تاثیر تنش خشکی و محلول پاشی اسید جیبرلیک و اسید سالیسیلیک بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی کلزا (Brassica napus L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکناصر عزتی 1 , عباس ملکی 2 , امین فتحی 3
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران
3 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد آیت‌الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, عملکرد دانه, کلزا, اسید چرب اشباع, محلول پاشی جیبرلیک,
چکیده مقاله :
آزمایشی طی یک سال زراعی به صورت طرح کرت های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1396 در شهرستان دره شهر از توابع استان ایلام انجام شد. فاکتور‌های آزمایشی عبارتنداز آبیاری در چهار سطح شامل: آبیاری عادی یا شاهد، قطع آبیاری در مرحله ساقه رفتن، قطع آبیاری در آغاز گلدهی، قطع آبیاری در آغاز غلاف دهی به عنوان بلوک های اصلی و فاکتور فرعی شامل عدم مصرف و مصرف100 پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلیک اسید و فاکتور فرعی فرعی شامل عدم مصرف و مصرف 150 پی پی ام اسید سالیسیلیک بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر هورمون جیبرلیک اسید نشان داد در تیمار مصرف هورمون بیشترین اسید چرب اشباع و در تیمار عدم مصرف هورمون جیبرلیک اسید کمترین اسید چرب اشباع بدست آمد. همچنین با به تاخیر افتادن اعمال تنش خشکی درصد روغن نیز به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت. تاثیر تنش خشکی بر اسید چرب اشباع معنی دار بود ولی اسید چرب غیراشباع تحت تاثیر تنش خشکی قرار نگرفت. مصرف اسیدهای جیبرلیک و سالیسلیک موجب افزایش معنی دار درصد روعن و اسیدهای چرب اشباع گردید. مقایسه میانگین تیمار قطع آبیاری نشان داد بیشترین تاثیر بر عملکرد بیولوژیک در شاهد و مصرف هورمون جیبرلیک اسید و اسید سالیسیلیک بود، اما کمترین در تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله آغاز غلاف دهی و عدم محلول پاشی هردو(جیبرلیک اسید و اسید سالیسیلیک) مشاهده شد. همچنین کابرد توام هر دو هورمون درصد روغن را بصورت معنی داری افزایش داد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت، که اعمال محلول پاشی هورمون های جیبرلیک اسید و اسید سالیسیلیک در کشت کلزا تحت تاثیر تنش آبی، تاثیر معنی داری بر عملکرد کلزا داشته و در صورت مصرف هورمون های مذکور در زمان صحیح اثر سوء تنش کاهش یافته و عملکرد روغن کلزا افزایش می یابد.
An experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during cultivation season 2017-2018 in Darreh-Shahr, Ilam Province. The experimental factors were four levels of irrigation as main plots including normal irrigation, cut of irrigation at stem elongation stage, cut of irrigation at the beginning stage of flowering, and cut of Irrigation at the beginning of the pod. Sub-factors included two levels of spraying and non-spraying of gibberellin hormone (100ppm) and salicylic acid (150 ppm), respectively. The comparison of mean effects of gibberellin showed that application of gibberellin resulted in highest saturated fatty acid while the plants receiving no gibberellin contained the lowest saturated fatty acid. The later drought stress occurred, the more significant was reduction in the oil percentage. The effect of drought stress on saturated fatty acid was significant but it had no significant impact on the unsaturated fatty acid. Both applications of gibberellin and salicylic acid increased the oil percentage and saturated fatty acid content. Results showed that normal irrigation with both uses of gibberellin hormone and salicylic acid produced the highest biological yield and the lowest dry matter was obtained in irrigation cutting at the beginning of podding stage without any spraying . The combined application of these two hormones increased seed oil content significantly. Finally, the findings indicated that the spraying of gibberellin and salicylic acid under drought stress significantly affected the yield in canola and when these hormones are applied at a suitable time they decrease the adverse effects of drought stress and increases oil yield.
Abbasi, A., Maleki, A., Babaei, F., Safari, H. and Rangin, A. (2019). The role of gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate on biochemical performance relate to drought tolerance of white bean under water stress. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 65(3):1-10.
