تأثیر میکوریزا و سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک ذرت (Zea mays)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
پوریا مظلوم
1
(گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.)
محسن پیمان یونس پور
2
(گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.)
مرتضی سام دلیری
3
(گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.)
امیر عباس موسوی میرکلائی
4
(گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.)
مرتضی مبلغی
5
(گروه زراعت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.)
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, سالیسیلیک اسید, کلروفیلa, محلول‌پاشی, همزیستی میکوریزایی,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزایی و محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید بر عملکرد و رنگریزهای فتوسنتزی ذرت آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1397-1398 طی دو سال زراعی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل میکوریزا گونه های (G. mosseae)، (G. geosporum) و (G. intraradices) در دو سطح (عدم مصرف و مصرف میکوریزا) و اسید سالیسیلیک در دو سطح (عدم مصرف و مصرف یک میلی‌مولار اسید سالیسیلیک) بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات دوگانه میکوریزا ×سال و میکوریزا × اسید سالیسیلیک بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی تأثیر مثبت و معنی داری داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته در تیمار قارچ (G. intraradices) و در شرایط محلول پاشی با اسید سالیسیلیک به دست آمد. همچنین صفات وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، فسفر، پتاسیم و نیتروژن دانه و کلروفیل a و b در تیمار قارچ G. mosseae در شرایط محلول‌پاشی با اسید سالیسیلیک نتیجه بهتری نسبت به دیگر تیمارها مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که مصرف میکوریزا به همراه محلول‌پاشی با اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش رشد رویشی و زایشی می شود. این افزایش به دلیل افزایش فتوسنتز و در نتیجه افزایش مواد فتوسنتزی بیشتری است که در جهت توسعه ی اندام‌های زایشی اختصاص داده شده است، که در نهایت موجب بهبود عملکرد ذرت می‌شود.
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and foliar application of salicylic acid on yield and photosynthetic pigments of corn, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two cropping years 2018-2019 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. Experimental factors included mycorrhiza species (G. mosseae), (G. geosporum), and (G. intraradices) at two levels (no consumption and consumption of mycorrhiza) and salicylic acid at two levels (no consumption and consumption of 1 mM salicylic acid). Results showed that the dual effects of mycorrhiza × year and mycorrhiza × salicylic acid had a positive and significant effect on all studied traits. The highest plant height was obtained in the treatment with G. intraradices and salicylic acid. Also, 1000 grain weight, seed yield, phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen contents of seeds, and chlorophyll a and b levels were higher in salicylic acid foliar treatment compared with the other treatments. In general, the results showed that mycorrhizal application with salicylic acid spray increased vegetative and reproductive growth. This enhancement is due to the increase in photosynthesis index and, consequently an increase in photosynthetic materials dedicated to the development of reproductive organs, which ultimately improves corn yield.
Amin, A.A., El-Sh.M. Rashad and F.A. Gharib. )2008(. Changes in morphological, physiological and reproductive characters of wheat plants as affected by foliar application with salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2 (2): 252-261.
Arnon, D.I. (1975). Physiological Principles of Dry land Crop Production. In, Physiological aspects of dry land farming. Gupta U.S. (Eds.), Oxford Press, 145 p.
Aslani, Z., Hassani, A., Rasooli Sadagiyani, M., Sefidkon, F., Barin, M., and Gheibi, S. (2010). Effect of symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi on some physiological characteristics of basil (Osimum basilicum) under drought stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 2(2): 109-117.
Attarzadeh, M., Torabi, B., and Madah Hosseini. S. (2015). Interaction of salicylic acid and high temperature stress on some physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of field crop Research, 12(4), 718-726.
Bremner, J.M., and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Methods of soil analysis, part 2 chemical and microbiological properties, 595-624.
Chen, B., Shen, H., Li, X., Feng, G. and Christie, P. (2004). Effects of EDTA application and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on growth and zinc uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in soil experimentally contaminated with zinc. Plant and soil, 261(1-2): 219-229.
Demir, S. (2004). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on some physiological, growth parameters of pepper. Turkish Journal of Biology, 28: 85-90.
