تغییرات برخی از ویژگی‌های ریختی و فیزیولوژیک یک رقم کلزا (Brassica napus L.) به تنش آبی خاک

محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک

حمید نورانی‌آزاد ¹ , محمدرضا حاجی باقری - ²

1 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جهرم
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد استهبان

تاریخ دریافت : 1387/02/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1387/06/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1387/12/25

کلید واژه: تنش آبی, پرولین, کلزا, کلروفیل, قند محلول,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی واکنش‌های‌ مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک یک رقم کلزا با نام طلائیه تحت تنش آبی خاک، آزمایشی در گلخانه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جهرم انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پنج سطح رطوبتی، با فاصله 7 (شاهد)، 14، 21، 28 و 35 روز آبیاری با چهار تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحت سطوح خشکی، و در پایان مرحله رشد، مقادیر وزن خشک گیاه، طول ساقه و ریشه، کلروفیل کل برگ ها، کل قندهای محلول و پرولین گیاه، سدیم و پتاسیم برگ ها اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تنش خشکی، مقدار کلروفیل کل و پتاسیم برگ ها نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی داری یافت. وزن خشک گیاه کاهش و تنها در دو تیمار 28 و35 روز آبیاری نسبت به شاهد معنی دار بود. کاهش طول ساقه به جز در تیمار 14 روز آبیاری نسبت به شاهد معنی دار بود. مقادیر سدیم برگ ها افزایش معنی دار نشان داد. افزایش طول ریشه همراه با افزایش تنش خشکی معنی دار نبود. میزان کل قندهای محلول و پرولین گیاه افزایش یافت. افزایش قندهای محلول و پرولین همراه با افزایش تنش خشکی برای تنظیم اسمولاریته و تحمل به شرایط تنش می‌باشد. کاهش پتاسیم باعث افزایش مقاومت روزنه ای و کاهش فتوسنتز و رشد شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to study the morphologic and physiologic responses of one Canola cultivar (Talayie) to moisture Stress, a 4- replicate CRD greenhouse experiment was conducted during at the Islamic Azad University of Jahrom. The treatments consisted of five moisture levels with intervals 7(control),14,21,28 and 35 days of irrigation .Total dry weight, stem length and root, total leaf chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and proline, Na+, K+ in leaves were measured at the final leaf growth stage. Results showed that total leaf chlorophyll and K+ significantly decreased in comparison to control. Dry weight decreased with increasing drought stress and significantly decreased in treatments of 28 and 35 day of irrigation in comparison to control. Decrease of stem length, except in treatment of 14 day of irrigation has significant in comparison to control. Na+ in leaves significantly increased with increasing of drought stress. The differences of root length between different treatments were not significant. The total soluble sugars and proline contents increased with increasing of drought stress. The sugars and proline accumulation probably play an important role in the osmoregulation and induction of drought tolerance. Decrease of k+may be lead to stomatal resistance and decreasing of photosynthesis and growth.

منابع و مأخذ:

شهیدی، ا. و ک ، فروزان. (1376) کلزا ، انتشارات شرکت سهامی خاص توسعه کشت دانه‌های‌ روغنی.

کافی، م. و ع، مهدوی دامغانی. (1379) مکانیسم‌های‌ مقاومت گیاهان به تنشهای محیطی. انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. ص9.

کافی، م.، زند، ا.، کامکار، ب.، شریفی، ح.، و گلدانی، م. (1382) فیزیولوژی گیاهی. جلد دوم. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. ص93.

کوچکی، ع. (1373). زراعت در مناطق خشک و غلات، حبوبات، گیاهان صنعتی و علوفه ای، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.

Bajji, M., Lutts. S., Kinet.JM. (2000) Physiological changes after exposure to and recovery from PEG-induced water defficit in callus cultures issued from drum wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance .J.Plant.Physiol. 156, 75-83.

Barar, k.L., Gerick, T.J.(1996) Late season water stress in cotton. crop science 36, 922-928.

Bates, L.S., waldren, s.p., Teare, I.D. (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies, plant soil 39, 205-207.

Blum, A., Ebrecon, A. (1996) Genotypic responses in sorghum to drought stress. III. Free proline accumulation and drought resistance. Crop sci. 16, 428- 431.

Chaves, M. (1991) Effects of water deficits on carbon assimilation .J.Exp.Bot. 42, 1-16.

Clarke, J.M., DePauw, R.M.(1991) Screening drum wheat germplasm for dry growing conditions: morphological criteria crop sci. 31, 770-775.

Costa, G., and Morel, L. (1994) Water relation gas exchange and amino acid content in cd - treated lettuce. plant physiology and biochemistry 32, 561- 570.

