اثر روش‌های مختلف استخراج بر خصوصیات آنتی‌اکسیدانی اندام‌های مختلف گیاه بادام وحشی ( .Amygdalus scoparia L)
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
نیر محمدخانی
1
(عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه ارومیه)
زهرا نورعلی زاده
2
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد)
کلید واژه: گیاهان دارویی, همبستگی, فلاونوئید, فنول, هیدروالکلی,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاهان دارویی یکی از منابع مهم آنتی اکسیدان‌ها می‌باشند. باتوجه به سمی بودن و اثرات نامطلوب آنتی اکسیدان‌های سنتزی موجود در موادغذایی، نیاز به آنتی اکسیدان‌های طبیعی از گیاهان با سمیت کمتر و اثر بخشی بیشتر یک ضرورت جدی است. در این تحقیق گیاه بادام وحشی از استان ایلام جمع آوری و خشک شدند و استخراج عصاره به روش حلال (آبی، هیدروالکلی و اتانولی)، کلونجر و سوکسله انجام شد. در این مطالعه هدف مقایسه خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اندام‌های مختلف گیاه بادام وحشی و بررسی اثر روش‌های مختلف استخراج بر محتوای فنولی، محتوای فلاونوئیدی کل، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی کل و ارزیابی فعالیت ضد رادیکالی با انجام آزمون DPPH بود. نتایج آزمایش حاضر نشان داد که در میوه‌ی کامل، مغز و پوسته سبزبادام استخراج با روش هیدروالکلی بیشترین خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی را داشت. همچنین بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده برای برگ بادام روش آبی بیشترین خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی را دارا بود. در برگ و میوه بادام محتوای فنول کل با خاصیت فلاونوئیدی و خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری را نشان داد، همینطور بین خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کل و درصد بازدارندگی DPPH همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد.
Natural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effect of zinc and chromium on physiological characteristics and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus Sempervirens L. The plantation area in Petrochemicals factory (infected site) and a plantation area around Petrochemicals (control site) were designated for the study. Results showed that the concentration of the two elements in roots and stems of both species in the infected site were significantly higher than the control site. Also in the area infested with the two elements, the shoot and root lengths of Pinus eldarica Medw. species decreased significantly compared to the control area while in Cupressus sempervirens L. only root length in the contaminated area was significantly difference from the control areas. Moreover, results showed that in the infected area, total chlorophyll, and proline and sugar contents in the leaves of the Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L. species were significantly different compared to the disinfected area. In general, reduction in the pollution with zinc and chromium was more in Pinus eldarica Medw. than in Cupressus sempervirens
Afrazeh, Z., Bolandi, M., Khorshidi, M. and Mohammadi Nafchi, A. (2015). Antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts (methanol, ethanol) of saffron petals. Journal of Agriculture and Technology Saffron. 2(3): 231-236.
Bonvehi, J.S., Torrento, M.S. and Lorente, E.C. (2001). Evaluation of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds in honeybee-collected pollen produced in Spain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49(4): 1848-1853.
Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1199-1200.
Candan, F., Unlu, M., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A.H. and Akpulat, A. (2003). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. Millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae) Ethnophama. 87: 215-220.
Horwitz, W. (1984). Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, pp: 1-771.
Jahanban Esfahlan, A., Jamei, R. and Jahanban Esfahlan, R. (2010). The importance of almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) and its by-products. Food Chemistry. 120: 349-360.
João, C.M., Barreira., Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira, M., Beatriz, P.P., Oliveira, J. and Alberto, P. (2008). Antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of ten Portuguese regional and commercial almond cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46: 2230–2235.
Kamali, M., Khosroyar, S. and Jalilvand, M. (2015). Evaluation of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of different extracts of the aerial parts of medicinal plant Dracocephalum kotschyi. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. 6(3): 627-634.
