ارزیابی تأثیر ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد جداسازی شده از خاک‌های زراعی بر محتوای یونی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
سارا کمال زاده
1
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نیما بهادر
2
,
فرشاد صادقی
3
1 - گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم، کشاورزی و فناوری‌های نوین، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.
2 - گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم، کشاورزی و فناوری‌های نوین، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.
3 - گروه باغبانی ، دانشکده علوم، کشاورزی و فناوری‌های نوین، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, تثبیت نیتروژن, گوجه‌فرنگی, باکتری محرک رشد گیاه, سیدروفور,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از عوامل زیستی در جهت افزایش رشد گیاهان و مقاومت آن‌ها در برابر انواع تنش ها، اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. در این تحقیق باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه از نمونه های خاک جداسازی و پس از شناسایی توانایی آن‌ها در کمک به مقابله گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی در برابر تنش خشکی ارزیابی گردید. نمونه برداری از خاک های مزارع گندم و جو اطراف کرج انجام شد و پس از جداسازی و خالص‌سازی اولیه ی باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات، تثبیت‌کننده‌ی نیتروژن و تولیدکننده‌ی سیدروفور به ترتیب با استفاده از محیط کشت PVK، تکنیکPCR برای شناسایی ژنnifH و محیط کشت CAS-آگار جداسازی شدند. سپس با استفاده از جدایه‌های شناسایی‌شده تحمل آن‌ها در برابر خشکی با محیط حاوی پلی اتیلن گلیکول سنجیده شد. درنهایت نشاء گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی با ایزوله های باکتریایی (جنس های باسیلوس، بروی باکتریوم و اکتینومایسیت) تلقیح شده و گیاه پس از رشد تحت تنش خشکی در سه سطح فشار اسمزی صفر، 4/0- و 8/0- مگاپاسکال قرار گرفت و سپس میزان یون‌های سدیم و پتاسیم در برگ، ریشه و ساقه گیاهان با استفاده از فلیم فتومتری و کلسیم با روش جذب اتمی اندازه گیری شد. نتایج بیانگر آن است که هر پنج ایزوله ای که دارای توانایی حل کردن فسفات، تثبیت نیتروژن و تولید سیدروفور بودند، قادر به تحمل خشکی تا فشار اسمزی 8/0- بودند. تمامی ایزوله ها در تنش خشکی، شدت کاهش یون ها در برگ، ریشه و ساقه به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از گیاهان شاهد اثر داشتند نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که تلقیح باکتریایی ایزوله ها با توجه به تولید سیدروفور و توانایی تثبیت نیتروژن به مقاومت گیاه در برابر تنش خشکی کمک می کند.
Applying biological agents for increasing plant growth and their resistance to different tensions is of particular importance. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and identify plant growth-promoting bacteria from soil samples and to evaluate their ability to help the tomato plant cope with drought stress. Soil samples were collected from wheat and barley farms around Karaj and after isolation and initial purification of phosphate solubilizing, nitrogen fixing, and siderophore producing strains, they were isolated using PVK media culture, nifH gene PCR, and CAS-agar media culture, respectively. The identified isolates were then analyzed in terms of their drought tolerance in an environment containing polyethylene glycol. Finally, tomato seedlings were inoculated with bacterial isolates (belonging to the Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Actinomycetes genera) before they were grown under drought stress at three osmotic pressure levels of 0, -0.4, and -0.8 MPa. Then, sodium and potassium ion contents of leaves, roots, and stems were measured using a flame photometer while calcium contents of the same organs were assayed through atomic absorption measurement. Results showed that all five isolates capable of dissolving phosphate, nitrogen fixation, and siderophore production were able to withstand drought up to -0.8 MPa osmotic pressure. All these isolates significantly affected drought stress and the intensity of ions reduction in leaves, roots, and stems compared with the control plants. The results of the present study showed that inoculation of the bacterial isolates considering their ability in siderophore production and nitrogen fixation may help the plant to resist drought stress.
Abdel Hadi, N.A.R.M. (2008). Stabilization of the phosphatic wastes using high calcium ash in Jordan. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 35(11):1193-1199.
Akula, R. and Ravishankar, G.A. (2011). Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 6(11):1720-1731.