Davies,W.J., Volkenburgh, E. (1995) The influence of water deficit on the factors controlling the daily patern of growth of phaseolus trifoliates. J. Exp. Bot. 54, 987-999.

Dubey, R.S., Singh, A. K. (1999) Salinity induces accumulation of soluble sugars and alters the activity of sugar metabolihing enzyme in rice plants. Biol, plant 42, 233 - 239.

Dusen, M.E., Freeman, T.P. (1995) Partial restoration of the high rate of plastid pigment development and the ultra structure of plastid in detached water stressed wheat leaves. plant physiology 55, 768-773.

Ehret, D.L., Boyer, J.S. (1979) Potassium loss from stomatal guard cells at low potentials. J. Exp. Bot. 30, 225-234.

Errabi,T., Skali-senhaji, N. (2006) Growth,Proline and ion accumulation in sugarcan callus cultures under drought-induced osmotic stress and its subsequent relief.African Journal of Biotechnology 5(16), 1488-1493.

Fellows, R.J., boyer, J.S. (1996) Structure and activity of chloroplasts of sunflower. leaves having various water potentials. Planta 132, 229-239.

Hanson, A.D., Nelson, C.E., Pederson, A.R. (1999) Capacity for proline accumulation during water stress in barley and its impli cations for breeding for drought stress.Crop.Sci. 19, 489-493.

Kochert,G. (1978) Carbohydrate determination by the phenol sulfuric acid method. In: Helebust, J.A., craigie J.S(ed): Hand book of physiological Methods. pp. 96-97 Cambridge unir. Press, Cambridge.

Kuznetsov, W., Shevyakova, N.I. (1997) Stress responses of tobacco cellc to high temperature and salinity. Proline accumulation and phosphorylation of polypeptides. Physiologia plantarum 100, 320-326.

Leigh, R.A., Johnson, A.E. (1983) The effect of fertilizers and drought on the concentration of potassium in the dry matter and tissue water of field- grown spring Brassica. Journal of Agricultural science 101, 741- 748.

Levitt, J.(1990) Responses of plants to environmental stress Vol 1.2nd . Academic press, New York.

Ludlow, M.M. (1985) Effect of water stress on the decline of leaf net photosynthesis with age. In Environmental and biological control of photosynthesis, edited by. R.Marcelle, pp. 123-133. The Hague: Junk.

Paleg, L.G., Aspinall,D. (1991) The physiology and biochemistry of drought resistance in plants. Academic press, Sydney.

Qadar, A. (1995) Potassium and sodium contents of shoot and Laminae of rice cultivars and their sodicity tolerance. Journal of plant Nutrition 18, 2281-2286.

Radin, J.W. (1994) Stomatal responses to water stress and to abscisic acid in phosphorus-deficient cotton plant. Plant physiology 76, 392-394.

Richards, R.A. (1996) Variation with and between species of rapeseed in response to drought stress. Physiological and phytochemical characters. Australian journal of agricultural research 29, 491-501.

Rosa-Ibara, M.D.L., Maiti, R.K. (1995) Biochemical mechanism in glossy sorghum lines for resistance to salinity stress. J. of plant physiology 146, 515-519.

Sadras, V.O., Milroy, S.P. (1996) Soil- water thresholds for the responses of leaf expansion and gas exchange: A review. Filed crops Res 47, 253- 266.

Shimshi, D., Mayoral, M.L., Atsmon, D. (1992) Response to water stress in wheat and related wild species. Crop Sci. 22, 123-128.

Sinnah, V.R., Ellis, R.H., John, P. (1998) Irrigation and seed quality development in rapid recycling Brassica , soluble carbohydrates and heat stable proteins. Ann. Bot. 82.

Smith, H. (1990) Signal perception, differential expression within multigene families and the molecular basis of phenotypic plasticity. Plant, cell and environment 13, 585-594.

Strain, H.H., svec, W.A. (1966) Extraction, separation. estimation and isolation of chlorophylls. In: L.P.Vernon and G.R. sleey, (eds), The chlorophylls Academic press. New York. pp. 199-244.

Tang, G.Q., strum. A. (1999) The sucrose cleaving Enzymes plants are crucial for development, growth and carbon partitioning, Trends palnt, sci. 4, 401-407.

Thomas, H. (1991) Accumulation and consumption of solutes in swards of lolium perenne during drought and after rewatering. New phytologist 118, 35-48.

Turner, L.B. (1990) The extent and pattern of osmotic adjustment in white clover during the development of water stress. Annals on Botany 66, 721-727.

Woodfield, D.R., Caradus, J.R. (1997) Adaptation of white clover to moisture stress. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 48, 143-149.