تأثیر محلول پاشی محرک رشد آلی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و درصد روغن گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) تحت سطوح تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : تنش
علی راشدی
1
(گروه زراعت ،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
علیرضا سیروس مهر
2
(گروه زراعت،دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه زابل،زابل،ایران)
محسن موسوی نیک
3
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
احمد قنبری
4
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
کلید واژه: پرولین, کاتالاز, عملکرد دانه, تنظیم کننده رشد, تعداد طبق در بوته,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکی از مهمترین عوامل کاهش عملکرد گیاهان می باشد و شناخت راههای مقابله با تنش خشکی اهمیت زیادی دارد. این آزمایش به منظور مطالعه تأثیر محلول پاشی محرک رشد آلی روی برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و درصد روغن رقم گلدشت گلرنگ تحت سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی به صورت کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شماره 1 دانشگاه زابل واقع در بخش جزینک (سد سیستان) زابل با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی تنش خشکی در 3 سطح شامل: آبیاری کامل، آبیاری تا مرحله گلدهی ساقه اصلی و آبیاری تا مرحله گلدهی کامل و عامل فرعی تنظیم کننده رشد هامون گرین در چهار سطح شامل: شاهد، 8 و 10 و 12 لیتر در هکتار بود. ویژگی‌های اندازه‌گیری شده شامل: ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، تعداد طبق در بوته، وزن هزاردانه، وزن گلبرگ، قطر ساقه، درصد پروتئین دانه، عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن دانه، میزان پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز و پراکسیداز بود. نتایج بر همکنش سطوح محرک رشد و تنش خشکی فقط بر صفات ارتفاع بوته ، قطر ساقه، درصد روغن، میزان پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز معنی دار گردید. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته(64 سانتی متر) و درصد روغن(7/32 درصد) از تیمار بدون تنش و محلول پاشی 12 لیتر محرک رشد، بیشترین مقدار پرولین از تیمار محلول پاشی 12 لیتر محرک رشد و مرحله گلدهی ساقه اصلی با میانگین 38/0 درصد و بیشترین عملکرد دانه 08/1127 (کیلوگرم در هکتار) از سطح محلول پاشی 12 لیتر محرک رشد به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی می توان گفت محلول‌پاشی محرک رشد باعث تعدیل اثرات منفی تنش خشکی در برخی صفات گیاه گلرنگ شد و به میزان 6/36 درصد باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه شده است. همچنین آبیاری تا مرحله گلدهی ساقه اصلی می تواند عملکرد دانه مشابه ابیاری کامل تولید نماید و تیمار مناسب به نظر می رسد.
Drought is one of the most important factors in reducing plant yield, and understand the ways to deal with drought stress is very important. This experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of organic growth stimulants (Hamoon Green ®) on some physiological traits, yield, and oil content of Goldasht safflower cultivar under different levels of drought stress in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design in the Research Farm No.1 of Zabol University located in Jazinak, Sistan Dam, in Zabol with three replications. The main factor of drought stress at 3 levels included full irrigation, irrigation up to the main stem flowering stage, and irrigation up to full flowering stage. The secondary factor was plant growth regulator at four levels including control, 8, 10, and 12 liters per hectare. Measured characteristics included plant height, number of leaves, number of heads per plant, 1000-seed weight, petal weight, stem diameter, seed protein percentage, grain yield, seed oil percentage, proline, catalase and peroxidase. The interaction of growth stimulant levels and drought stress was significant only on plant height, stem diameter, oil percentage, and proline concentration. The maximum plant height (64 cm) and percentage of oil (32.7%) were obtained from non-stress and foliar application of 12 liters of growth stimulant; the highest proline concentration was recorded under foliar application of 12 liters growth regulator the flowering stage of the main stem (0.38%); the maximum stem grain yield (1127.08 kg ha-1) was recorded with the plants sprayed with 12 liters of growth stimulant. In general, foliar application of growth stimulants moderated the negative effects of drought stress on some traits of safflower plant and improved grain yield by 36.6%. Also, irrigation up to the flowering stage of the main stem can lead to the yield similar to full irrigation.
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Cakmak, I. and Horst, W. (1991). Effect of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities in root tip of soybean. Plant Physiology, 83: 463-468
Chaves, M. M. and Oliveira, M. M. (2004). Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: Prospects for water -saving agriculture. Experimental Botany, 55: 2365 -2384.