Akbari, J. and Maleki A. (2018). The effect of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid foliar on vegetative properties and yield and yield components of Vigna unguiculata L. under drought stress. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 4 (2):159-180.
Ashraf, M., Karim, F. and Rasul, E. (2002). Interactive effects of gibberellic acid (GA) and salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 36(1): 49- 59.
Aslam, M., Zamir, M. S. I., Afzal, I., Yaseen, M., Mubeen, M., and Shoaib, A. (2013). Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 46(2):99-114.
Atri, M. (1996). Plants organogenesis and morphogenesis. Jahad Daneshghahi Urmia Press. (In Persian).
Cag, S., Cevahir-Oz, G., Sarsag, M. and Goren-Saglam, N. (2009). Effect of salicylic acid on pigment, protein content and peroxidase activity in excised sunflower cotyledons. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5):2297-2303.
Chaves, M.M., Maroco, J.P. and Pereira, J. S. (2003). Understanding plant responses to drought—from genes to the whole plant. Functional Plant Biology, 30(3):239-264.
Cheraghi, A. M., Sajedi, N. and Gomarian, M. (2015). Response of agronomic, physiological and quality characteristics of Rainfed chickpea to Salicylic Acid and Selenium. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 5(2): 31-42.
Dolatabadian, A., Sanavy, S.A.M.M. and Chashmi, N.A. (2008). The effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) under conditions of salt stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194(3): 206-213.
Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Barthakur, S., Baroowa, B., Bharadwaj, N., Alghamdi, S. S. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2016). Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 203(2):81-102.
Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Irfan, M. and Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: a review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 68(1): 14-25.
Hedden, P. and Proebsting, W.M. (1999). Genetic analysis of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiology, 119(2):365-370.
Hussain, M., Farooq, M. and Malik, M.A. (2008). Glycine betaine and salicylic acid application improves the plant water relations, water use efficiency and yield of sunflower under different planting methods. In Proceedings of 14th Australian Agronomy Conference, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Imami, T., Bazdar, S., Kazemi, A., Naseri, R., Moradi, M. and Mirzai, A. (2012). Evaluation of agronomic characteristics and seed oil of canola cultivars under drought stress. 12th Iranian Congress of Plant Breeding. Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. September .14-16.
Jaberi, H., Lotfi, B., Jamshidnia, T., Fathi, A., Olad, R. and Abdollahi, A. (2015). Survey of yield of winter canola cultivars under drought stress on the yield at four different phonological stages. Scientia, 12(3):144-148.
Karami Chame, S., Khalil-Tahmasbi, B., ShahMahmoodi, P., Abdollahi, A., Fathi, A., Seyed Mousavi, S.J. and Bahamin, S. (2016). Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and Pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Scientia, 14(2): 234-238.
Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B. and Smith, D.L. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160(5):485-492.
Khodary, S.E.A. (2004). Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt-stressed maize plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(1):5-8.
King, R.W., Evans, L.T., Mander, L.N., Moritz, T., Pharis, R.P. and Twitchin, B. (2003). Synthesis of gibberellin GA6 and its role in flowering of Lolium temulentum. Phytochemistry, 62(1):77-82.
Koocheki, A.R. and Khajeh Hosseini, M. (2008). Modern Agronomy. Jehad-e university of Mashhad press.
Kuchtova, P., Baranyk, P., Vasak, J. and Fabry, J.(1996). Yield forming factors of oliseed rape. Rosliny oleiste, T. 172.1, S. 223-234.
Kumar, P., Dube, S.D. and Chauhan, V.S. (1999). Effect of salicylic acid on growth, development and some biochemical aspects of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 4(4):327-330.
Kumar, S., Saxena, S.N., Mistry, J.G., Fougat, R. S., Solanki, R.K. and Sharma, R. (2015). Understanding Cuminum cyminum: An important seed spice crop of arid and semi-arid regions. Internation Journal Seed Spices, 5(2): 1-19.
Mazid, M. (2014). Application of spray and seed priming GA3 with P and S ameliorate seed protein content by augmenting photosynthetic attributes, enzymes activities and leg hemoglobin content of chickpea. International Journal of Basic and Applied Biology, 1(2):14-19.
