اثر هیومیک اسید بر رشد، عملکرد و برخی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش شوری
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
رضا شریفی اصل
1
(گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران)
مهناز جاسمی منش
2
(گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران)
محمد میرزایی حیدری
3
(گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران)
کلید واژه: کلرید سدیم, کاتالاز, کلروفیل, پراکسیداز, فولیک اسید,
چکیده مقاله :
تنش شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی است که سبب کاهش رشد و عملکرد گیاهان در سراسر دنیا می‌شود. در این آزمایش اثر اسید هیومیک بر رشد و برخی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی گیاه گندم تحت تنش شوری در یک آزمایش گلدانی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سطوح شوری و اسید هیومیک به‌عنوان فاکتورهای اصلی در سال 1395-1396 در دانشگاه ایلام انجام گرفت. تیمارها شامل چهار سطح تنش شوری شامل بدون تنش شوری (آبیاری با آب مقطر) و 4، 8 و 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر NaCl و چهار غلظت اسید هیومیک شامل صفر (به‌عنوان شاهد)، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که اسید هیومیک تأثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گندم تحت تنش شوری داشت. تنش شوری تأثیر منفی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه گذاشت. در شرایط تنش شوری، پارامترهای رشد و اجزای عملکرد، محتوای کلروفیل و رطوبت نسبی کاهش ولی فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان کاتالاز، پر اکسیداز و همچنین نشت یونی افزایش یافت. کاربرد اسید هیومیک سبب افزایش معنی‌دار پارامترهای رشد، عملکرد، کلروفیل، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و کاهش معنی‌دار نشت یونی شد. با افزایش غلظت اسید هیومیک، اثربخشی آن افزایش یافت به‌طوری که بالاترین تأثیر در غلظت 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد هیومیک اسید با تأثیر بر فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاه تا حدی می‌تواند آثار شوری بر گندم را کاهش دهد.
Salinity is a major environmental stress, reducing growth and yield of a wide variety of crops all over the world. The present study assessed effects of humic acid and salinity stress on the growth and some physiological responses of wheat in a pot experiment. The layout was 4×4 factorial experiment in RCBD design with salinity stress levels and humic acid concentrations as main factors in Ilam University during 2016. Treatments were the combination of four levels of salinity stress including stress-free conditions (irrigation by distilled water), and 4, 8, and 12 dS/m NaCl and four concentrations of humic acid including 0 (as a control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/l. The statistical analysis showed that salinity stress and humic acid application had significance effects on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of the wheat plants. Salinity stress imposed negative effects on plant growth and productivity. Under salinity conditions, growth parameters and yield attribute, relative water content, and chlorophyll reduced, but electrolyte leakage and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Application of humic acid significantly increased plant growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity, and decreased electrolyte leakage content. The highest salinity tolerance was obtained with 150 mg/l humic acid application. In general, results showed that the application of humic acid through affecting physiological parameters decreased adverse effects of salinity stress on the wheat plants.
Abdel Latef, A. (2010). Changes of antioxidative enzymes in salinity tolerance among different wheat cultivars. Cereal Research Communications. 38(1): 43-55.
Akbari, E., Izadi-Darbandi, A., Borzouei, A. and Majdabadi, A. (2011). Evaluation of morphological changes in some wheat genotypes under salt stress. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 1 (4):71-83.
Ashraf, M. and Ali, Q. (2008). Relative membrane permeability and activities of some antioxidant enzymes as the key determinants of salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 63: 266–273.
Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2004). Potential biochemical indictors of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science. 166: 3–16.
Bacilio, M., Moreno, M. and Bashan, Y. (2016). Mitigation of negative effects of progressive soil salinity gradients by application of humic acids and inoculation with Pseudomonas stutzeri in a salt-tolerant and a salt-susceptible pepper. Applied Soil Ecology. 107: 394-404.
Balakumbahan, R. and Rajamani, K. (2010). Effect of biostimulants on growth and yield of Senna (Cassia angustifoliavar KKM.1). Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants. 2(1): 16-8.
