تأثیر آلودگی‌های ناشی از صنایع پتروشیمی کرمانشاه بر برخی صفات رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی کاج الدار (Pinus eldarica Medw.) و سرو ناز (Cupressus sempervirens L.)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
علی رستمی
1
(گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران)
میخک عسگری
2
(گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران)
کلید واژه: روی, کروم, کرمانشاه, کاج الدار, آلاینده‌ها, سرو ناز, صنایع پتروشیمی,
چکیده مقاله :
جنگل‌های طبیعی و مصنوعی علاوه بر تولید چوب در جذب آلاینده‌های هوا و کاهش بار آلودگی نقش مهمی دارند. در این مطالعه نقش جنگل کاری‌های منطقه پل چهر استان کرمانشاه در کاهش آلودگی‌های ناشی از صنایع پتروشیمی منطقه بررسی گردید و اثر عناصر روی و کروم بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و رشدی نهال‌های کاج الدار و سرو ناز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. برای این منظور منطقه جنگل‌کاری شده در داخل پتروشیمی (منطقه آلوده) و یک منطقه جنگل‌کاری در اطراف پتروشیمی (منطقه شاهد) انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد غلظت این دو عنصر در اندام‌های رویشی ریشه و ساقه هر دو گونه بطور معنی‌داری در منطقه دارای آلودگی بیشتر از منطقه شاهد بود. همچنین در منطقه دارای آلودگی به دو عنصر، دو فاکتور طول ساقه و طول ریشه در نهال‌های کاج الدار به‌طور معنی‌داری نسبت به منطقه فاقد آلودگی کاهش نشان داد و برای گونه سرو ناز تنها طول ریشه در منطقه آلوده اختلاف معنی‌داری با مناطق شاهد داشت. نتایج برای گونه کاج الدار نشان داد که در منطقه دارای آلودگی، میزان سه فاکتور کلروفیل کل، پرولین و قند‌های محلول برگ دارای اختلاف معنی‌داری نسبت به منطقه فاقد آلودگی بود و برای گونه سرو ناز میزان این سه فاکتوراختلاف معنی‌داری نسبت به منطقه فاقد آلودگی نشان داد. به‌طور کلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت کاهش مقدار آلایندگی عناصر روی و کروم توسط درختان کاج الدار نسبت به سروناز بیشتر بود.
Natural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effect of zinc and chromium on physiological characteristics and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus Sempervirens L. The plantation area in Petrochemicals factory (infected site) and a plantation area around Petrochemicals (control site) were designated for the study. Results showed that the concentration of the two elements in roots and stems of both species in the infected site were significantly higher than the control site. Also in the area infested with the two elements, the shoot and root lengths of Pinus eldarica Medw. species decreased significantly compared to the control area while in Cupressus sempervirens L. only root length in the contaminated area was significantly difference from the control areas. Moreover, results showed that in the infected area, total chlorophyll, and proline and sugar contents in the leaves of the Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L. species were significantly different compared to the disinfected area. In general, reduction in the pollution with zinc and chromium was more in Pinus eldarica Medw. than in Cupressus sempervirens
Askary M., Noori, M., Biegi, F., and Amini, F. (2012). Evaluation of the phytoremediation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in petroleum- contaminated soils with emphasis on the some heavy metals. Journal of Cell and Tissue (JCT). 2(4): 437-442.
Bacon, J.R. and Dinev, N.S. (2005). Isotopic characterization of lead in contaminated soils rom the vicinity of a non-ferrous metal smelter near Plovdiv. Bulgaria. Environment Pollution. 134:247–255.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare. I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1):205-207.
Broadley, M.R., White, P.J., Hammond, J.P., Zelko, I. and Lux, A. (2007). Zinc in plants. New Phytology. 173: 677–702.
Cakmak, I. (2000). Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Phytology. 146: 185–205.
Chris DC. (2006). Implementing phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. methods in biotechnology. In: Willey N, Editor. Phytoremediation: Methods and Reviews. London, UK: Springer. 99-100.
Connell, S.L. and Al-Hamdani, S.H. (2001). Selected physiological responses of kudzu to different chromium concentrations. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 81:33-58.
Fergusson, J.E., and Kim, N.D., (1991). Trace elements in stress and house dust: sources and speciation. Science of the Total Environment 100: 125-150.
Kochert, G. (1978). Carbohydrate determination by the phenolsulfuric acid method. In: Hellebust, J.A., Craigie, J.S., (eds). Handbook of Phycological Methods-Physiological and Biochemical Methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 95–97.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.Plant Cell Membranes. 148:350-382.
Maddah, S.M., Moraghebi, F., Kashani, Q., Farhangiyan, S. and Afdideh, F. (2015). Physical, physiological responses and resistance of acacia tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) under the influence of air pollution in Tehran. Environmental Plant Physiology Journal. 38: 56-48.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London.