Moghadam, H.R.T., Ghooshchi, F. and Zahedi, H. (2018). Effect of UV radiation and elevated CO2 on physiological attributes of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown under water stress| Efecto de la radiación UV y el CO2 elevado sobre caracteres fisiológicos de canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivada bajo estrés hídrico. UDO Agrícola, 12(2):353-368.
Mohammadkhani, N. and Heidari, R. (2007). Effects of water stress on respiration, photosynthetic pigments and water content in tow Maize cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 10)22):4022-4028.
Pouryousef Miandoab, M. and Esmaeilzadeh, F. (2017). The Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Stimulants and Priming on Yield and Grain Oil Content of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 40(4): 857-874. (In Persian).
Rezaeizad, A. (2007). Response of Some Sunflower Genotypes to Drought Stress Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices. Seed Plant, 23(1): 43-58.
Sahraei, E. Maleki, A., Pazoki, A. and Fathi, A. (2018). The effect of Salicylic and Ascorbic Acid on Eco physiological Characteristics and German Chamomile Essences in Deficit of Water. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 5(1): 117-142.
Scarth, R. and Tang, J. (2006). Modification of brassica oil using conventional and transgenic approaches. Crop Science. 46: 1225-1236.
Senaratna, T., Touchell, D.H., Bunn, E. and Dixon, K. (2000). Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 30(2): 161-157.
Shakirova, F.M., Sakhabutdinova, A.R., Bezrukova, M.V., Fatkhutdinova, R.A. and Fatkhutdinova, D.. (2003). Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science, 164(3):317-322.
Stebert, C. and Mc court, P. (2001). A role for Brassino steroids in germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 125(2):763-769.
Yazdanpanah, S., Baghizadeh, A. and Abbassi, F. (2011). The interaction between drought stress and salicylic and ascorbic acids on some biochemical characteristics of Satureja hortensis. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(4):798-807.
_||_Abbasi, A., Maleki, A., Babaei, F., Safari, H. and Rangin, A. (2019). The role of gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate on biochemical performance relate to drought tolerance of white bean under water stress. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 65(3):1-10.
Akbari, J. and Maleki A. (2018). The effect of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid foliar on vegetative properties and yield and yield components of Vigna unguiculata L. under drought stress. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 4 (2):159-180.
Ashraf, M., Karim, F. and Rasul, E. (2002). Interactive effects of gibberellic acid (GA) and salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 36(1): 49- 59.
Aslam, M., Zamir, M. S. I., Afzal, I., Yaseen, M., Mubeen, M., and Shoaib, A. (2013). Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 46(2):99-114.
Atri, M. (1996). Plants organogenesis and morphogenesis. Jahad Daneshghahi Urmia Press. (In Persian).
Cag, S., Cevahir-Oz, G., Sarsag, M. and Goren-Saglam, N. (2009). Effect of salicylic acid on pigment, protein content and peroxidase activity in excised sunflower cotyledons. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5):2297-2303.
Chaves, M.M., Maroco, J.P. and Pereira, J. S. (2003). Understanding plant responses to drought—from genes to the whole plant. Functional Plant Biology, 30(3):239-264.
Cheraghi, A. M., Sajedi, N. and Gomarian, M. (2015). Response of agronomic, physiological and quality characteristics of Rainfed chickpea to Salicylic Acid and Selenium. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 5(2): 31-42.
Dolatabadian, A., Sanavy, S.A.M.M. and Chashmi, N.A. (2008). The effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) under conditions of salt stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194(3): 206-213.
Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Barthakur, S., Baroowa, B., Bharadwaj, N., Alghamdi, S. S. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2016). Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and grain filling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 203(2):81-102.
Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Irfan, M. and Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: a review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 68(1): 14-25.
Hedden, P. and Proebsting, W.M. (1999). Genetic analysis of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiology, 119(2):365-370.