Mirzapour, M., Sentandreu, M.A., Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A. and Rezaei, K. (2016). In vitro antioxidant activities of hydrolysates obtained from Iranian wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia) protein by several enzymes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51: 609–616.
Khatamsaz, M. (1993). Flora of Iran. Rosaceae Family: 314-319.
Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K.H. and Elmadfa, I. (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chemistry. 98: 381-387.
Lincoln, D.E., Murray, M.J. and Lawrence, B.M. (1986). Chemical composition and genetic basis for the isopinocamphone chemotype of Mentha citrate hybrids. Phytochemistry. 25(8): 1857.
Lopez-Ortiz, C.M., Prats-Moya, S., Sanahuja, A.B., Mestre-Perez, S.E., Grane- Teruel, N. and Martin Carratala, M.L. (2008). Comparative study of tocopherol homologue content in four almond oil cultivars during two consecutive years. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 21: 144-151.
Maghsoudloo, M., Valizadeh, J., Ebrahimian Chavoshloo, S., Mohammadi Bolban Abad, M. and Rahneshan, N. (2015). Evaluation of secondary metabolites and plant yield of Alyssum maritimum and Achillea wilhelmsii in Sistan and Baluchestan. Journal of Medicinal Plants.2(3): 1-9.
Majhenic, L., Skerget, M. andKenz, Z. (2007).Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of guarana seed extracts. Food Chemistry. 104: 1258-1268.
Mazandarani, M., Ghasemali, M. and Ghafouriyan, M. (2016). Evaluation of ecological needs, the floristic, phytochemical and antioxidant ranges of Nepeta cataria L. extract in the provinces of Golestan and Mazandaran. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 3(4): 40-57.
Ollanketo, M., Peltoketo, A., Hartonen, K., Hiltunen, R. and Riekkola, M.L. (2002). Extraction of sage by pressurized hot and conventional methods antioxidant activity of the extracts. European Food Research and Technology. 215: 158-63.
Pulido, R., Bravo, L. and Saura-Calixto, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48(8): 3396-3402.
Roux, KH., Teuber, S,S., Robotham, J.M. and Sathe, S.K. (2001). Detection and stability of the major almond allergen in foods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 5(49): 2131-2136.
Stankovic, M.S., Niciforovic, N., Topuzovic, M. and Solujic, S. (2011). Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentrations and antioxidant activity of the whole plant and plant parts extracts from Teucrium montanum L. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment. 25(1): 2222-2227.
Shahidi, F., Janitha, P.K., and Wanasundara, P.D., (1992). Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 32(1): 67-103.
Subhashinees, K., Wijeratne, M., ABOU-ZAID., M. and Shahidi, F. (2006). Antioxidant Polyphenols in Almond and Its Co products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 54: 312−318.
Siriwardhana, S.S.K.W. and Shahidi, F. (2002). Antiradical activity of extracts of Almond and its by-products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 903: 908-979.
Tundis, R., Nadjafi, F. and Menichini, F. (2013). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant properties of Nepeta crassifolia Boiss & Buhse and Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad. Phytotherapy Research. 27: 572-580.
Takeoka, G., Teranishi, L.D.R., Wong, R., Flessa, S., Harden, L. and Edwards, R. (2000). Identification of three triterpenoids in Almond Hulls. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 48: 3437–3439.
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Afrazeh, Z., Bolandi, M., Khorshidi, M. and Mohammadi Nafchi, A. (2015). Antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts (methanol, ethanol) of saffron petals. Journal of Agriculture and Technology Saffron. 2(3): 231-236.
Bonvehi, J.S., Torrento, M.S. and Lorente, E.C. (2001). Evaluation of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds in honeybee-collected pollen produced in Spain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49(4): 1848-1853.
Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1199-1200.
Candan, F., Unlu, M., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A.H. and Akpulat, A. (2003). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. Millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae) Ethnophama. 87: 215-220.
Horwitz, W. (1984). Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, pp: 1-771.