Alikhani, H.A., Etesami, H. and Mohammadi, L. (2018). Evaluation of the Effect of Rhizospheric and Non-Rhizospheric phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Improving the Growth Indices of Wheat under Salinity and Drought Stress. Journal of Soil Biology, 6(1):1-14.
Alina, S.O., Constantinscu, F. and Petruta, C.C. (2015). Biodiversity of Bacillus subtilis group and beneficial traits of Bacillus species useful in plant protection. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 20:10737-10750.
Alp, Y. and Kabay, T. (2017). The effect of drought stress on plant development in some landraces and commercial tomato genotypes. Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(3): 387-395.
Anwar, S., Ali, B. and Sajid, I. (2016). Screening of rhizospheric actinomycetes for various in-vitro and in-vivo plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and for agroactive compounds. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7:1334.
Askary, M., Maghsoudi Moud, A., Saffari, V.R. and Askari, A. (2018). Effects of drought stress on some physiological variables and grain yield of different wheat varieties. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 8(1):57-73.
Azadi, H., Keramati, P., Taheri, F., Rafiaani, P., Teklemariam, D., Gebrehiwot, K. and Witlox, F. (2018). Agricultural land conversion: Reviewing drought impacts and coping strategies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31:184-195.
Azadikhah, M., Jamali, F., Nooryazdan, H.R. and Bayat, F. (2017). Screening Pseudomonas fluorescens strains for plant growth promoting properties and salinity tolerance. Biological Journal of Microorganism, 6(23):95-107.
Dastager, S. G. and Damare, S. (2013). Marine actinobacteria showing phosphate-solubilizing efficiency in Chorao Island, Goa, India. Current Microbiology, 66(5):421-427.
de Souza, R., Beneduzi, A., Ambrosini, A., Da Costa, P.B., Meyer, J., Vargas, L.K. and Passaglia, L.M. (2013). The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropped in southern Brazilian fields. Plant and soil, 366(1-2):585-603.
Dessaux, Y., Grandclément, C. and Faure, D. (2016). Engineering the rhizosphere. Trends in Plant Science, 21(3):266-278.
Ehteshami, S., Aghaalikhani, M., Chaichi, M. and Khavazi, K. (2009). Effect of phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of grain corn (Zea mays LSC 704) under water deficit stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 40(1):15-27.
Govindasamy, V., Senthilkumar, M., Magheshwaran, V., Kumar, U., Bose, P., Sharma, V. and Annapurna, K. (2010). Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp.: potential PGPR for sustainable agriculture Plant growth and health promoting bacteria (pp. 333-364): Springer.
Gururani, M.A., Venkatesh, J. and Tran, L.S.P. (2015). Regulation of photosynthesis during abiotic stress-induced photoinhibition. Molecular Plant, 8(9):1304-1320.
Hayat, R., Sheirdil, R.A., Iftikhar-ul-Hassan, M. and Ahmed, I. (2013). Characterization and identification of compost bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Annals of Microbiology, 63(3): 905-912.
Heidari, M. and Golpayegani, A. (2012). Effects of water stress and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on antioxidant status and photosynthetic pigments in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 11(1):57-61.
Jog, R., Nareshkumar, G. and Rajkumar, S. (2016). Enhancing soil health and plant growth promotion by actinomycetes Plant growth promoting actinobacteria (pp. 33-45): Springer.
Karpagam, T. and Nagalakshmi, P. (2014). Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microbes from agricultural soil. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(3):601-614.
Kasim, W.A., Osman, M.E., Omar, M.N., Abd El-Daim, I.A., Bejai, S. and Meijer, J. (2013). Control of drought stress in wheat using plant-growth-promoting bacteria. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32(1):122-130.
Khanizadeh, P., Abtahi Faezeh Sadat, H.M. and Hosseini, N. (1398). Stimulating effects of Pseudomonas putida and fluorescence on germination and growth components of Melissa officinalis. Journal of Plant Research, 32 (3):559-572.
Khosravi, A., Zarei, M. and Ronaghi, A. (2018). Effect of PGPR, phosphate sources and vermicompost on growth and nutrients uptake by lettuce in a calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(1):80-89.
Kiran, S., Kuşvuran, Ş., Özkay, F. and Ellialtioglu, Ş.Ş. (2015). Domates, Patlıcan ve Kavun Genotiplerinin Kuraklığa Dayanım Durumlarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Olarak İncelenen Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkiler. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(2):9-25.