Ebrahimi, M., and Jafari Haghghi, B. (2012). The effect of salicylic acid application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) in drought stress condition. Journal of Plant Eco physiology, 4(10), 1-13.
Emami, A. (1996). In the description of methods of analysis, Volume I, No. 982 technical publications. Soil Research Institute and Water p, 91-128.
Ezati, N., Maleki, A. Fathi, A. (2020). Effect of drought stress and spraying of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Canola (Brassica napus). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 4(56): 94-109.
Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S. & Ahmad, A. (2003). Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica, 41: 281-284.
Garg, N., and Bharti, A. (2018). Salicylic acid improves arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, and chickpea growth and yield by modulating carbohydrate metabolism under salt stress. Mycorrhiza, 28(8), 727-746.
Giri, B., Kapoor, R., and Mukerji, K.G. (2002). VA mycorrhizal techniques/ VAM technology in establishment of plants under salinity stress condition. In: Mukerji, K.G., Manoracheir, C., & Singh, J. (eds) Techniques in mycorrhizal stueies Kluwer, Dordrecht. pp. 313-327.
Hashempour, A., Ghasemzhad, M. Fotouhi, G. and Sohani, M.M. (2014). The hysiologicaland biochemical response to freezing stress olive plants treated with salicylic acid. Russian Journal Plant Physio. 61(4): 443-450.
Jirani, M., Sajedi, N., Madani, H., Sheikhi, M., (2009). Effects of growth regulators and water deficit stress on agronomic traits of wheat of Shahriar cultivar. New agricultural findings. 3(4): 333-344.
Karami Chame, S., Khalil-Tahmasbi, B., ShahMahmoodi, P., Abdollahi, A., Fathi, A., Seyed Mousavi, S.J., and Bahamin, S. (2016). Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and Pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Sci Agri, 14(2): 234-238.
Karami, H., Maleki, A., Fathi, A. (2018). Determination Effect of Mycorrhiza and Vermicompost on Accumulation of Seed Nutrient Elements in Maize (Zea mays L.) Affected by Chemical Fertilizer. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 4(3): 15-29.
Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B., and Smith, D. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Plant Physiol., 160: 485-92.
Khodary, A.S.E. )2004(. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt stressed maize plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 226:1560–8530.
Maleki, A., and Fathi, A. (2019). Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Yield of Canola under Drought Stress and Spraying of Gibberellin and Salicylic Acid. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 5(3): 1-11.
Mehrabian Moghaddam, N., Arvin, M. J., Khajuee Nezhad, Gh. R., and Maghsoudi, K. (2011). Effect of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Forage and Grain Yield of Maize under Drought Stress in Field Conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 27(1): 41-55.
Naghizadeh, M., and Gholami Tooran Poshti, M. (2014). Evaluation the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on yield and yield components of wheat under drought stress conditions. Agroecology, 6(1): 162-170.
Neisi, A., Parsaeian, M., Gholami, A., Baradaran Firouzabadi, M., and Hamid Abbasdokht, H. (2018). Effects of tillage systems, salicylic acid and mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic pigments and some traits of maize Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50(1): 85-96.
Okon, Y. and Kapulnik, Y. (1986(. Development and Functions of Azospirillum inoculated roots. Plant and soil, 90: 3-16.
Parsa Motlagh, B. (2010). Effect of Interaction of Irrigation Water Salinity, Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Beans (Phaseseolus vulgaris L.). M.Sc. in Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University.
Popova, L., Pancheva, T., and Uzunova, A. (1997). Salicylic acid: properties, biosynthesis and physiology role. Plant Physiology, 23: 85-93.
Quiroga, G., Erice, G., Aroca, R., Zamarreño, Á. M., García-Mina, J. M., and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and salicylic acid regulate aquaporins and root hydraulic properties in maize plants subjected to drought. Agricultural Water Management, 202: 271-284.
Rahmani, S. (2015). Effect of Phosphorus and Mycorrhiza Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn. M.Sc., Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Rajabi, L., Sajedi, N.A., and Roshandel, M. (2013). Response of yield and yield component of dry land chick pea to salicylic acid and superabsorbent polimer Journal of Crop Production Research,4(4): 343-355.
