بهبود برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم و جو با استفاده از سلنیوم در شرایط دیم
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
نورعلی ساجدی ساجدی
1
,
حمید مدنی
2
1 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01
کلید واژه:
تنش خشکی,
عملکرد دانه,
گندم,
جو,
سلنیوم,
چکیده مقاله :
تنش خشکی از عوامل مهم محدود کننده عملکرد دانه گیاهان زراعی در دیمزارها به شمار می رود. به منظور تعیین نقش منابع و تاثیر مقادیر مختلف سلنیوم بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم و جو در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1394-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک اجرا شد. عوامل مورد آزمایش شامل منابع سلنیوم در دو سطح سلنات و سلنیت سدیم، مقادیر سلنیوم در سه سطح صفر، 18 و 36 گرم در هکتار و دو گیاه گندم و جو بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد دانه در سنبله گندم با محلول پاشی سلنیت سدیم به مقدار 18 گرم در هکتار نسبت به شاهد 4/9 درصد و تعداد دانه در سنبله جو با مصرف سلنیت سدیم به مقدار 18و 36 گرم در هکتار نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب 8 و 12 درصد افزایش یافتند. محلول پاشی در دو مرحله با سلنات و سلنیت سدیم محتوای آب نسبی برگ را در گندم و جو افزایش داد. با محلول پاشی 18 گرم در هکتار سلنیوم، عملکرد دانه از 31/1776 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار شاهد به 92/1889 کیلوگرم در هکتار معادل 3/6 درصد افزایش نشان داد ولی با افزایش سلنیوم به میزان 36 گرم در هکتار، عملکرد دانه (62/1539 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نسبت به شاهدکاهش یافت. به طورکلی، نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که در شرایط دیم، با محلول پاشی 18 گرم در هکتار سلنیوم از منبع سلنات و سلنیت سدیم در مرحله ساقه دهی و ظهور سنبله در گندم و جو عملکرد مطلوب حاصل می شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting crop yield in dry-lands. To investigate the effect of sources and different rates of selenium on physiological traits, yield and yield components of wheat and barley in dry lands a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design with three replicates was carried out at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in 2014-2015. Experimental factors were selenium sources with two levels, (sodium selenate and sodium selenite), selenium rates with three levels, (0, 18 and 36 g.ha-1) and two crop plant (wheat and barley). The result showed that, foliar application of wheat with 18 g.ha-1 sodium selenite increased the grains per spike by 9.4% as compared to control and foliar application of barley with 18 and 36 g.ha-1 of sodium selenite increased the grains per spike by 8 and 12%, as compared to control, respectively. Two times foliar applications of these two plants with sodium selenate and sodium selenite increased their relative water content. Foliar application by 18 g/ha of selenium increased the grain yield from 1776.31 kg.ha-1 in control to 1889.92 kg.ha-1, while grain yield was decreased (about 1539.62 kg.ha-1) as compared to control when 36 g.ha-1 of selenium was used. It could be concluded that foliar application of 18 g.ha-1 selenium as sodium selenite or sodium selenite in wheat and barley during stem elongation and emergence of spike increases grain yield in dry land condition.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ahmadi, K., H. Gholizadeh, H. Ebadzadeh, R. Hosienpour, F. Hatami, B. Fazli, A. Kazemian, and M. Rafiei. 2014. Agriculture amarnameh, Crops. Vol 1. Minestry of Agricultural Jehad. (In Persian).
Ajiboso, S.O., and G.A. Ajiboso. 2012. The influence of zinc and selenium on some biochemical responses of Vignaun guiculata and Zea mays to water deficit condition and rehydration. Biokemistri. 24: 108-118.
Alda, S., M. Camelia, T. Cristina-Elena, P. Mirela, R. Diana, and D. Delia. 2011. The influence of sodium selenite on biometric parameters of wheat, barley and oat seedlings. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology. 15(4): 8- 12.
Amin, M., R. Ahmad, A. Ali, M. Aslam, and D.J. Lee. 2016. Silicon fertilization improves the Maize (Zea mays L.) performance under limited moisture supply.Cereals Research Communications.44: 172–185.
Anonymous. 2004. Selenium, vitamin and mineral requirement in human nutrition. Second Edition, Geneva: World Health Organization. 194-216.
