تاثیر سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس مرزه(Satureja hortensis L.) در شرایط کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکالهام عزیزی 1 , نفیسه جناتی 2 , محمد آرمین 3
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران،
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سبزوار، ایران.
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سبزوار، ایران.
کلید واژه: کود آلی, وزن خشک, اسانس, مرزه,
چکیده مقاله :
حاصلخیزی خاک به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل موثر بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاهان زراعی و دارویی مطرح است. به منظور بررسی اثرورمی کمپوست و اسید هیومیک بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.)، آزمایش گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در شرایط محیط طبیعی در دانشگاه پیام نور سبزوار انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل ورمی کمپوست در سه سطح (0، 25، 50 درصد حجمی) و اسید هیومیک در چهار سطح (0، 250، 500 و 750 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. در این تحقیق، صفات ارتفاع گیاه، طول ریشه، تعداد انشعاب، وزن خشک برگ، ساقه و ریشه، نسبت وزن خشک برگ به ساقه، درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس اندازه گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ورمی کمپوست بر ارتفاع ساقه، تعداد انشعاب در متر مربع، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه و ریشه و نسبت وزن خشک برگ به ساقه گیاه معنی دار بود، اما این تیمار، تاثیر معنی داری بر درصد و عملکرد اسانس گیاه مرزه نداشت. بیشترین ارتفاع ساقه و وزن خشک برگ، ساقه و ریشه در تیمار 50 درصد حجمی ورمی کمپوست مشاهده شد. تاثیر سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک نیز بر وزن خشک ساقه، وزن خشک ریشه و نسبت وزن خشک برگ به ساقه از نظر آماری معنی دار بود. به طور کلی نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که دو کود آلی مورد استفاده، اثر هم افزایی داشتند به گونه ای که بالاترین مقدار وزن خشک برگ، ساقه و ریشه و عملکرد اسانس در تیمار 50 درصد حجمی ورمی کمپوست و 750 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک حاصل شد.
Soil fertility is an effective factor on quantity and quality of crops and medicinal plants. In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of savory(satureia hortensis L.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design in Payame Noor University of Sabzevar under natural condition. Treatments were vermicompost in three levels (0, 25, and 50 percent in volume) and humic acid in four levels (0, 250, 500, and 750 mg.l-1). In this study, plant height, root length, branch number as well as leaf, root, and shoot dry weights and essential oil percentage and yield were measured. Results indicated that vermicompost affected stem height, branch number per m2, dry weight of leaf, stem, and root, and leaf to stem ratio significantly while this treatment did not have a significant effect on essential oil percentage and yield of savory. The highest stem height and dry weight of leaf, stem, and root were observed in 50% vermicompost. The effect of humic acid was also significant on stem and leaf dry weight and leaf to stem ratio, statistically. In general, results showed that both organic fertilizers had synergistic effect as the highest dry weight of leaf, stem, and root and also essential oil yield were obtained under vermicompost 50% and humic acid 750 mg.l-1 treatment.
Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A. and Idowu, O.J. (2004). Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal ofPlant Nutrition. 27: 1163-1181
Alizadeh, A., Nadjafi, F. and Salehi, P. (2014). The effect of organic fertilizers (humic acid and vermicompost extract) on yield traits and essential oil content in Satureja khuzistanic. The first national congeress of medical plants, traditional medicine and organic agriculture. 29 Novamber, Hamedan.
Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K.,Naqvi, A.A. and Khanuja, S.P.S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
Azizi M., Rezwanee, F., Hassanzadeh Khayat, M., Lackzian, A. and Neamati, H. (2008). The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) C.V. Goral. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24(1): 82-93.
Bagheri, A., Khalilian, S. and Naghdi-Abadi, H.A. (2005). Medicinal plants in Iran and the world.Proceedings of the National Conference on Sustainable Development of Medicinal Plants. 27- 29 July. 625-626.
Bahaloo, Z., Reezi, S., Rabiei, G. and Saeedi, K. (2018). The positive effects of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) after transplanting. Journal of science. & Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 8(4): 17-24.
Delfine, S., Tognetti, R., Desiderio, E. and Alvino, A. (2005). Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Agronomy forSustainable Development. 25: 183-191.