Sahraei, E., Maleki, A., Pazoki, A., and Fathi, A. (2018). The effect of Salicylic and Ascorbic Acid on Eco physiological Characteristics and German Chamomile Essences in Deficit of Water. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 5 (1): 117-142.
Shakirova, F.M., Sakhahutdinova, R.A., Berzukova, M.V., Fatkhutdinova, R.A., and Fatkhutdinova, D.R. (2003). Change in hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Sciences, 164: 317.
Sharma, A.K. (2002). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India, 407 p.
Shehata, M.M and EL-Khawas, S.A. (2003). Effect of two biofertilizers on growth parameters, yield characters, nitrogenous components, nucleic acids content, minerals, oil content, protein profiles and DNA banding pattern of sunflower yield. Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences, 6(14): 1257-1268.
Taheri Oshtrinani, F., and Fathi, A. (2016). The impacts of mycorrhiza and phosphorus along with the use of salicylic acid on maize seed yield. Journal of Crop Eco physiology. 10(39): 657-668.
Vessey, J.K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant and Soil, 255: 571-586.
Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M.A. Pirdashti, H. and Esmaili, M.A. (2009). Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn.
International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 18: 20-25.
Zeidali, E., Naseri, R., Mirzaei, A., Fathi, A., and Darabi, F. (2018). Study the effect of plant nourishment with chemical, PGPR and manure fertilizers on agro-physiologic characteristics and weed density of maize. Journal of Plant Eco physiology, 10(32): 198-214.
_||_Amin, A.A., El-Sh.M. Rashad and F.A. Gharib. )2008(. Changes in morphological, physiological and reproductive characters of wheat plants as affected by foliar application with salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2 (2): 252-261.
Arnon, D.I. (1975). Physiological Principles of Dry land Crop Production. In, Physiological aspects of dry land farming. Gupta U.S. (Eds.), Oxford Press, 145 p.
Aslani, Z., Hassani, A., Rasooli Sadagiyani, M., Sefidkon, F., Barin, M., and Gheibi, S. (2010). Effect of symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi on some physiological characteristics of basil (Osimum basilicum) under drought stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 2(2): 109-117.
Attarzadeh, M., Torabi, B., and Madah Hosseini. S. (2015). Interaction of salicylic acid and high temperature stress on some physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of field crop Research, 12(4), 718-726.
Bremner, J.M., and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Methods of soil analysis, part 2 chemical and microbiological properties, 595-624.
Chen, B., Shen, H., Li, X., Feng, G. and Christie, P. (2004). Effects of EDTA application and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on growth and zinc uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in soil experimentally contaminated with zinc. Plant and soil, 261(1-2): 219-229.
Demir, S. (2004). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on some physiological, growth parameters of pepper. Turkish Journal of Biology, 28: 85-90.
Ebrahimi, M., and Jafari Haghghi, B. (2012). The effect of salicylic acid application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) in drought stress condition. Journal of Plant Eco physiology, 4(10), 1-13.
Emami, A. (1996). In the description of methods of analysis, Volume I, No. 982 technical publications. Soil Research Institute and Water p, 91-128.
Ezati, N., Maleki, A. Fathi, A. (2020). Effect of drought stress and spraying of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Canola (Brassica napus). Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 4(56): 94-109.
Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S. & Ahmad, A. (2003). Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica, 41: 281-284.
Garg, N., and Bharti, A. (2018). Salicylic acid improves arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, and chickpea growth and yield by modulating carbohydrate metabolism under salt stress. Mycorrhiza, 28(8), 727-746.
Giri, B., Kapoor, R., and Mukerji, K.G. (2002). VA mycorrhizal techniques/ VAM technology in establishment of plants under salinity stress condition. In: Mukerji, K.G., Manoracheir, C., & Singh, J. (eds) Techniques in mycorrhizal stueies Kluwer, Dordrecht. pp. 313-327.
Hashempour, A., Ghasemzhad, M. Fotouhi, G. and Sohani, M.M. (2014). The hysiologicaland biochemical response to freezing stress olive plants treated with salicylic acid. Russian Journal Plant Physio. 61(4): 443-450.
Jirani, M., Sajedi, N., Madani, H., Sheikhi, M., (2009). Effects of growth regulators and water deficit stress on agronomic traits of wheat of Shahriar cultivar. New agricultural findings. 3(4): 333-344.
