بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی ژنوتیپ¬های مختلف باقلا (Vicia faba L.)
محورهای موضوعی : تنشفاطمه شیخ 1 , محمد تقی فیض بخش 2 * , الهام فغانی 3
1 - بخش زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
2 - بخش زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان. ایران
3 - مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.
کلید واژه: پرولین, حبوبات, فنل, گلایسین بتائین, دانه,
چکیده مقاله :
در این آزمایش 21 ژنوتیپ مختلف باقلا از نظر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. به همین منظور آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو محیط آبیاری نرمال و تنش خشکی طی سال زراعي 1395-1396 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان اجرا شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد، تنش خشکی بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی (تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، فنل کل آندوسپرم، پرولین، پروتئین و گلایسین بتاﺋین) به جز وزن صد دانه تاثیر معنی‌داری داشت. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین بیشترین عملکرد دانه از ژنوتیپهای G-faba-65 و G-faba-67 به ترتیب در شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی (3/6410 و 8/3193 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بهدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد، درشرایط تنش خشکی میزان گلایسین بتائین( 87/44 درصد)، فنل 67(/15 درصد) و پرولین( 69/7 درصد) نسبت به شرایط آبیاری نرمال بیشتر بود. بر اساس شاخص‌های عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در غلاف و میزان پرولین ژنوتیپ G-faba-67 از لحاظ تحمل به خشکی نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپها برتری داشت.
In this experiment, 21 different genotypes of broad bean were investigated in terms of grain yield, yield components and biochemical compounds under drought stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications under two environments of normal irrigation and drought stress during 2015-2016 at Gorgan Agricultural Research Station. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of drought stress on all traits (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, biological yield, total endosperm phenol, proline, protein, and glycine betaine) except the weight of one hundred seeds. The comparison of the averages showed that the highest seed yield was obtained from G-faba-65 and G-faba-67 genotypes under normal and drought stress conditions (6410.3 and 3193.8 kg/hectare, respectively). The results showed that in drought stress, the amount of glycine betaine was 44.87%, phenol 15.67% and proline 7.69% was more than under normal irrigation conditions. Based on the grain yield indicators, the number of seeds in the pod and the amount of proline, genotype G-faba-67 showed higher resistance to drought stress than other genotypes.
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