سنجش آسیبپذیری جوامع مبتنی بر صیادی نسبت به اثرات تغییر اقلیم: مطالعه موردی صیادی جنوب ایران
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی
عفت قربانیان
1
,
منصور زیبایی
2
1 - دانشگاه شیراز
2 - استاد دانشگاه شیراز
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/01/19
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/23
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01
کلید واژه:
تغییر اقلیم,
آسیبپذیری,
خلیج فارس,
صیادی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف: با وجود این‌که صیادی فعالیت مهم اقتصادی بوده و معیشت گروه زیادی را مورد حمایت قرار می‌دهد، ولی صیادان و جوامع وابسته به آن نسبت به پدیده تغییر اقلیم آسیبپذیری بالقوه دارند؛ به گونه‌ایکه این فعالیت در قالب یک سیستم اجتماعی-زیستمحیطی، در مناطق ساحلی، نسبت به تغییر اقلیم حساس بوده و معیشت این جوامع تحت شعاع قرار میگیرد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این راستا در این مطالعه سنجش آسیبپذیری جوامع مبتنی بر صیادی در محدوده خلیج فارس و در سه استان هرمزگان، بوشهر و خوزستان هدف قرار گرفت. رویکرد مورد استفاده در این ارزیابی، شاخص محور بوده و با استناد به مؤلفه‌های سه‌گانه آسیبپذیری شامل درمعرض بودن، حساسیت و ظرفیت انطباق‌پذیری هدف مطالعه پیگیری شد. مقدار در معرض بودن با استفاده از تغییر در فاکتورهای اقلیمی دما، بارش، وقوع طوفان و تغییر در سطح دریا مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. محاسبه مؤلفه حساسیت بر اساس مقدار وابستگی به صیادی از نظر درآمد، تغذیه و اشتغال صورت گرفت و مقدار ظرفیت انطباق‌پذیری با رویکرد معیشت پایدار و سرمایه پنج گانه بدست آمد، داده‌های لازم نیز با تکمیل پرسش‌نامه از صیادان فعال در جنوب ایران و در سال 1397گرد‌آوری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان دادند که وضعیت نسبی مناطق گوناگون از نظر ظرفیت انطباق‌پذیری تقریباً مشابه است، اما از نظر مؤلفه در معرض بودن وضعیت استان بوشهر نامناسب‌تر بوده و صیادی این منطقه از این جهت به طور بالقوه آسیبپذیری بالایی را تجربه می‌کند. هم‌چنین، حساسیت مناطق به دلیل وابستگی ساحل‌نشینان جنوب ایران بویژه هرمزگان به صیادی از نظر اشتغال و درآمد بالا بوده است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر این اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود جهت مدیریت آسیبپذیری صیادی نسبت به تغییر اقلیم ماهیت آن از راه مؤلفه‌های سه‌گانه شناسایی شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Introduction: In this study, vulnerability assessment of fishery based communities was targeted in the Persian Gulf region and in three provinces of Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuzestan.
Materials and Methods: The approach used in this evaluation is index-based, and the three components of vulnerability, including exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, were used. Exposure was measured by changing climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, storm occurrence and sea level change. The sensitivity component is calculated based on the level of fishing dependence in terms of income, nutrition and employment. Adaptive capacity was obtained with a sustainable livelihood approach. Information was collected by completing the questionnaire of active fishermen in the southern of Iran in 2018.
Findings:The results showed that the relative situation of different regions in terms of adaptability capacity is almost the same. But in terms of exposure the situation in Bushehr province is not suitable. Because of this, the fishery in this area is potentially highly vulnerable. Also, the sensitivity of the regions due to the dependence of the fishermen in southern Iran, especially Hormozgan, was high in terms of employment and income.
Conclusion: Accordingly, it is suggested to identify the nature of the fishery vulnerability to climate change through the three components.
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