Kusvuran, S. (2012). Influence of drought stress on growth, ion accumulation and antioxidative enzymes in okra genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(3):401-406.
Kusvuran, S., Dasgan, H.Y. and Abak, K. (2013). Citrulline is an important biochemical indicator in tolerance to saline and drought stresses in melon. The Scientific World Journal, 1-8.
Mahajan, R., Nikitina, A., Litti, Y., Nozhevnikova, A. and Goel, G. (2016). Autochthonous microbial community associated with pine needle forest litterfall influences its degradation under natural environmental conditions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(7): 417.
Marschner, H. (2011). Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants: Academic press.
Passari, A.K., Lalsiamthari, P., Leo, V.V., Mishra, V.K., Yadav, M.K., Gupta, V. K. and Singh, B.P. (2018). Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of Capsicum annuum by rhizospheric bacteria isolated from turmeric endowed with plant growth promotion and disease suppression potential. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 150(4):831-846.
Porcel, R., Zamarreño, Á.M., García-Mina, J.M. and Aroca, R. (2014). Involvement of plant endogenous ABA in Bacillus megaterium PGPR activity in tomato plants. BMC Plant Biology, 14(1):1-12.
Taromi Aliabadi, B., Hassandokht, M., Etesami, H., Alikhani, H. and Dehghanisanij, H. (2019). Effect of mulching on some characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under deficit irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(4):927-941.
Timmusk, S. and Wagner, E.G.H. (1999). The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa induces changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression: a possible connection between biotic and abiotic stress responses. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 12(11):951-959.
Yang, X., Chen, L., Yong, X. and Shen, Q. (2011). Formulations can affect rhizosphere colonization and biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 against Fusarium wilt of cucumbers. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 47(3):239-248.
Yekbun, A. and Kabay, T. (2019). The Effect of Drought Stress on Antioxidative Enzyme and Nutrient Exchange in Genotypes. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1):71-77.
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Abdel Hadi, N.A.R.M. (2008). Stabilization of the phosphatic wastes using high calcium ash in Jordan. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 35(11):1193-1199.
Akula, R. and Ravishankar, G.A. (2011). Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 6(11):1720-1731.
Alikhani, H.A., Etesami, H. and Mohammadi, L. (2018). Evaluation of the Effect of Rhizospheric and Non-Rhizospheric phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Improving the Growth Indices of Wheat under Salinity and Drought Stress. Journal of Soil Biology, 6(1):1-14.
Alina, S.O., Constantinscu, F. and Petruta, C.C. (2015). Biodiversity of Bacillus subtilis group and beneficial traits of Bacillus species useful in plant protection. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 20:10737-10750.
Alp, Y. and Kabay, T. (2017). The effect of drought stress on plant development in some landraces and commercial tomato genotypes. Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(3): 387-395.
Anwar, S., Ali, B. and Sajid, I. (2016). Screening of rhizospheric actinomycetes for various in-vitro and in-vivo plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and for agroactive compounds. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7:1334.
Askary, M., Maghsoudi Moud, A., Saffari, V.R. and Askari, A. (2018). Effects of drought stress on some physiological variables and grain yield of different wheat varieties. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 8(1):57-73.
Azadi, H., Keramati, P., Taheri, F., Rafiaani, P., Teklemariam, D., Gebrehiwot, K. and Witlox, F. (2018). Agricultural land conversion: Reviewing drought impacts and coping strategies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31:184-195.
Azadikhah, M., Jamali, F., Nooryazdan, H.R. and Bayat, F. (2017). Screening Pseudomonas fluorescens strains for plant growth promoting properties and salinity tolerance. Biological Journal of Microorganism, 6(23):95-107.
Dastager, S. G. and Damare, S. (2013). Marine actinobacteria showing phosphate-solubilizing efficiency in Chorao Island, Goa, India. Current Microbiology, 66(5):421-427.
de Souza, R., Beneduzi, A., Ambrosini, A., Da Costa, P.B., Meyer, J., Vargas, L.K. and Passaglia, L.M. (2013). The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropped in southern Brazilian fields. Plant and soil, 366(1-2):585-603.
Dessaux, Y., Grandclément, C. and Faure, D. (2016). Engineering the rhizosphere. Trends in Plant Science, 21(3):266-278.