Hussain, M., Farooq, M. and Malik, M.A. (2008). Glycine betaine and salicylic acid application improves the plant water relations, water use efficiency and yield of sunflower under different planting methods. In Proceedings of 14th Australian Agronomy Conference, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Imami, T., Bazdar, S., Kazemi, A., Naseri, R., Moradi, M. and Mirzai, A. (2012). Evaluation of agronomic characteristics and seed oil of canola cultivars under drought stress. 12th Iranian Congress of Plant Breeding. Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. September .14-16.
Jaberi, H., Lotfi, B., Jamshidnia, T., Fathi, A., Olad, R. and Abdollahi, A. (2015). Survey of yield of winter canola cultivars under drought stress on the yield at four different phonological stages. Scientia, 12(3):144-148.
Karami Chame, S., Khalil-Tahmasbi, B., ShahMahmoodi, P., Abdollahi, A., Fathi, A., Seyed Mousavi, S.J. and Bahamin, S. (2016). Effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and Pseudomonas on the physiological characteristics and yield of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Scientia, 14(2): 234-238.
Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B. and Smith, D.L. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160(5):485-492.
Khodary, S.E.A. (2004). Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt-stressed maize plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(1):5-8.
King, R.W., Evans, L.T., Mander, L.N., Moritz, T., Pharis, R.P. and Twitchin, B. (2003). Synthesis of gibberellin GA6 and its role in flowering of Lolium temulentum. Phytochemistry, 62(1):77-82.
Koocheki, A.R. and Khajeh Hosseini, M. (2008). Modern Agronomy. Jehad-e university of Mashhad press.
Kuchtova, P., Baranyk, P., Vasak, J. and Fabry, J.(1996). Yield forming factors of oliseed rape. Rosliny oleiste, T. 172.1, S. 223-234.
Kumar, P., Dube, S.D. and Chauhan, V.S. (1999). Effect of salicylic acid on growth, development and some biochemical aspects of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 4(4):327-330.
Kumar, S., Saxena, S.N., Mistry, J.G., Fougat, R. S., Solanki, R.K. and Sharma, R. (2015). Understanding Cuminum cyminum: An important seed spice crop of arid and semi-arid regions. Internation Journal Seed Spices, 5(2): 1-19.
Mazid, M. (2014). Application of spray and seed priming GA3 with P and S ameliorate seed protein content by augmenting photosynthetic attributes, enzymes activities and leg hemoglobin content of chickpea. International Journal of Basic and Applied Biology, 1(2):14-19.
Moghadam, H.R.T., Ghooshchi, F. and Zahedi, H. (2018). Effect of UV radiation and elevated CO2 on physiological attributes of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown under water stress| Efecto de la radiación UV y el CO2 elevado sobre caracteres fisiológicos de canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivada bajo estrés hídrico. UDO Agrícola, 12(2):353-368.
Mohammadkhani, N. and Heidari, R. (2007). Effects of water stress on respiration, photosynthetic pigments and water content in tow Maize cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 10)22):4022-4028.
Pouryousef Miandoab, M. and Esmaeilzadeh, F. (2017). The Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Stimulants and Priming on Yield and Grain Oil Content of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 40(4): 857-874. (In Persian).
Rezaeizad, A. (2007). Response of Some Sunflower Genotypes to Drought Stress Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices. Seed Plant, 23(1): 43-58.
Sahraei, E. Maleki, A., Pazoki, A. and Fathi, A. (2018). The effect of Salicylic and Ascorbic Acid on Eco physiological Characteristics and German Chamomile Essences in Deficit of Water. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 5(1): 117-142.
Scarth, R. and Tang, J. (2006). Modification of brassica oil using conventional and transgenic approaches. Crop Science. 46: 1225-1236.
Senaratna, T., Touchell, D.H., Bunn, E. and Dixon, K. (2000). Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 30(2): 161-157.
Shakirova, F.M., Sakhabutdinova, A.R., Bezrukova, M.V., Fatkhutdinova, R.A. and Fatkhutdinova, D.. (2003). Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science, 164(3):317-322.
Stebert, C. and Mc court, P. (2001). A role for Brassino steroids in germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 125(2):763-769.
Yazdanpanah, S., Baghizadeh, A. and Abbassi, F. (2011). The interaction between drought stress and salicylic and ascorbic acids on some biochemical characteristics of Satureja hortensis. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(4):798-807.