Ebadi, T., Falahi, j., Azizi, M. and Rezvani-Moghadam, P. (2008). The investigation of organic fertilizer effect on growth factors and yield of 2 varieties of Maticaria chamomilla. First National Confernece on Management and Development of Sustainable Agriculture of Iran. Shooshtar, 21 December.
Elsen, T.V. (2000). Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 77: 101-109.
Fatma, E.M., El-Zamik, I., Tomader, T., El-Hadidy, H.I. Abd El-Fattah, L. and Seham Salem, H. (2006). Efficiency of biofertilizers, organic and in organic amendments application on growth and essential oil pf marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous .Agric. Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Zagazig University and Soil Fertility and Microbiology Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Gardezi, A.K., Ferrera, R., Acuna, J.L. and saavedra, M.L. (2000). Sesbania emerus (Aubi) urban inoculated with Glomus sp. in the presence of vermicompost. Mycorrhiza News, 12(3): 12-15.
Griffe, P., Metha, S. and Shankar, D. (2003). Organic Production of Medicinal, Aromaticand Dye-Yielding Plants (MADPs): Forward, Preface and Introduction, FAO.
Hameeda, B., Rupela, O.P., Reddy, G. and Satyavani, K. (2006). Application of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with composts and macrofauna for growth promotion of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 43(2): 221-227.
Jahan, M., Khalilzadeh, H., Amiri, M.B. and Tahami, M.K. (2010). The effect of Application of organic and biological fertilizers on some of quantitative and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. 2nd National Conference on Sustainable agriculture and Development(Opportunities and Challenges).Eslamic Azad University of Shiraz, 2-3 February.
Kalesro S., and Malekian, M. (2017). Effects of vermicompost and humic acid on morphological traits, yield, essential oil content and component in organic farming of Ajwan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 32(6): 968-980.
Kauser, A. and Azam, F. (1985). Effect of humic acid on wheat seeding growth. Environmental and ExperimentalBotany. 25, 245-252.
Maji, D., Misra, P., Singh, S. and Karla, A. (2017). Humic acid rich vermicompost promotes plant growth by improving microbial community structure of soil as well as root nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of Pisum sativum. Applied Soil Ecology. 110: 97-108.
Malekian, H. (2013). Evaluation of using vermicompost and humic acid on yield, essential oil percentage and components in organic culture of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi). Ph.D. thesis. Kordestan University.
Nasiri Dehsorkhi, A., Makarian, H., Varnaseri Ghandali, V. and Salari, N. (2018). nvestigation of effect of humic acid and vermicompost application on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Applied Research in field crops. 31 (1): 93-113.
Prabha, M.L., Jayraaj, I.A., Jayraaj, R. and Rao, D.S. (2007). Effect of vermicompost on growth parameters of selected vegetable and medicinal plants. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 9: 321- 326.
Renato, Y., Ferreira, M.E., Cruz, M.C. and Barbosa, J.C. (2003). Organic matter fractions and soil fertility under influence of liming, vermicopmpost and cattle manure. Bioresource Technology. 60:59-63.
Sabzevari, S., Khazaie, H.R. and Kafi, M. (2009). Effect of humic acid on root and shoot growth of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of water and soil. 23(2): 87-94.
Safaee, M., Rahimi, A., Torabi, B. and Ghahfarokhi, Kh. (2017). Effect of vermi-compost fertilizer application and foliar spraying of compost tea and acid humic on growth Indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agroecology. 9(3): 805-820.
Saleki, M., Rahimi, A., Torabi, B., Akhgar, A.R. and Dadrasi, A. (2018). The effect of Biological fertilizer on growth and yield of Panicum miliaceum under salinity condition. Journal of Crop Production. 11(3): 1-14.
Sharma, A.K. (2002). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture،Agro–bios،India, 300 p.
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Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A. and Idowu, O.J. (2004). Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal ofPlant Nutrition. 27: 1163-1181
Alizadeh, A., Nadjafi, F. and Salehi, P. (2014). The effect of organic fertilizers (humic acid and vermicompost extract) on yield traits and essential oil content in Satureja khuzistanic. The first national congeress of medical plants, traditional medicine and organic agriculture. 29 Novamber, Hamedan.
Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K.,Naqvi, A.A. and Khanuja, S.P.S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
Azizi M., Rezwanee, F., Hassanzadeh Khayat, M., Lackzian, A. and Neamati, H. (2008). The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) C.V. Goral. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24(1): 82-93.