Jahanban Esfahlan, A., Jamei, R. and Jahanban Esfahlan, R. (2010). The importance of almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) and its by-products. Food Chemistry. 120: 349-360.
João, C.M., Barreira., Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira, M., Beatriz, P.P., Oliveira, J. and Alberto, P. (2008). Antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of ten Portuguese regional and commercial almond cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46: 2230–2235.
Kamali, M., Khosroyar, S. and Jalilvand, M. (2015). Evaluation of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of different extracts of the aerial parts of medicinal plant Dracocephalum kotschyi. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. 6(3): 627-634.
Mirzapour, M., Sentandreu, M.A., Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A. and Rezaei, K. (2016). In vitro antioxidant activities of hydrolysates obtained from Iranian wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia) protein by several enzymes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51: 609–616.
Khatamsaz, M. (1993). Flora of Iran. Rosaceae Family: 314-319.
Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K.H. and Elmadfa, I. (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chemistry. 98: 381-387.
Lincoln, D.E., Murray, M.J. and Lawrence, B.M. (1986). Chemical composition and genetic basis for the isopinocamphone chemotype of Mentha citrate hybrids. Phytochemistry. 25(8): 1857.
Lopez-Ortiz, C.M., Prats-Moya, S., Sanahuja, A.B., Mestre-Perez, S.E., Grane- Teruel, N. and Martin Carratala, M.L. (2008). Comparative study of tocopherol homologue content in four almond oil cultivars during two consecutive years. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 21: 144-151.
Maghsoudloo, M., Valizadeh, J., Ebrahimian Chavoshloo, S., Mohammadi Bolban Abad, M. and Rahneshan, N. (2015). Evaluation of secondary metabolites and plant yield of Alyssum maritimum and Achillea wilhelmsii in Sistan and Baluchestan. Journal of Medicinal Plants.2(3): 1-9.
Majhenic, L., Skerget, M. andKenz, Z. (2007).Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of guarana seed extracts. Food Chemistry. 104: 1258-1268.
Mazandarani, M., Ghasemali, M. and Ghafouriyan, M. (2016). Evaluation of ecological needs, the floristic, phytochemical and antioxidant ranges of Nepeta cataria L. extract in the provinces of Golestan and Mazandaran. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 3(4): 40-57.
Ollanketo, M., Peltoketo, A., Hartonen, K., Hiltunen, R. and Riekkola, M.L. (2002). Extraction of sage by pressurized hot and conventional methods antioxidant activity of the extracts. European Food Research and Technology. 215: 158-63.
Pulido, R., Bravo, L. and Saura-Calixto, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48(8): 3396-3402.
Roux, KH., Teuber, S,S., Robotham, J.M. and Sathe, S.K. (2001). Detection and stability of the major almond allergen in foods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 5(49): 2131-2136.
Stankovic, M.S., Niciforovic, N., Topuzovic, M. and Solujic, S. (2011). Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentrations and antioxidant activity of the whole plant and plant parts extracts from Teucrium montanum L. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment. 25(1): 2222-2227.
Shahidi, F., Janitha, P.K., and Wanasundara, P.D., (1992). Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 32(1): 67-103.
Subhashinees, K., Wijeratne, M., ABOU-ZAID., M. and Shahidi, F. (2006). Antioxidant Polyphenols in Almond and Its Co products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 54: 312−318.
Siriwardhana, S.S.K.W. and Shahidi, F. (2002). Antiradical activity of extracts of Almond and its by-products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 903: 908-979.
Tundis, R., Nadjafi, F. and Menichini, F. (2013). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant properties of Nepeta crassifolia Boiss & Buhse and Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad. Phytotherapy Research. 27: 572-580.
Takeoka, G., Teranishi, L.D.R., Wong, R., Flessa, S., Harden, L. and Edwards, R. (2000). Identification of three triterpenoids in Almond Hulls. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 48: 3437–3439.