Dadnia, M.R. (2012). The effect of water deficiency and selenium foliar application on the activities of some antioxidant enzymes in oil sunflower cultivars. Crop Physiology Journal, 4 (14): 81-71.
Davody, A., Mirshekary, B., Shirany Rad. A. and Rashidi, V. (2016). Investigate the effect of selenium application on quantity and quality of oil yield in canola cultivars under delayed planting conditions. Crop Physiology Journal. 8(31):129-143.
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Farouk, S., Mosa, A.A., Taha, A.A., Ibrahim Heba, M. and EL-Gahmery, A.M. (2011). Protective effect of humic acid and chitosan on radish. plants subjected to cadmium stress. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 7(2):99-116.
Forooghi, L. and Ebadi, A. (2012). Effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer application on yield, yield components, and some physiological traits of spring safflower. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 5 (2), 37-56.
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Gholami, H., Sajjadi, A.N., Gomarian, M. and Sobhani, R.M. (2011). Reaction of agronomic traits to trace elements and selenium under water deficit stress in canola. Sixth National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan. School of Agriculture.
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_||_Abdalla, M.M. (2011). Beneficial effects of diatomite on the growth, the biochemical contents and polymorphic DNA in Lupinus albus plants grown under water stress. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North American, 2: 207-220.
Arora, A., Byrem, T.M., Nair, M.G. and Strasburg, G.M. (2000). Modulation of liposomal memberane fluidity by flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 373: 102-109.
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M. R. (2007). Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 206 –216.
Ashrafi, E. and Razmju, J. (2014). Effect of seed hydropriming and irrigation regimes on grain, biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. Journals of Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi, 2: 61 – 68
Brito, C., Dinis, L., Ferreira, H., Coutinho, J., Moutinho-Pereira, J. and Correia, C.M. (2019). Salicylic acid increases drought adaptability of young olive trees by changes on redox status and ionome. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 141: 315-324.
Cakmak, I. and Horst, W. (1991). Effect of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities in root tip of soybean. Plant Physiology, 83: 463-468
Chaves, M. M. and Oliveira, M. M. (2004). Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: Prospects for water -saving agriculture. Experimental Botany, 55: 2365 -2384.
Dadnia, M.R. (2012). The effect of water deficiency and selenium foliar application on the activities of some antioxidant enzymes in oil sunflower cultivars. Crop Physiology Journal, 4 (14): 81-71.
Davody, A., Mirshekary, B., Shirany Rad. A. and Rashidi, V. (2016). Investigate the effect of selenium application on quantity and quality of oil yield in canola cultivars under delayed planting conditions. Crop Physiology Journal. 8(31):129-143.
Esmaeilian, Y., Sirousmehr, A.R., Asgharipour, M.R. and Amiri, E. (2012). Comparison of sole and combined nutrient application on yield and biochemical composition of sunflower under water stress. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2 (3): 214-216.
Estaji, A. and Niknam, F. (2020). Foliar salicylic acid spraying effect’ on growth, seed oil content, and physiology of drought-stressed Silybum marianum L. plant. Agricultural Water Management, 234.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Lee, D.J., Cheema, S.A. and Aziz, T. (2010). Comparative time course action of the foliar applied glycinebetaine, salicylic acid, nitrous oxide, brassinosteroids and spermine in improving drought resistance of rice. Journal of Agriculture Crop Scince, 196: 336-345.
Farouk, S., Mosa, A.A., Taha, A.A., Ibrahim Heba, M. and EL-Gahmery, A.M. (2011). Protective effect of humic acid and chitosan on radish. plants subjected to cadmium stress. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 7(2):99-116.
Forooghi, L. and Ebadi, A. (2012). Effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer application on yield, yield components, and some physiological traits of spring safflower. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 5 (2), 37-56.
Galle, A., Florez-Sarasal, I., Thameur, A., Paepe, R.D., Flexas, J. and Ribas-Carb, M. (2010). Effects of drought stress and subsequent rewatering on photosynthetic and respiratory pathways in Nicotiana sylvestris wild type and the mitochondrial complex I-deficient CMSII mutant. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61: 765-775.
Gholami, H., Sajjadi, A.N., Gomarian, M. and Sobhani, R.M. (2011). Reaction of agronomic traits to trace elements and selenium under water deficit stress in canola. Sixth National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan. School of Agriculture.