Ehteshami, S., Aghaalikhani, M., Chaichi, M. and Khavazi, K. (2009). Effect of phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of grain corn (Zea mays LSC 704) under water deficit stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 40(1):15-27.
Govindasamy, V., Senthilkumar, M., Magheshwaran, V., Kumar, U., Bose, P., Sharma, V. and Annapurna, K. (2010). Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp.: potential PGPR for sustainable agriculture Plant growth and health promoting bacteria (pp. 333-364): Springer.
Gururani, M.A., Venkatesh, J. and Tran, L.S.P. (2015). Regulation of photosynthesis during abiotic stress-induced photoinhibition. Molecular Plant, 8(9):1304-1320.
Hayat, R., Sheirdil, R.A., Iftikhar-ul-Hassan, M. and Ahmed, I. (2013). Characterization and identification of compost bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Annals of Microbiology, 63(3): 905-912.
Heidari, M. and Golpayegani, A. (2012). Effects of water stress and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on antioxidant status and photosynthetic pigments in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 11(1):57-61.
Jog, R., Nareshkumar, G. and Rajkumar, S. (2016). Enhancing soil health and plant growth promotion by actinomycetes Plant growth promoting actinobacteria (pp. 33-45): Springer.
Karpagam, T. and Nagalakshmi, P. (2014). Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microbes from agricultural soil. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(3):601-614.
Kasim, W.A., Osman, M.E., Omar, M.N., Abd El-Daim, I.A., Bejai, S. and Meijer, J. (2013). Control of drought stress in wheat using plant-growth-promoting bacteria. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32(1):122-130.
Khanizadeh, P., Abtahi Faezeh Sadat, H.M. and Hosseini, N. (1398). Stimulating effects of Pseudomonas putida and fluorescence on germination and growth components of Melissa officinalis. Journal of Plant Research, 32 (3):559-572.
Khosravi, A., Zarei, M. and Ronaghi, A. (2018). Effect of PGPR, phosphate sources and vermicompost on growth and nutrients uptake by lettuce in a calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(1):80-89.
Kiran, S., Kuşvuran, Ş., Özkay, F. and Ellialtioglu, Ş.Ş. (2015). Domates, Patlıcan ve Kavun Genotiplerinin Kuraklığa Dayanım Durumlarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Olarak İncelenen Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkiler. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(2):9-25.
Kusvuran, S. (2012). Influence of drought stress on growth, ion accumulation and antioxidative enzymes in okra genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(3):401-406.
Kusvuran, S., Dasgan, H.Y. and Abak, K. (2013). Citrulline is an important biochemical indicator in tolerance to saline and drought stresses in melon. The Scientific World Journal, 1-8.
Mahajan, R., Nikitina, A., Litti, Y., Nozhevnikova, A. and Goel, G. (2016). Autochthonous microbial community associated with pine needle forest litterfall influences its degradation under natural environmental conditions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(7): 417.
Marschner, H. (2011). Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants: Academic press.
Passari, A.K., Lalsiamthari, P., Leo, V.V., Mishra, V.K., Yadav, M.K., Gupta, V. K. and Singh, B.P. (2018). Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of Capsicum annuum by rhizospheric bacteria isolated from turmeric endowed with plant growth promotion and disease suppression potential. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 150(4):831-846.
Porcel, R., Zamarreño, Á.M., García-Mina, J.M. and Aroca, R. (2014). Involvement of plant endogenous ABA in Bacillus megaterium PGPR activity in tomato plants. BMC Plant Biology, 14(1):1-12.
Taromi Aliabadi, B., Hassandokht, M., Etesami, H., Alikhani, H. and Dehghanisanij, H. (2019). Effect of mulching on some characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under deficit irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(4):927-941.
Timmusk, S. and Wagner, E.G.H. (1999). The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa induces changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression: a possible connection between biotic and abiotic stress responses. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 12(11):951-959.
Yang, X., Chen, L., Yong, X. and Shen, Q. (2011). Formulations can affect rhizosphere colonization and biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 against Fusarium wilt of cucumbers. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 47(3):239-248.
Yekbun, A. and Kabay, T. (2019). The Effect of Drought Stress on Antioxidative Enzyme and Nutrient Exchange in Genotypes. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1):71-77.