Ansarimaleki, A.Y., F. Noormandmoayed, K. Nadermahmoodi, S.M. Azimzadeh, E. Roohi, A. Hesami, K. Soleimani, G. Abediasl, H. Pashapoor, H. R. Pooralibaba, M.A. Dehgan, M. Patpoor, I. Eskandari, and A. Salekzamani. 2009. Abidar a new barley cultivar for moderate and cold areas of Iran. Seed and Plant. 25(1): 227-230. (In Persian).
Behne, D., and A. Kyriakopoulos. 2001. Mammalian selenium-containing proteins. Annual Review of Nutrition. 21: 453-473.
Broadley, M., P. Brown, I. Cakmak, J.F.Ma, Z.Rengel, and F.Zhao. 2012. Beneficial elements. In: P. Marschner (Ed.) Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants, 3nd Edition. Academic Press Inc. pp. 249–269.
Dhopte, A.M., and L.M. Manuel. 2002. Principals and techniques for plant Scientistc. Lst End. Updeshpurohit for Agrobios (India). Odupur, p 373.
Djanaguiraman, M., D.D. Devi, A.K. Shanker, A. Sheeba, and U. Bangarusamy. 2005. Selenium anantioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant and Soil. 272: 77- 86.
Feng R., C. Wei, and S. Tu. 2013.The roles of selenium in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 87:58–68.
Habibi, Gh. 2013. Effect of drought stress and selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley. Acta Agricultural Slovenica. 101(1): 31-39.
Hartikainen, H., T. Xue, and V. Piironen. 2000. Selenium as an anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant and Soil. 225: 193−200.
Hasanuzzaman, M., M.A. Hossain, and M. Fujita. 2012. Exogenous selenium pretreatment protects rapeseed seedlings from cadmium-induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Biological Trace Element Research. 149: 248–261.
Hawrylak-Nowak, B. 2008. Effect of selenium on selected macronutrients in maize plants. Journal of Elementology. 13(4): 513-519.
Hong-Bo, S., C. Li-Ye, C. Abdul Jaleel, P. Manivannan, R. Panneerselvam, and M.A. Shao. 2009. Understanding water deficit stress induced changes in the basic metabolism of higher plants biotecnologically and sustainably improving agriculture and the eco-environment in arid regions of the globe. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 29: 131-151.
Hu, Q.H., J. Xu, and G.X. Pang. 2003. Effect of selenium on the yield and quality of green tea leaves harvested in early spring. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51: 3379–3381.
Jabari, H., GH.A. Akbari, J. Daneshyan, I. Allahdadi, and N. Shahbazian. 2007. Effects of water deficit stress on agronomic characteristics of sunflower hybrids. Journal of agriculture. 9: 13-22. (In Persian).
Kashin, V.K., and O.I. Shubina. 2011. Biological effect and selenium accumulation in wheat under conditions of selenium deficient biogeochemical province. Chemistry for Sustainable Development. 19: 145-150.
Kostopoulou, P., N. Barbayiannis, and N. Basile. 2010. Water relations of yellow sweetclover under the synergy of drought and selenium addition. Plant and Soil. 330: 65–71.
Krasensky, J., and C. Jonak. 2012. Drought salt, and temperature stress- induced metabolic rearrangement and regulatory net-works. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 4: 1593–1608.
Kuznetsov, V.V., V.P. Kholodova, V.V. Kuznetsov, and B.A. Yagodin. 2003. Selenium regulates the water status of plants exposed to drought. Doklady Biological Sciences. 390: 266–268.
Lyons, G.H., Y. Genc, K. Soole, C.R.J. Stangoulis, F. Liu, and R.D. Graham. 2009. Selenium increases seed production in Brassica. Plant and Soil. 318: 73–80.
Nejat, F., M. Dadniya, M.H. Shirzadi, and S. Lakd. 2009. Effects of drought stress and selenium application on yield and yield components of two maize cultivars. Plant Ecophysiology. 2: 95-102. (In Persian).
Ozbolt, L., S. Kreft, I. Kreft, M. Germ, and V. Stibilj. 2008. Distribution of selenium and phenolics in buckwheat plants grown from seeds soaked in Se solution and under different levels of UV-B radiation. Food Chemistry. 110: 691-696.
Peleg, Z., M. Reguera, E. Tumimbang, H. Walia, and E. Blumwald. 2011. Cytokinin-mediated source/sink modifications improve drought tolerance and increase grain yield in rice under water-stress. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 9: 747–758.