Hassanzadeh, A. and Gholinezhad, A. (2014). Sustainable Agriculture, University Jihad, 244 pages.
Hayashi, H. and Hanada, K. (1985). Effects of soil water deficit on seed yield and yield components of safflower. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 54: 346-352.
Hefny, M.M. (2011). Agronomical and biochemical responses of white lupin Lupinus albus L. genotypes to contrasting water regimes and inoculation treatments. Journal of American Science, 7(3):187-198.
Hussain, M., Malik, M.A., Farooq, M., Ashraf, M.Y. and Cheema, M.A. (2008). Improving drought tolerance by exogenous application of glycinebetaine and salicylic acid in sunflower. Journal of Agriculture Crop Science, 194: 193-199.
Ju-hong, Y., Mian-hao, H. and Zao-hong, Z. (2013). Selenium Alleviates Coleus from Oxidative Damage under Pb Stress by Resource Allocation and Antioxidant Defense System. (2013). Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 6(9):1606-1613.
Kafi, m. and Rostami M. (2007). Effect of Drought Stress on Yield, Yield Components and Oil Percentage of Safflower Cultivars under Saline Irrigation Conditions, Iranian Journal of Crop Research, 5(1): 131-1
Khajehpour, M.R. (2007). Industrial Plants, Isfahan University Jihad Publications, Third Edition, 564 p.
Khan, M.H., Singha, K.L.B. and Panda, S.K. (2002). Changes in antioxidant levels in Oryza sativa L. roots subjected to NaCl salinity stress, Journal of Acta Physiology Plantarum, 24:145–14.
Khoyerdi, F.F., Shamshiri, M.H. and Estagi, A. (2016). Changes in some physiological and osmotic parameters of several pistachio genotypes under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 198: 44-51
Manveliana, J., Weisany, W., Abdul-razzakTahir, N., Jabbari, H. and Diyanat, M. (2021). Physiological and biochemical response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars to zinc application under drought stress, Industrial Crops and Products, 172.
Mezzomo, N., Mileo, B., Friedrich, M. T., Martínez, J. and Ferreira, S. R. (2010). Supercritical fluid extraction of peach (Prunuspersica) almond oil: Process yield and extract composition. Bioresource Technology, 101: 5622–5632.
Mohammadi, M., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Chaichi, M.R. and Safikhani, S. (2018). Seed oil accumulation and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) affected by water supply and harvest time. Agronomy Journal, 110: 586-593.
Mohsenniya, A. And Jalilian, J. (2012). Effect of drought stress and fertilizer sources on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agricultural Ecology, 4 (3): 245-235.
Motakafi, M., Ghanbari, A., Mousavinik, M. and Sirusmehr, A. (2020). Effect of organic growth stimulator on yield, yield components, oil percentage and some physiological indices of rapeseed under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement, 21 (4): 335-348.
Movahedi Dehnavi, M. and Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. (2006). The effect of foliar application of trace elements zinc and manganese on yield and yield components of three autumn safflower cultivars under drought stress in Isfahan region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 13 (2):10-1.
Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Modarres-Sanavy, A.M. and Mokhtassi Bidgoli, A. (2009). Foliar application of zinc and manganese improves seed yield and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) grown under water deficit stress. Industrial Crops and Products, (30): 82-92.
Naderi Darbagshahi, M.R., Noor Mohammadi, Q., Majidi, A., Darvish, F., Shirani Rad, A.H. and civil, h. (2004). Eco-physiological aspects of summer safflower cultivation under different drought stress intensities in Isfahan region. Seedlings and Seeds, 20 (3): 296-281.
Nayyar, H. (2003). Accumulation of osmolytes and osmotic adjustment in water-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) as affected by calcium and its antagonists. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 50 (3): 253-264.
Nowak, J., Kaklewski, K. and Ligocki, M. (2004). Influence of selenium on oxidative enzymes activity in soil and in plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, (36): 1553-1558.
Pandolfini, T., Gabbrielli, R. and Comparini, C. (1992). Nickel toxicity and peroxidase activity in seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. Plant Cell and Environment. 15: 719-725.
Rashidi, S. (2022). Study of the effect of salicylic acid and selenium treatments on physiological characteristics Under drought stress (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and safflower crop. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology, 16(64): 127-140.
Ravi, S., Channal, H.T., Hebsur, N.S., Patil, B.N. and Dharmatti, P.R. (2008). Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Karnataka Journal Agriculture Science, (32): 382-385.
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