بررسی تاثیر تنش خشکی و آسکوربات بر فعالیت برخی آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان در دفاع آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه آنیسون (Pimpinella anisum L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکژیکا اسدی کاوان 1 , مه لقا قربانلی 2 , آرین ساطعی 3
1 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان
2 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان
3 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, آسکوربات پراکسیداز, کاتالاز, آنیسون, آسکوربات, پلی فنل اکسیداز,
چکیده مقاله :
استرس‌های غیرزیستی از جمله خشکی باعث تحریک ساخته شدن گونه‌های اکسیژن فعال در بافت‌های گیاهی می‌شوند. سیگنالهای ROS شبکه پیچیده‌ای از آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی را راه اندازی می‌کنند. آسکوربیک اسید یکی از مهمترین بافرهایی است که ساختارهای سلولی را در مقابل حمله اکسیدانها در گیاهان حفظ می‌نماید. اثرات تنش خشکی در دو حالت حضور و عدم حضور آسکوربات خارجی بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز(CAT)، آسکوربات پراکسیداز (APX) و پلی فنل اکسیداز (PPO) در گیاه علفی و معطر Pimpinella anisum L. با ارزش صادراتی فراوان که در معرض کمبود آب کنترل شده قرار گرفته بود، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. با توجه به اهمیت این گونه گیاهی، این آزمایش در شرایط گلدانی انجام شد و سنجشهای بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی به صورت تصادفی در شاهد و تیمارها (با دو عامل خشکی 60درصد و 25در صد ظرفیت زراعی خاک و یک عامل آسکوربات با غلظت mM 4/1 صورت پذیرفت. نتایج حاصل نشان داد فعالیت آنزیم‌های PPO, APX, CAT در حضور و غیاب آسکوربات با پیشرفت تنش در برگها بطور معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. در ریشه فعالیت آنزیم‌های CAT و APX در غیاب آسکوربات ابتدا در سطح خشکی 60در صد ظرفیت زراعی افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد داشت و سپس در سطح درصد 25 ظرفیت زراعی با کاهشی در حد شاهد روبرو شد که با اعمال آسکوربات خارجی فعالیت آنزیم‌های ریشه ای تا حد معنی‌داری تقریبا در تمام سطوح افزایش یافت.
Drought stress is one of the abiotic stresses that induces reactive oxygen species(ROS) formation in plant tissues. ROS signaling promotes complex networks of antioxidant enzymes. Ascorbic acid is an important buffer protects cellular structures against oxidative attack in plants. Effect of drought stress on catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities was evaluated in the presence and absence of ascorbate in herbal aromatic plant Pimpinella anisum L. with great value of export that exposed to controlled water deficit. This study was done in flower pot condition. Biochemical and physiological properties measured randomly in control groups and treatments (with drought 60% and 25% of field capacity and ascorbate with concentration of 1.4 mM). Results showed that with increasing stress levels in leaves CAT, APX and PPO enzyme activities increased significantly in the presence and absence of ascorbate. Activity of root CAT and APX with and without ascorbate at the level of drought 60% increased significantly and at the level 25% of field capacity decreased to the level of control. However ascorbate treatment increased significantly the root enzymatic activities in whole stress levels.
عسگری، ف.، سفیدکن، ف.، میرزا، م. و مشکی زاده، س. (1382). مقایسه اسانس Pimpinella aurea DC. از دو رویشگاه در استان تهران. فصلنامه پژوهشی تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، ج 19، ش 3، ص 239.
Aebi, H., Bergmeyer, H.U. (1974) Catalases: Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic press. New York 2, 673-684.
Asada, K., (1999) The water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annal Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50, 601-639.
Arrigoni, O., De Tullio, M.C. (2002) Ascorbic acid much more than just an antioxidant. Biochemia and Biophysics Acta 1569, 1-9.
Auge, R.M., Moore, J.L. (2002) stomatal response to non hydraulic root-to-shoot communication to partial soil drying in relation to foliar dehydration tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 42, 217-229.
Chaves, M.M., Maroco, J.P. and Preira, J.S. (2003) Understanding plant responses to drought-from genes to the whole plant. Funct. Plant Biol. 30, 239-264.
Debolt, S., Melino, V., and Ford, C.M. (2007) Ascorbate as a biosynthetic precursor in plants. Annals of Botany 99, 3-8.
Demir, Y. (2001) Effects of NaCl and praline on polyphenol oxidase activity in bean seedlings. Biologica Plantarum 44, 607-609.