Karami Chame, S., Khalil-Tahmasbi, B., ShahMahmoodi, P., Abdollahi, A., Fathi, A., Seyed Mousavi, S.J., and Bahamin, S. (2016). Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and Pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Sci Agri, 14(2): 234-238.
Karami, H., Maleki, A., Fathi, A. (2018). Determination Effect of Mycorrhiza and Vermicompost on Accumulation of Seed Nutrient Elements in Maize (Zea mays L.) Affected by Chemical Fertilizer. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 4(3): 15-29.
Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B., and Smith, D. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Plant Physiol., 160: 485-92.
Khodary, A.S.E. )2004(. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt stressed maize plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 226:1560–8530.
Maleki, A., and Fathi, A. (2019). Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Yield of Canola under Drought Stress and Spraying of Gibberellin and Salicylic Acid. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 5(3): 1-11.
Mehrabian Moghaddam, N., Arvin, M. J., Khajuee Nezhad, Gh. R., and Maghsoudi, K. (2011). Effect of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Forage and Grain Yield of Maize under Drought Stress in Field Conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 27(1): 41-55.
Naghizadeh, M., and Gholami Tooran Poshti, M. (2014). Evaluation the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on yield and yield components of wheat under drought stress conditions. Agroecology, 6(1): 162-170.
Neisi, A., Parsaeian, M., Gholami, A., Baradaran Firouzabadi, M., and Hamid Abbasdokht, H. (2018). Effects of tillage systems, salicylic acid and mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic pigments and some traits of maize Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50(1): 85-96.
Okon, Y. and Kapulnik, Y. (1986(. Development and Functions of Azospirillum inoculated roots. Plant and soil, 90: 3-16.
Parsa Motlagh, B. (2010). Effect of Interaction of Irrigation Water Salinity, Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Beans (Phaseseolus vulgaris L.). M.Sc. in Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University.
Popova, L., Pancheva, T., and Uzunova, A. (1997). Salicylic acid: properties, biosynthesis and physiology role. Plant Physiology, 23: 85-93.
Quiroga, G., Erice, G., Aroca, R., Zamarreño, Á. M., García-Mina, J. M., and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and salicylic acid regulate aquaporins and root hydraulic properties in maize plants subjected to drought. Agricultural Water Management, 202: 271-284.
Rahmani, S. (2015). Effect of Phosphorus and Mycorrhiza Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn. M.Sc., Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Rajabi, L., Sajedi, N.A., and Roshandel, M. (2013). Response of yield and yield component of dry land chick pea to salicylic acid and superabsorbent polimer Journal of Crop Production Research,4(4): 343-355.
Sahraei, E., Maleki, A., Pazoki, A., and Fathi, A. (2018). The effect of Salicylic and Ascorbic Acid on Eco physiological Characteristics and German Chamomile Essences in Deficit of Water. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 5 (1): 117-142.
Shakirova, F.M., Sakhahutdinova, R.A., Berzukova, M.V., Fatkhutdinova, R.A., and Fatkhutdinova, D.R. (2003). Change in hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Sciences, 164: 317.
Sharma, A.K. (2002). Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India, 407 p.
Shehata, M.M and EL-Khawas, S.A. (2003). Effect of two biofertilizers on growth parameters, yield characters, nitrogenous components, nucleic acids content, minerals, oil content, protein profiles and DNA banding pattern of sunflower yield. Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences, 6(14): 1257-1268.
Taheri Oshtrinani, F., and Fathi, A. (2016). The impacts of mycorrhiza and phosphorus along with the use of salicylic acid on maize seed yield. Journal of Crop Eco physiology. 10(39): 657-668.
Vessey, J.K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant and Soil, 255: 571-586.
Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M.A. Pirdashti, H. and Esmaili, M.A. (2009). Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn.
International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 18: 20-25.
Zeidali, E., Naseri, R., Mirzaei, A., Fathi, A., and Darabi, F. (2018). Study the effect of plant nourishment with chemical, PGPR and manure fertilizers on agro-physiologic characteristics and weed density of maize. Journal of Plant Eco physiology, 10(32): 198-214.