Preedy, V.R, R.R. Watson, and V.B. Patel. 2011. Nutsand seeds in health and disease prevention. Academic Press. pp. 960–967.
Rodrigo, S., O. Santamaria, F.J. Lopez-Bellido, and M.J. Poblaciones. 2013. Agronomic selenium biofortification of two-rowed barley under Mediterranean conditions. Plant, Soil and Environment. 59(3): 115–120.
Tadina, N., M. Germ, I. Kreft, B. Breznik, and A. Gaberscik. 2007. Effects of water deficit and selenium on common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) plants. Photosynthetica. 45: 472–476.
Terry, N., A.M. Zayed, M. de Souza, and A. Tarun. 2000. Selenium in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 51:401-432.
Turakainen, M., H. Hartikainen, and M.M. Seppanen. 2004. Effects of selenium treatments on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth and concentrations of soluble sugars and starch. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52: 5378-5382.
Xue, T., H. Hartikainen, and V. Piironen. 2001. Antioxidative and growth-promoting effect of selenium in senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil. 27: 55-61.
Zhang, Y., G. Pan, J. Chen, and Q. Hu. 2003. Uptake and transport of selenite and selenate by soybean seedlings of two genotypes. Plant and Soil. 253: 437–443.
Zhu, Y.G., E.A. Pilon-Smits, F.J. Zhao, P.N. Williams, and A.A. Meharg. 2009. Selenium in higher plants: understanding mechanisms for biofortification and phytoremediation. Trends Plant Science. 14: 436–42.
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Ahmadi, K., H. Gholizadeh, H. Ebadzadeh, R. Hosienpour, F. Hatami, B. Fazli, A. Kazemian, and M. Rafiei. 2014. Agriculture amarnameh, Crops. Vol 1. Minestry of Agricultural Jehad. (In Persian).
Ajiboso, S.O., and G.A. Ajiboso. 2012. The influence of zinc and selenium on some biochemical responses of Vignaun guiculata and Zea mays to water deficit condition and rehydration. Biokemistri. 24: 108-118.
Alda, S., M. Camelia, T. Cristina-Elena, P. Mirela, R. Diana, and D. Delia. 2011. The influence of sodium selenite on biometric parameters of wheat, barley and oat seedlings. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology. 15(4): 8- 12.
Amin, M., R. Ahmad, A. Ali, M. Aslam, and D.J. Lee. 2016. Silicon fertilization improves the Maize (Zea mays L.) performance under limited moisture supply.Cereals Research Communications.44: 172–185.
Anonymous. 2004. Selenium, vitamin and mineral requirement in human nutrition. Second Edition, Geneva: World Health Organization. 194-216.
Ansarimaleki, A.Y., F. Noormandmoayed, K. Nadermahmoodi, S.M. Azimzadeh, E. Roohi, A. Hesami, K. Soleimani, G. Abediasl, H. Pashapoor, H. R. Pooralibaba, M.A. Dehgan, M. Patpoor, I. Eskandari, and A. Salekzamani. 2009. Abidar a new barley cultivar for moderate and cold areas of Iran. Seed and Plant. 25(1): 227-230. (In Persian).
Behne, D., and A. Kyriakopoulos. 2001. Mammalian selenium-containing proteins. Annual Review of Nutrition. 21: 453-473.
Broadley, M., P. Brown, I. Cakmak, J.F.Ma, Z.Rengel, and F.Zhao. 2012. Beneficial elements. In: P. Marschner (Ed.) Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants, 3nd Edition. Academic Press Inc. pp. 249–269.
Dhopte, A.M., and L.M. Manuel. 2002. Principals and techniques for plant Scientistc. Lst End. Updeshpurohit for Agrobios (India). Odupur, p 373.
Djanaguiraman, M., D.D. Devi, A.K. Shanker, A. Sheeba, and U. Bangarusamy. 2005. Selenium anantioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant and Soil. 272: 77- 86.
Feng R., C. Wei, and S. Tu. 2013.The roles of selenium in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 87:58–68.
Habibi, Gh. 2013. Effect of drought stress and selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley. Acta Agricultural Slovenica. 101(1): 31-39.
Hartikainen, H., T. Xue, and V. Piironen. 2000. Selenium as an anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant and Soil. 225: 193−200.