Feierabend, J., Schaan, C. and Hertwig, B. (1992) Photoinactivation of catalase occurs under both high and low temperature stress conditions and accompanies photoinhibition of photosystem II. Plant Physiology 100, 1554-1561.
Horemans, N., Foyer, C.H. and Asard, H. (2000) Transport and action of ascorbate at the plant plasma membrane. Trends Plant Sci. 5 (6) 263–267.
Ingram, J., Bartels, D., (1996) The molecular basis of the hydration tolerance in plants. Annal Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47, 377-403.
Jagtap, V., Bhargava, S. (1995) Variation in the antioxidant metabolism of drought tolerant and drought susceptible varieties of Sorghum bicolor L. exposed to high light, low water and high temperature stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 145, 195-197.
Kosales, I., Pepeljnjak, S. and Kustrak, D. (2005) Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharm. 55, 377-385.
Kumar, A., Das, A.B., Sanada, Y. and Mohanty, P. (2004) Effects of salinity biochemical components of the mangrove, Aegiceras cornicolatum. Aquatic Botany 80, 77-87.
Kuwabara, T., Katoh, Y., (1999) Involvement of the binuclear cupper site in the proteolytic activity of polyphenol oxidase. Plant and Cell physiology 40, 1029-1035.
Mehlhorn, H., Lelandais, M., Korth, H.G. and Foyer, CH., (1996) Ascorbate is the natural substrate for plant peroxidases. FEBS Letters 378, 203-206.
Nakano, Y., Asada, K. (1981) Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in Spinach chloroplasts. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 1193-1198.
Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H. (1998) Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 249-279.
Paola, M., Santos, A., Cristina Figueiredo, M., Margarida Oliveria, J.G., Barroso, L.G., Pedro, S.G., Deans, A.K.M. and Johannes, J.C.S. (1998) Essential oils from hairy root cultures and from fruits and roots of Pimpinella anisum L. Phytochemistry 48(3), 455-460.
Pinheiro, H.A., Da Matta, F.M., Chaves, A.R.M., Fontes, E.P.B. and
Loureiro, M.E. (2004) Drought tolerance in relation to protection against oxidative stress in clones of Coffea canephora subjected to long-term drought. Plant Science 167, 1307-1314
Raymond, J., Pakariyanthan, N. And Azanza, J.L. (1993) Purification and some properties of polyphenol oxidases from Sunflowers seed. Phytochemistry 34, 927-931.
Scebba, F., Sebastiani, L. and Vitagliano, C. (2001) activities of antioxidant enzymes during senescence of Prunus armeniaca leaves. Biol. Plant 44(1), 41-46.
Smirnoff, N. (1993) The role of active oxygen in the response to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytol. 125, 27–58.
Sofo, A., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C. And Masia, A. (2004) effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in Olive tree. Plant Science 166(2), 293-302.
Sofo, A., Tuzio, A.C., Dichio, B. And Xiloyannis, C. (2005) Influence of water deficit and rewatering on the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in four interspecific Prunus hybrids. Plant Science 169, 403-412.
Stephens, J. (2003) Anise – Pimpinella anisum L. University of FLORIDA, IFAS Extension.
Takeuchi, W., Takahashi, H. and kijima, M. (1992) purification and characterization of the main isozyme of polyphenol oxidase in mung bean (Vigna mungo) seedling. Bioscience, Biotechnology and biochemistry 59, 1135-1137.
Tombesi, A., Proietti, P. and Nottiani, G., (1986) Effect of water stress on photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal resistance and carbohydrate level in olive tree. Olea 17, 35-40.
Triapelli, C.R., De Andrade, C.R., Cassano, A.O., De Souza, F.A., Ambrosio, S.R., Da Costa,, F.B. and De Oliveira, A.M. (2006) Antispasmodic and relaxant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Pimpinella anisum L.(Apiaceae) on rat anococcygeus smooth muscle. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4378
Van Breusegem, F., Vranova, E., Dat, J.F. and Inze, D., (2001) The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. Plant Science 161, 405- 414.
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عسگری، ف.، سفیدکن، ف.، میرزا، م. و مشکی زاده، س. (1382). مقایسه اسانس Pimpinella aurea DC. از دو رویشگاه در استان تهران. فصلنامه پژوهشی تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، ج 19، ش 3، ص 239.
Aebi, H., Bergmeyer, H.U. (1974) Catalases: Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic press. New York 2, 673-684.
Asada, K., (1999) The water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annal Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50, 601-639.
Arrigoni, O., De Tullio, M.C. (2002) Ascorbic acid much more than just an antioxidant. Biochemia and Biophysics Acta 1569, 1-9.
