies for crop production in accordance with reduction of chemical inputs. A split-factorial experiment was conducted in 2018 based on randomize complete block design with three replications to investigate the effects of biochar and nitroxin application on growth traits and yield of cowpea under different irrigation regimes. Experimental treatments were irrigation regimes (0, 90, 120 mm) evaporation from water pan class A which were considered as no stress, mild water stress and Sevier water stress, respectively. Irrigation treatments were arranged as main plot and three levels of biochar (0,4, 8 t.ha-1) and nitroxin (inoculated and no inoculated) considered as factorial subplots. Results showed that dry matter accumulation and relative crop growth rate exhibited a sigmoid pattern while leaf area and growth rate followed gaussian pattern. Based on model output DMTmax was 467 g.m-2 and RGRmax was 0/100 g, LAImax 3.65 and CGRmax was 12.6 g.m-2 which reach to 50% of final value in 55/9, 65.9, 40.5 and 31.7, respectively. Application 8 ton/ha biochar with nitroxxin resulted in 12% RWC and 10%, 27% improved nitrogen and phosphor status under severe stress condition. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation caused 33% reduction of grain yield and nitroxin application at normal condition caused 19% increase in grain yield but at 120 mm evaporation it did not exhibit significant effect. Application of biochar at no stress condition led to 37% increase in grain yield and such changes reach to 29% at 120 mm evaporation from water pan class A. The highest grain yield (266 g.m-2) obtained from 8 t.ha-1 biochar at no stress condition and the maximum biological yield was obtained from 8 t.ha-1 biochar with nitroxin (809 g.m-2). Application of 8 t.ha-1 biochar incorporated with nitroxin could provide satisfactory yield for cowpea crop under water limited condition.

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