Odjegba, J.V. and fasidi, I.O. (2004). Accumulation of trace elements by Pistia steatites: Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology. 13(7): 637-46
Olumi, H., Rezanejad, F. and Keramat, B. (2016). Comparative study of biochemical parameters of Pinusnigra and P. elderica cultivated in the area around Sarcheshmeh copper complex and Kantuyeh. Environmental Plant Physiology Journal. 10(40): 1-12.
Pourkhabbaz, A.R., Rastin, N., Olbrich, A., Heyser, R.L. and Andrea, P. (2010). Influence of environmental pollution on leaf Properties of Urban Plane Trees, Platanus orientalis L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 86: 251-255.
Schat, H. and Vooijs, R. (1997). Multiple tolerance and co-tolerance to heavy metals in Silene vulgaris: a co-segregation analysis. New Phytologist. 136: 489–496.
Shabanian N. and Cheraghi, CH. (2013). Comparison of phytoremediation of heavy metals by woody species used in urban forestry of Sanandaj city. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 1(51):154 - 165.
Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Herminia, L. and Tavera, S.A. (2005). Chromium toxicity in plants. Environment International. 31: 739-753.
Vassilev, A. and Yordanov, I. (1997). Reductive analysis of factors limiting growth of cadmium treated plants: a review. Bulgarian Jornal of Plant Physiology. 23: 114- 113.
Zhou, M.P. and Oteiza, P.I. (2001). The antioxidant properties of zinc: interactions with iron and antioxidants. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 31: 266–274.
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Askary M., Noori, M., Biegi, F., and Amini, F. (2012). Evaluation of the phytoremediation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in petroleum- contaminated soils with emphasis on the some heavy metals. Journal of Cell and Tissue (JCT). 2(4): 437-442.
Bacon, J.R. and Dinev, N.S. (2005). Isotopic characterization of lead in contaminated soils rom the vicinity of a non-ferrous metal smelter near Plovdiv. Bulgaria. Environment Pollution. 134:247–255.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare. I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1):205-207.
Broadley, M.R., White, P.J., Hammond, J.P., Zelko, I. and Lux, A. (2007). Zinc in plants. New Phytology. 173: 677–702.
Cakmak, I. (2000). Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Phytology. 146: 185–205.
Chris DC. (2006). Implementing phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. methods in biotechnology. In: Willey N, Editor. Phytoremediation: Methods and Reviews. London, UK: Springer. 99-100.
Connell, S.L. and Al-Hamdani, S.H. (2001). Selected physiological responses of kudzu to different chromium concentrations. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 81:33-58.
Fergusson, J.E., and Kim, N.D., (1991). Trace elements in stress and house dust: sources and speciation. Science of the Total Environment 100: 125-150.
Kochert, G. (1978). Carbohydrate determination by the phenolsulfuric acid method. In: Hellebust, J.A., Craigie, J.S., (eds). Handbook of Phycological Methods-Physiological and Biochemical Methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 95–97.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.Plant Cell Membranes. 148:350-382.
Maddah, S.M., Moraghebi, F., Kashani, Q., Farhangiyan, S. and Afdideh, F. (2015). Physical, physiological responses and resistance of acacia tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) under the influence of air pollution in Tehran. Environmental Plant Physiology Journal. 38: 56-48.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London.
Odjegba, J.V. and fasidi, I.O. (2004). Accumulation of trace elements by Pistia steatites: Implications for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology. 13(7): 637-46
Olumi, H., Rezanejad, F. and Keramat, B. (2016). Comparative study of biochemical parameters of Pinusnigra and P. elderica cultivated in the area around Sarcheshmeh copper complex and Kantuyeh. Environmental Plant Physiology Journal. 10(40): 1-12.
Pourkhabbaz, A.R., Rastin, N., Olbrich, A., Heyser, R.L. and Andrea, P. (2010). Influence of environmental pollution on leaf Properties of Urban Plane Trees, Platanus orientalis L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 86: 251-255.
Schat, H. and Vooijs, R. (1997). Multiple tolerance and co-tolerance to heavy metals in Silene vulgaris: a co-segregation analysis. New Phytologist. 136: 489–496.
Shabanian N. and Cheraghi, CH. (2013). Comparison of phytoremediation of heavy metals by woody species used in urban forestry of Sanandaj city. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 1(51):154 - 165.
Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Herminia, L. and Tavera, S.A. (2005). Chromium toxicity in plants. Environment International. 31: 739-753.
Vassilev, A. and Yordanov, I. (1997). Reductive analysis of factors limiting growth of cadmium treated plants: a review. Bulgarian Jornal of Plant Physiology. 23: 114- 113.
Zhou, M.P. and Oteiza, P.I. (2001). The antioxidant properties of zinc: interactions with iron and antioxidants. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 31: 266–274.