مقایسه فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه‌های تمشک بومی (Rubus persicus Boiss.) در مناطق شرقی و غربی استان گلستان

محورهای موضوعی : فیزیولوژی محیطی

اسماعیل سیفی ¹ , صادق آتشی ² , مریم قزلسفلو ³ , ام‌البنین بابایی ⁴

1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
4 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/05/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/09/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/07/01

کلید واژه: آنتوسیانین, فنول, فلاونوئید, تمشک سیاه, فصل برداشت,

چکیده مقاله :

تمشک‌های سیاه چندین نوع ماده فیتوشیمیایی مفید برای انسان تولید ‌‌‌می‌کنند و ‌‌‌تمشک‌های وحشی از این نظر غنی‌تر هستند. شرایط آب‌وهوایی تاثیر زیادی بر گیا‌‌‌هان، از جمله ‌‌‌تمشک‌ها، دارند. در این آزمایش، تمشک‌های بو‌‌‌می از دو منطقه در غرب و شرق استان گلستان (حومه بندرگز و حومه مینودشت)، در هر منطقه از دو مکان (دشت و کوهپایه) و در هر مکان از دو فصل مختلف رسیدن میوه ها (اواخر بهار و اواخر تابستان) تهیه شدند و از نظر صفات ریخت‌شناختی و فیتوشیمیایی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که منطقه و مکان رویش و فصل برداشت تاثیر زیادی بر صفات ریخت‌شناختی و فیتوشیمیایی میوه تمشک سیاه وحشی دارند. تمشک‌های بندرگز طول و عرض خوشه بیشتری نسبت به تمشک‌‌‌‌های مینودشت داشتند. از نظر تعداد میوه در خوشه و تعداد شفتچه در میوه، بین ‌‌‌تمشک‌های بهاره و تابستانه اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشت. همچنین از نظر تمام صفات میوه، از جمله طول، قطر و وزن میوه، بین ‌‌‌تمشک‌های بهاره و تابستانه اختلاف معنی‌دار دیده شد. میوه‌‌‌‌‌های تمشک‌های بندرگز گردتر (نسبت طول به قطر 97/0) و با وزن تر بیشتر (23/1 گرم) بودند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که از نظر اسیدیته کل، اسید آسکوربیک و pH بین ‌‌‌تمشک‌های دو منطقه و همچنین بین دو فصل برداشت اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشت. میوه‌های بهاره مینودشت بیشترین مقادیر اسیدیته (52/5 میلی‌گرم بر 100 میلی‌گرم) و مواد جامد محلول (23/11 درجه بریکس) و کمترین مقدار pH (28/2) را نشان دادند. ‌‌‌‌تمشک‌های مینودشت دارای آنتوسیانین کل بیشتر (245/1 میلی‌گرم بر 100 میلی‌لیتر) و در مقابل فلاونوئید (471/0 میلی‌گرم بر 100 میلی‌لیتر) و فنول کل (36/0 میلی‌گرم بر 100 میلی‌لیتر) کمتری نسبت به ‌‌‌تمشک‌های بندرگز بودند. بین میوه‌های بهاره و تابستانه هر دو منطقه از نظر صفات فوق و همچنین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اختلاف معنی‌دار دیده شد و میوه‌های بهاره از نظر اغلب صفات مقادیر بیشتری را نشان دادند. به نظر می‌رسد که شرایط اقلیمی منطقه برای پرورش ارقام بهاره تمشک مناسب‌تر است و میوه‌های حاصل از این نوع ارقام و ژنوتیپ‌ها دارای خواص تغذیه‌ای و دارویی بالاتری هستند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Blackberries produce several types of phytochemicals beneficial to human health and wild blackberries are richer than cultivated ones. Climatic conditions have a great impact on plants in various ways. In this experiment, wild blackberries from two regions in the west and east of Golestan province (Bandar-e-Gaz and Minoodasht regions), in each region from two places (plain and foothills) and two different seasons of fruit ripening (late spring and late summer) were sampled and studied for morphological and phytochemical traits. The results showed that the region and place of growth and harvest season had a great impact on the morphological and phytochemical traits of wild blackberry fruit. Blackberries harvested from Bandar-e-Gaz had higher inflorescence length and width than blackberries of Minoodasht. There was a significant difference between spring and summer blackberries respecting the number of fruits per inflorescence and the number of drupelets per fruit. There was also a significant difference between spring and summer blackberries in all fruit traits, including fruit length, diameter, and weight. The fruits of Bandar-e-Gaz blackberries were more spherical (L/D 0.97) and had a higher fresh weight (1.23 g). The results also showed a significant difference between the blackberries of the two regions and between the two harvest seasons in total acidity, ascorbic acid, and pH. Spring fruits harvested in Minoodasht showed the highest amounts of acidity (5.52 mg/100mg) and total soluble solids (°Brix) and the lowest amount of pH (2.28). Blackberries harvested in Minoodasht region had more total anthocyanin (1.245 mg/100ml) but less total flavonoids (0.471 mg/100ml) and total phenols (0.36 mg/100ml) than blackberries harvested in Bandar-e-Gaz region. There was a significant difference between spring and summer fruits of both regions respecting the above-mentioned traits as well as antioxidant activity; spring fruits showed higher values ​​in most of them. It seems that the climatic conditions of the region are more suitable for the cultivation of spring blackberry cultivars and the fruits obtained from these cultivars and genotypes have higher nutritional and medicinal properties.

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