Bronick, E.J. and Lai, R. (2005). Soil structure and management. A review. Geoderma. 124: 3-22.
Carillo, P., Annunziata, M.G., Pontecorvo, G., Fuggi, A. and Woodrow, P. (2011). Salinity stress and salt tolerance. In: Abiotic stress in plants-mechanisms and adaptations, Shanker, A.K., Venkateswarlu, B.B. Croatia.
Çulha, Ş. and Çakirlar, H. (2011). The effect of salinity on plants and salt tolerance mechanisms. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering. 11: 11-34.
Davodi Fard, M., Habibi, D. and Davodi Fard, D. (2012). Effects of salinity stress on membrane stability, chlorophyll content and yield components of wheat inoculated with plant growth promoting bacteria and humic acid. Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 23: 1-16.
Esringü, A., Kaynar, D., Turan, M. and Ercisli, S. (2016). Ameliorative effect of humic acid and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on hungarian vetch plants under salinity stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 47(5): 602-618.
Fan, H., Wang, X.W., Sun, X. and Li, Y. (2014). Effects of humic acid derived from sediments on growth, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in chrysanthemum. Scientia Horticulturae. 177: 118-123.
García, A.C., Olaetxea, M., Santos, L.A., Mora, V., Baigorri, R., Fuentes, M. and Garcia-Mina, J.M. (2016). Involvement of hormone-and ROS-signaling pathways in the beneficial action of uumic substances on plants growing under normal and stressing conditions. BioMed Research International. 37: 1-13.
Iqbal, N., Umar, S., Khan, N.A. and Khan, M.R. (2014). A new perspective of phyto-hormones in salinity tolerance: Regulation of proline metabolism. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 100: 34–42.
Jarošová, M., Klejdus, B., Kováčik, J., Babula, P. and Hedbavny, J. (2016). Humic acid protects barley against salinity. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 38(6): 1-9.
Michael, K. (2001). Oxidized lignites and extracts from oxidized lignites in agriculture. Soil Science. 11: 1-23.
Mohd, T., Osumanu, H.A. and Nik, M. (2009). Effect of mixing urea with humic acid and acid sulphate soil on ammonia loss, exchangeable ammonium and available nitrate. American Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5(5): 588-591.
Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34(11): 1527-1536.
Nia, S. H., Zarea, M.J., Rejali, F. and Varma, A. (2012). Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by salinity and inoculation with Azospirillum strains from saline or non-saline soil. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 11(2): 113-121.
Peleg, Z., Walia, H. and Blumwald, E. (2012). Integrating genomics and genetics to accelerate development of drought and salinity tolerant crops. Plant biotechnology and agriculture: Prospects for the 21st Century, Altman, A., Hasegawa, P.M. (eds). Academic Press, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Sabzevari, S., Khazaie, H. and Kafi, M. (2009). Effect of humic acid on root and shoot growth of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum. L). Journal of Water and Soil. 23(2): 87-94.
Sairam, R.K., Rao, K.V. and Srivastava, G. C. (2002). Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science. 163(5): 1037-1046.
Strain, H.H. and Svec, W.A. (1966). Extraction, separation and isolation of chlorophylls, In: Varnon LP, Seely GR (Eds.). Chlorophylls. Academic Press, New York.
Tan, K.H. and Nopamornbodi, V. (1979). Effect of different levels of humic acids on nutrient content andgrowth of corn. Journal of Plant and Soil. 51: 283-287.
_||_Abdel Latef, A. (2010). Changes of antioxidative enzymes in salinity tolerance among different wheat cultivars. Cereal Research Communications. 38(1): 43-55.
Akbari, E., Izadi-Darbandi, A., Borzouei, A. and Majdabadi, A. (2011). Evaluation of morphological changes in some wheat genotypes under salt stress. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 1 (4):71-83.
Ashraf, M. and Ali, Q. (2008). Relative membrane permeability and activities of some antioxidant enzymes as the key determinants of salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 63: 266–273.
Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2004). Potential biochemical indictors of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science. 166: 3–16.
Bacilio, M., Moreno, M. and Bashan, Y. (2016). Mitigation of negative effects of progressive soil salinity gradients by application of humic acids and inoculation with Pseudomonas stutzeri in a salt-tolerant and a salt-susceptible pepper. Applied Soil Ecology. 107: 394-404.
Balakumbahan, R. and Rajamani, K. (2010). Effect of biostimulants on growth and yield of Senna (Cassia angustifoliavar KKM.1). Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants. 2(1): 16-8.
Bronick, E.J. and Lai, R. (2005). Soil structure and management. A review. Geoderma. 124: 3-22.
Carillo, P., Annunziata, M.G., Pontecorvo, G., Fuggi, A. and Woodrow, P. (2011). Salinity stress and salt tolerance. In: Abiotic stress in plants-mechanisms and adaptations, Shanker, A.K., Venkateswarlu, B.B. Croatia.
Çulha, Ş. and Çakirlar, H. (2011). The effect of salinity on plants and salt tolerance mechanisms. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering. 11: 11-34.
Davodi Fard, M., Habibi, D. and Davodi Fard, D. (2012). Effects of salinity stress on membrane stability, chlorophyll content and yield components of wheat inoculated with plant growth promoting bacteria and humic acid. Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 23: 1-16.
Esringü, A., Kaynar, D., Turan, M. and Ercisli, S. (2016). Ameliorative effect of humic acid and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on hungarian vetch plants under salinity stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 47(5): 602-618.
Fan, H., Wang, X.W., Sun, X. and Li, Y. (2014). Effects of humic acid derived from sediments on growth, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in chrysanthemum. Scientia Horticulturae. 177: 118-123.
García, A.C., Olaetxea, M., Santos, L.A., Mora, V., Baigorri, R., Fuentes, M. and Garcia-Mina, J.M. (2016). Involvement of hormone-and ROS-signaling pathways in the beneficial action of uumic substances on plants growing under normal and stressing conditions. BioMed Research International. 37: 1-13.
Iqbal, N., Umar, S., Khan, N.A. and Khan, M.R. (2014). A new perspective of phyto-hormones in salinity tolerance: Regulation of proline metabolism. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 100: 34–42.
Jarošová, M., Klejdus, B., Kováčik, J., Babula, P. and Hedbavny, J. (2016). Humic acid protects barley against salinity. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 38(6): 1-9.
Michael, K. (2001). Oxidized lignites and extracts from oxidized lignites in agriculture. Soil Science. 11: 1-23.
Mohd, T., Osumanu, H.A. and Nik, M. (2009). Effect of mixing urea with humic acid and acid sulphate soil on ammonia loss, exchangeable ammonium and available nitrate. American Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5(5): 588-591.
Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34(11): 1527-1536.
Nia, S. H., Zarea, M.J., Rejali, F. and Varma, A. (2012). Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by salinity and inoculation with Azospirillum strains from saline or non-saline soil. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 11(2): 113-121.
Peleg, Z., Walia, H. and Blumwald, E. (2012). Integrating genomics and genetics to accelerate development of drought and salinity tolerant crops. Plant biotechnology and agriculture: Prospects for the 21st Century, Altman, A., Hasegawa, P.M. (eds). Academic Press, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Sabzevari, S., Khazaie, H. and Kafi, M. (2009). Effect of humic acid on root and shoot growth of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum. L). Journal of Water and Soil. 23(2): 87-94.
Sairam, R.K., Rao, K.V. and Srivastava, G. C. (2002). Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science. 163(5): 1037-1046.
Strain, H.H. and Svec, W.A. (1966). Extraction, separation and isolation of chlorophylls, In: Varnon LP, Seely GR (Eds.). Chlorophylls. Academic Press, New York.
Tan, K.H. and Nopamornbodi, V. (1979). Effect of different levels of humic acids on nutrient content andgrowth of corn. Journal of Plant and Soil. 51: 283-287.