Auge, R.M., Moore, J.L. (2002) stomatal response to non hydraulic root-to-shoot communication to partial soil drying in relation to foliar dehydration tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 42, 217-229.
Chaves, M.M., Maroco, J.P. and Preira, J.S. (2003) Understanding plant responses to drought-from genes to the whole plant. Funct. Plant Biol. 30, 239-264.
Debolt, S., Melino, V., and Ford, C.M. (2007) Ascorbate as a biosynthetic precursor in plants. Annals of Botany 99, 3-8.
Demir, Y. (2001) Effects of NaCl and praline on polyphenol oxidase activity in bean seedlings. Biologica Plantarum 44, 607-609.
Feierabend, J., Schaan, C. and Hertwig, B. (1992) Photoinactivation of catalase occurs under both high and low temperature stress conditions and accompanies photoinhibition of photosystem II. Plant Physiology 100, 1554-1561.
Horemans, N., Foyer, C.H. and Asard, H. (2000) Transport and action of ascorbate at the plant plasma membrane. Trends Plant Sci. 5 (6) 263–267.
Ingram, J., Bartels, D., (1996) The molecular basis of the hydration tolerance in plants. Annal Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47, 377-403.
Jagtap, V., Bhargava, S. (1995) Variation in the antioxidant metabolism of drought tolerant and drought susceptible varieties of Sorghum bicolor L. exposed to high light, low water and high temperature stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 145, 195-197.
Kosales, I., Pepeljnjak, S. and Kustrak, D. (2005) Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharm. 55, 377-385.
Kumar, A., Das, A.B., Sanada, Y. and Mohanty, P. (2004) Effects of salinity biochemical components of the mangrove, Aegiceras cornicolatum. Aquatic Botany 80, 77-87.
Kuwabara, T., Katoh, Y., (1999) Involvement of the binuclear cupper site in the proteolytic activity of polyphenol oxidase. Plant and Cell physiology 40, 1029-1035.
Mehlhorn, H., Lelandais, M., Korth, H.G. and Foyer, CH., (1996) Ascorbate is the natural substrate for plant peroxidases. FEBS Letters 378, 203-206.
Nakano, Y., Asada, K. (1981) Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in Spinach chloroplasts. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 1193-1198.
Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H. (1998) Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 249-279.
Paola, M., Santos, A., Cristina Figueiredo, M., Margarida Oliveria, J.G., Barroso, L.G., Pedro, S.G., Deans, A.K.M. and Johannes, J.C.S. (1998) Essential oils from hairy root cultures and from fruits and roots of Pimpinella anisum L. Phytochemistry 48(3), 455-460.
Pinheiro, H.A., Da Matta, F.M., Chaves, A.R.M., Fontes, E.P.B. and
Loureiro, M.E. (2004) Drought tolerance in relation to protection against oxidative stress in clones of Coffea canephora subjected to long-term drought. Plant Science 167, 1307-1314
Raymond, J., Pakariyanthan, N. And Azanza, J.L. (1993) Purification and some properties of polyphenol oxidases from Sunflowers seed. Phytochemistry 34, 927-931.
Scebba, F., Sebastiani, L. and Vitagliano, C. (2001) activities of antioxidant enzymes during senescence of Prunus armeniaca leaves. Biol. Plant 44(1), 41-46.
Smirnoff, N. (1993) The role of active oxygen in the response to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytol. 125, 27–58.
Sofo, A., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C. And Masia, A. (2004) effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in Olive tree. Plant Science 166(2), 293-302.
Sofo, A., Tuzio, A.C., Dichio, B. And Xiloyannis, C. (2005) Influence of water deficit and rewatering on the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in four interspecific Prunus hybrids. Plant Science 169, 403-412.
Stephens, J. (2003) Anise – Pimpinella anisum L. University of FLORIDA, IFAS Extension.
Takeuchi, W., Takahashi, H. and kijima, M. (1992) purification and characterization of the main isozyme of polyphenol oxidase in mung bean (Vigna mungo) seedling. Bioscience, Biotechnology and biochemistry 59, 1135-1137.
Tombesi, A., Proietti, P. and Nottiani, G., (1986) Effect of water stress on photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal resistance and carbohydrate level in olive tree. Olea 17, 35-40.
Triapelli, C.R., De Andrade, C.R., Cassano, A.O., De Souza, F.A., Ambrosio, S.R., Da Costa,, F.B. and De Oliveira, A.M. (2006) Antispasmodic and relaxant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Pimpinella anisum L.(Apiaceae) on rat anococcygeus smooth muscle. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4378
Van Breusegem, F., Vranova, E., Dat, J.F. and Inze, D., (2001) The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. Plant Science 161, 405- 414.