Bagheri, A., Khalilian, S. and Naghdi-Abadi, H.A. (2005). Medicinal plants in Iran and the world.Proceedings of the National Conference on Sustainable Development of Medicinal Plants. 27- 29 July. 625-626.
Bahaloo, Z., Reezi, S., Rabiei, G. and Saeedi, K. (2018). The positive effects of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) after transplanting. Journal of science. & Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 8(4): 17-24.
Delfine, S., Tognetti, R., Desiderio, E. and Alvino, A. (2005). Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Agronomy forSustainable Development. 25: 183-191.
Ebadi, T., Falahi, j., Azizi, M. and Rezvani-Moghadam, P. (2008). The investigation of organic fertilizer effect on growth factors and yield of 2 varieties of Maticaria chamomilla. First National Confernece on Management and Development of Sustainable Agriculture of Iran. Shooshtar, 21 December.
Elsen, T.V. (2000). Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 77: 101-109.
Fatma, E.M., El-Zamik, I., Tomader, T., El-Hadidy, H.I. Abd El-Fattah, L. and Seham Salem, H. (2006). Efficiency of biofertilizers, organic and in organic amendments application on growth and essential oil pf marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous .Agric. Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Zagazig University and Soil Fertility and Microbiology Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Gardezi, A.K., Ferrera, R., Acuna, J.L. and saavedra, M.L. (2000). Sesbania emerus (Aubi) urban inoculated with Glomus sp. in the presence of vermicompost. Mycorrhiza News, 12(3): 12-15.
Griffe, P., Metha, S. and Shankar, D. (2003). Organic Production of Medicinal, Aromaticand Dye-Yielding Plants (MADPs): Forward, Preface and Introduction, FAO.
Hameeda, B., Rupela, O.P., Reddy, G. and Satyavani, K. (2006). Application of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with composts and macrofauna for growth promotion of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 43(2): 221-227.
Jahan, M., Khalilzadeh, H., Amiri, M.B. and Tahami, M.K. (2010). The effect of Application of organic and biological fertilizers on some of quantitative and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. 2nd National Conference on Sustainable agriculture and Development(Opportunities and Challenges).Eslamic Azad University of Shiraz, 2-3 February.
Kalesro S., and Malekian, M. (2017). Effects of vermicompost and humic acid on morphological traits, yield, essential oil content and component in organic farming of Ajwan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 32(6): 968-980.
Kauser, A. and Azam, F. (1985). Effect of humic acid on wheat seeding growth. Environmental and ExperimentalBotany. 25, 245-252.
Maji, D., Misra, P., Singh, S. and Karla, A. (2017). Humic acid rich vermicompost promotes plant growth by improving microbial community structure of soil as well as root nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of Pisum sativum. Applied Soil Ecology. 110: 97-108.
Malekian, H. (2013). Evaluation of using vermicompost and humic acid on yield, essential oil percentage and components in organic culture of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi). Ph.D. thesis. Kordestan University.
Nasiri Dehsorkhi, A., Makarian, H., Varnaseri Ghandali, V. and Salari, N. (2018). nvestigation of effect of humic acid and vermicompost application on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Applied Research in field crops. 31 (1): 93-113.
Prabha, M.L., Jayraaj, I.A., Jayraaj, R. and Rao, D.S. (2007). Effect of vermicompost on growth parameters of selected vegetable and medicinal plants. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 9: 321- 326.
Renato, Y., Ferreira, M.E., Cruz, M.C. and Barbosa, J.C. (2003). Organic matter fractions and soil fertility under influence of liming, vermicopmpost and cattle manure. Bioresource Technology. 60:59-63.
Sabzevari, S., Khazaie, H.R. and Kafi, M. (2009). Effect of humic acid on root and shoot growth of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of water and soil. 23(2): 87-94.
Safaee, M., Rahimi, A., Torabi, B. and Ghahfarokhi, Kh. (2017). Effect of vermi-compost fertilizer application and foliar spraying of compost tea and acid humic on growth Indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agroecology. 9(3): 805-820.
Saleki, M., Rahimi, A., Torabi, B., Akhgar, A.R. and Dadrasi, A. (2018). The effect of Biological fertilizer on growth and yield of Panicum miliaceum under salinity condition. Journal of Crop Production. 11(3): 1-14.
Sharma, A.K. (2002). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture،Agro–bios،India, 300 p.