تأثیر کاربرد برگی هورمون‌های جیبرلین و کینیتین بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی هیبریدهای ذرت (.Zea mays L)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

عقیل عالی پور ¹ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
طیب ساکی نژاد ² (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
شهرام لک ³ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
علیرضا شکوه فر ⁴ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
مجتبی علوی فاضل ⁵ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/08/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد, کلروفیل, جیبرلین, هیبریدهای ذرت, کینتین,

چکیده مقاله :

در مدیریت به‌زراعی ذرت، علاوه بر تأمین بذر هیبرید مناسب، عوامل دیگری از جمله هورمون‌های گیاهی نیز اهمیت دارند از این رو این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نوع بذر هیبرید و کاربرد برگی هورمون‌های جیبرلین و کینتین بر شاخص‌های رشدی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی ذرت در شهرستان اهواز در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات طی دو سال زراعی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. هیبریدهای ذرت دانه‌ای شامل سینگل‌کراس 704 (دیررس)، 616 (متوسط‌رس) و 71AS (متوسط‌ رس) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در سه سطح صفر، 200/150 و 400/300 پی‌پی‌ام به عنوان فاکتور فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که اثر ساده نوع هیبرید و محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین بر ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کلروفیل‌های a، b و کل و درصد پروتئین دانه از نظر آماری مؤثر بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در هیبرید بر روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کلروفیل‌های a، b و کل ودرصد پروتئین دانه و اثر متقابل هیبرید در محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در سال بر شاخص سطح برگ هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت تأثیر معنی دار آماری داشت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقادیر صفات مورد بررسی در هر دو سال زراعی در سینگل کراس 704 ذرت و پس از محلول‌پاشی جیبرلین/کینتین به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام به‌دست آمد. نسبت جیبرلین/کینتین 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام در همه هیبریدها، تأثیر بهتری بر صفات مختلف مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی داشت. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت که صفات بسیار مهمی هستند، مربوط به رقم سینگل کراس 704 همراه با محلول‌پاشی هورمون‌ها به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام بود. با توجه به‌نتایج به‌دست آمده، استفاده از هیبرید سینگل کراس 704 ذرت و محلول‌پاشی آن با جیبرلین و کینتین به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام می تواند مورد توجه باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In agronomic management of corn, in addition to providing suitable hybrid seeds, other factors such as plant hormones are also important. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of hybrid seed type and leaf application of gibberellin and kinetin hormones on growth, biochemical and yield indices of corn in Ahvaz. The basic design of randomized complete blocks was done as a split plot in two cropping years with four replications. Single-grain corn hybrids 704 (late ripening), 616 (medium ripening) and 71AS (medium ripening) were studied as the main factor and kinetin/gibberellin foliar application at three levels of 0, 150/200 and 300/400 ppm as the secondary factor. The results showed that the simple effect of hybrid type and kinetin/gibberellin foliar application on plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, chlorophylls a, b and total and the percentage of grain protein was statistically significant. Also, the effect of kinetin/gibberellin foliar application × hybrids on plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, chlorophylls a, b and total and hybrid interaction in kinetin/gibberellin foliar application had a statistically significant effect on leaf area index per year. The results showed that the highest values of the studied traits in both cropping years were obtained in single cross 704 maize and after kinetin/gibberellin foliar application at 150-200 ppm. The kinetin/gibberellin ratio of 150/200 ppm in all hybrids had a better effect on various morphological and biochemical traits. The highest biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, which are very important traits, were related to single-cross corn hybrid with hormone foliar application at the rate of 150/200 ppm. According to the obtained results, the use of single-cross corn hybrid of corn and foliar application of maize plants with gibberellin and quinine in the ratio of 150/200 ppm is recommended.

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