Hasanuzzaman, M., M.A. Hossain, and M. Fujita. 2012. Exogenous selenium pretreatment protects rapeseed seedlings from cadmium-induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Biological Trace Element Research. 149: 248–261.
Hawrylak-Nowak, B. 2008. Effect of selenium on selected macronutrients in maize plants. Journal of Elementology. 13(4): 513-519.
Hong-Bo, S., C. Li-Ye, C. Abdul Jaleel, P. Manivannan, R. Panneerselvam, and M.A. Shao. 2009. Understanding water deficit stress induced changes in the basic metabolism of higher plants biotecnologically and sustainably improving agriculture and the eco-environment in arid regions of the globe. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 29: 131-151.
Hu, Q.H., J. Xu, and G.X. Pang. 2003. Effect of selenium on the yield and quality of green tea leaves harvested in early spring. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51: 3379–3381.
Jabari, H., GH.A. Akbari, J. Daneshyan, I. Allahdadi, and N. Shahbazian. 2007. Effects of water deficit stress on agronomic characteristics of sunflower hybrids. Journal of agriculture. 9: 13-22. (In Persian).
Kashin, V.K., and O.I. Shubina. 2011. Biological effect and selenium accumulation in wheat under conditions of selenium deficient biogeochemical province. Chemistry for Sustainable Development. 19: 145-150.
Kostopoulou, P., N. Barbayiannis, and N. Basile. 2010. Water relations of yellow sweetclover under the synergy of drought and selenium addition. Plant and Soil. 330: 65–71.
Krasensky, J., and C. Jonak. 2012. Drought salt, and temperature stress- induced metabolic rearrangement and regulatory net-works. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 4: 1593–1608.
Kuznetsov, V.V., V.P. Kholodova, V.V. Kuznetsov, and B.A. Yagodin. 2003. Selenium regulates the water status of plants exposed to drought. Doklady Biological Sciences. 390: 266–268.
Lyons, G.H., Y. Genc, K. Soole, C.R.J. Stangoulis, F. Liu, and R.D. Graham. 2009. Selenium increases seed production in Brassica. Plant and Soil. 318: 73–80.
Nejat, F., M. Dadniya, M.H. Shirzadi, and S. Lakd. 2009. Effects of drought stress and selenium application on yield and yield components of two maize cultivars. Plant Ecophysiology. 2: 95-102. (In Persian).
Ozbolt, L., S. Kreft, I. Kreft, M. Germ, and V. Stibilj. 2008. Distribution of selenium and phenolics in buckwheat plants grown from seeds soaked in Se solution and under different levels of UV-B radiation. Food Chemistry. 110: 691-696.
Peleg, Z., M. Reguera, E. Tumimbang, H. Walia, and E. Blumwald. 2011. Cytokinin-mediated source/sink modifications improve drought tolerance and increase grain yield in rice under water-stress. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 9: 747–758.
Preedy, V.R, R.R. Watson, and V.B. Patel. 2011. Nutsand seeds in health and disease prevention. Academic Press. pp. 960–967.
Rodrigo, S., O. Santamaria, F.J. Lopez-Bellido, and M.J. Poblaciones. 2013. Agronomic selenium biofortification of two-rowed barley under Mediterranean conditions. Plant, Soil and Environment. 59(3): 115–120.
Tadina, N., M. Germ, I. Kreft, B. Breznik, and A. Gaberscik. 2007. Effects of water deficit and selenium on common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) plants. Photosynthetica. 45: 472–476.
Terry, N., A.M. Zayed, M. de Souza, and A. Tarun. 2000. Selenium in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 51:401-432.
Turakainen, M., H. Hartikainen, and M.M. Seppanen. 2004. Effects of selenium treatments on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth and concentrations of soluble sugars and starch. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52: 5378-5382.
Xue, T., H. Hartikainen, and V. Piironen. 2001. Antioxidative and growth-promoting effect of selenium in senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil. 27: 55-61.
Zhang, Y., G. Pan, J. Chen, and Q. Hu. 2003. Uptake and transport of selenite and selenate by soybean seedlings of two genotypes. Plant and Soil. 253: 437–443.
Zhu, Y.G., E.A. Pilon-Smits, F.J. Zhao, P.N. Williams, and A.A. Meharg. 2009. Selenium in higher plants: understanding mechanisms for biofortification and phytoremediation. Trends Plant Science. 14: 436–42.
